“Legal instruction” issued by the Free-Counts (‘Freigrafen’) of Westphalia [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Westphalia]: “[…] Jews may not be called before the secret court of the empire because they are not Christians and are not born with a claim to the laws of the Holy Empire and because they do not know/understand the secret laws of the empire […].”
Die Frei- und heimlichen Gerichte Westfalens. Beitrag zu deren Geschichte nach Urkunden aus dem Archiv der freien Stadt Frankfurt. Von Dr. F. Ph. Usener, Senator. (The free- and secret courts of Westphalia. Contribution to their history according to official documents from the archive of the Free City of Frankfurt. By F. Ph. Usener, PhD., Senator.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1832); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 5/2/2020