Writ/Legal Contract signed between Isabella Clara Eugenia, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp [Present-day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, France, Spain]: “[…] 3) All Portuguese Jews are to be excluded from trading [with Spain…]”
Jürgens, Adolf: Zur schleswig-holsteinischen Handelsgeschichte des 16. Und 17. Jahrhunderts. (Regarding the history of trade in Schleswig-Holstein during the 16th and 17th Century); (Bremen; 2012); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 6/10/2020