“Regulations” issued by Cardinal di Lione and Cardinal S. Onofrio, year 1636 [Papal States; Present-day Vatican City, Italy, France] [Provisional] [Provisional]: “[…] Jews are to return to [wearing] the old yellow[-colored] hats […].” [Researcher’s note: In the early 17th century, it had become fashionable for Jews to wear dark orange (almost crimson-colored) hats in Rome that were very similar to those of the cardinals. Naturally, this did not sit well with church officials; so they issued this regulation which ordered Jews to stick to the old [straw-]yellow color.]
Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 5/28/12018