“Decree” issued by Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte* [Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Westphalia]: “We, Hieronymus Napoleon […] in response to the report of Our Ministry of the Interior order [the following]: Art. 1) Every settled Jews in Our Kingdom who has not registered in the synagogue-registry […] shall see to it s/he is added [to the registry …] or face punishment […] and be convicted to a fine of 2-20 francs [currency]. … 2) Syndicates assigned with the (up)keeping of such registries that neglect to enforce the ordered registration and fail to fulfill their duties […] are to be dismissed from their office […] and sentenced to a fine 25-200 francs. 3) Jews who do not have a surname shall adopt one within 3 months […] or be sentences to one month in prison thereafter […]. 4) All Jews in a community, in which there is a synagogue, are prohibited to gather to perform their religious services anywhere but in such synagogue. […] Violators are to be fined 25-200 franks.[The Ministries of Justice and Interior are ordered to enforce the above decree.]” [Researcher’s note: *Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte, known in Germany as Hieronymus Napoleon, was the brother of Napoléon I and King of Westphalia between 1807-1813 which was a vassal state of the first French Empire.]
Zeitung des Großherzogtums Frankfurt, Juli 1811 (Newspaper of the Grand-Duchy of Frankfurt, July 1811); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 3/10/2020