“Ukase” of Tsar Alexander II [Present-day Poland, Russia, Finland; Russian Empire]: […] Jews are permitted to acquire [only] immovable goods where the peasants/farmers have transitioned from Fronarbeit* to a relationship of [paid] interests (‘Zinsverhältnis”); […] 3) […] Polish Jews are prohibited to use Hebrew or Yiddish in business dealings, official documents, contracts, wills, [debts/loans], for business ledgers, and business correspondence. […]” [Researcher’s note: *Fronarbeit or Frondienst were personal services peasants/farmers did for their landlords (owners of the land). The above Ukase is a translation of a German summary of the original Russian text. It contains a number of pro-Jews regulations; except those translated above.]
Die neueste Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes. II. Band. Zweite Abteilung: Das Zeitalter der ersten Reaktion (1815-1848). Dritte Abteilung: Das Zeitalter der zweiten Emanzipation (1848-1881); (The latest history of the Jewish peoples. Volume II. Second division: The period of the first reaction (1815-1848). Third division: The period of the second emancipation (1848-1881); (Berlin; 1920); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 5/19/2020