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394 results found.
Mar. 15, 1933
Mar. 31, 1933
Apr. 1, 1933
Apr. 11, 1933
Apr. 22, 1933
ca. 1933
Exclusion of Jewish gymnasts and athletes issued by Reich Sports Commissioner [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) The “Reich Sports Commissioner” introduced “Aryan clause” in all sports clubs: Member can only be who can prove his “Aryan descent”.
Walk Joseph: “Nazi policy toward the Jews by law and regulation 1933 to 1938.” Google Translate; Das Sonderrecht fuer die Juden im NS-Staat; p. 18,3
ca. 1933
Sale of Books Prohibited [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Sale of Books Prohibited – ‘In future books by Jewish authors written in Germany or abroad, will not be published in Germany. This action was decided upon at a meeting of the ‘Boersen Verein der deutschen Buchhaendler (Association of German Booksellers*). A resolution adopted at the meeting states that ‘in view of the fact that German book sellers were always in the foremost ranks of the German course, the Verein now unanimously decides to join the National front without any opposition.’ Berliner Tageblatt, May 12, 1933.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 13
ca. 1933
Barbers and Cigar Dealers Deprived of Livelihood [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Barbers and Cigar Dealers Deprived of Livelihood – German Government authorities today initiated a move to do away with Jewish barbers. Measures were introduced under the heading of ‘hygienic control’ giving Nazi commissars the power to shut down ‘undesirable shops.’ The Union of tobacco retailers resolved to prohibit Jews from selling cigars and cigarettes at retail. Berliner Tageblatt, May 14.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 13
May 23, 1933
ca. 1933
“Decree Concerning the Admission of Dentists and Dental Technicians to the National Health Insurance Service” issued by Third Reich [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Decree Concerning the Admission of Dentists and Dental Technicians to the National Health Insurance Service of 2 June 1933 (RGBI. I, 350) Expulsion of dentists and dental technicians of ‘non-Aryan descent’ from the National Health Insurance Panels; exclusion of dentists and dental technicians of ‘non-Aryan descent’ from these panels.”
“Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Court of Restitution Appeals reports. [Nuremberg, Germany] : United States High Commission for Germany, 1951.” Online article
2) 2 June 1933: Jewish Dentists prohibited from receiving Medicaid Payments in Baden.
John L. Heineman: “Chapter VI: The Third Reich and the Jews 1933-1938.” Online article
Jul. 26, 1933
Aug. 8, 1933
Oct. 18, 1933
Nov. 27, 1933
Dec. 8, 1933
Directive on the exclusion of Jews from the Motorists Association of German Physicians (KVDA) issued by the leader of the KVDA [Germany]: “My comrades, I expect you to march in the frontlines, as before in war and peace, in the development of our country. This requires the commitment of every German man […], because the Fuehrer has to be able to rely on his followers. For this reason unreliable people like Jews and Marxists have to leave our ranks. […]”
Juedische Rundschau, issue 98 (8.12.1933), page 917. Translated by Franziska Wagener
Dec. 28, 1933
ca. 1934
“Law for the Use of Romanian Personnel in Enterprises” [Romania] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The “Law for the Use of Romanian Personnel in Enterprises” (1934) called for at least 80 percent of the personnel in all economic, industrial, commercial, and civil enterprises to be Romanian and for at least half of the administrative board to be Romanian. It also required special approval of a committee appointed by the ministries of war, labor and industry for all hiring by industries involved in national security and defense affairs.26 While not explicitly aimed at the Jews, the law had a much greater impact on them than other minorities, who frequently lived in compact ethnic areas where implementation of the law was impracticable. For the first time Jews were confronted with the possibility of a government-managed process that would deprive them of their jobs and professions. Some Jews who worked for the railroad system and the postal and telegraphic service were demoted or simply fired. Despite international protests, the law remained on the books.”
yadvashem.org
ca. 1934
“Jewish Discrimination” [Current day Austria] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Under the Austrian Fascists, Jews are no longer accepted in public hospitals.”
“Anti-Semitism in Austria – a historical overview,” anarchismus.at
May 17, 1934
ca. 1934
“Banning of Jewish Organizations & Institutions” [Latvia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The Latvian government today ordered the permanent closing of a number of subsidiary organizations of the Latvian Bund, the Jewish Socialist organization, including the Peretz Club, the Jewish Peoples House and the Jewish Workers Theatre.”
“Latvia Bans Jewish Socialist Units in Anti-marxist Drive;” jta.org
ca. 1934
“Education Law of 1934” Issued by the Ministry of Education [Latvia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “…Jewish autonomy in schools was terminated under the Education Law of 12 July 1934, with all the schools in Latvia being placed under State control. Of the 122 Jewish schools that had existed in 1932, only 77 remained in 1939.”
Petersen, Hans-Christain: Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: History and Present in Comparison. (2010); p. 122
2) ” … the new Education Law (Ministry of Education 1934) limited the possibilities of opening and maintaining minority schools by raising the number of children necessary for the minority school to function from 30 to 80 students.”
Silova, Iveta: From Sites of Occupation to Symbols of Multiculturalism: Reconceptualizing Minority Education in Post-Soviet Latvia. (2006), p. 30
ca. 1934
1) On August 27, 1934 many Jews were dismissed from public service, and quotas were set up in colleges and universities. Zionist activities were banned, as was the teaching of Jewish history and Hebrew in Jewish schools.
“Iraqi Jews – Modern Iraq;” liquisearch.com
ca. 1934
ca. 1935
Commentary from other sources:
ca. Mar. 1935
May 21, 1935
Sept. 15, 1935
“Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor…” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Marriages between Jews and German citizens or other congeneric origin, is prohibited. Existent marriages of this kind are invalid even when they where entered into in a foreign country in order to circumvent this law. … (1) It is prohibited for Jews to show the Reich – or National flag. …”
Sept. 26, 1935
Nov. 14, 1935
“First Supplementary Decree of November 14, 1935” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “First Supplementary Decree of November 14, 1935 On the basis of Article III of the Reich Citizenship Law of September 15, 1935, the following is hereby decreed: Article 1. (1) Until further provisions concerning citizenship papers, all subjects of German or kindred blood who possessed the right to vote in the Reichstag elections when the Citizenship Law came into effect, shall, for the present, possess the rights of Reich citizens. The same shall be true of those upon whom the Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer shall confer citizenship. (2) The Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer, may revoke citizenship. Article 2. (1) The provisions of Article I shall apply also to subjects who are of mixed Jewish blood. (2) An individual of mixed Jewish blood is one who is descended from one or two grandparents who, racially, were full Jews, insofar that he is not a Jew according to Section 2 of Article 5. Full-blooded Jewish grandparents are those who belonged to the Jewish religious community. Article 3. Only citizens of the Reich, as bearers of full political rights, can exercise the right of voting in political matters, and have the right to hold public office. The Reich Minister of the Interior, or any agency he empowers, can make exceptions during the transition period on the matter of holding public office. The measures do not apply to matters concerning religious organizations. Article 4. (1) A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He cannot exercise the right to vote; he cannot hold public office. (2) Jewish officials will be retired as of December 31, 1935. In the event that such officials served at the front in the World War either for Germany or her allies, they shall receive as pension, until they reach the age limit, the full salary last received, on the basis of which their pension would have been computed. They shall not, however, be promoted according to their seniority in rank. When they reach the age limit, their pension will be computed again, according to the salary last received on which their pension was to be calculated. (3) These provisions do not concern the affairs of religious organizations. (4) The conditions regarding service of teachers in public Jewish schools remains unchanged until the promulgation of new laws on the Jewish school system. Article 5. (1) A Jew is an individual who is descended from at least three grandparents who were, racially, full Jews… (2) Jew is also an individual who is descended from two full-Jewish grandparents if: (a) he was a member of the Jewish religious community when this law was issued, or joined the community later; (b) when the law was issued, he was married to a person who was a Jew, or was subsequently married to a Jew; (c) he is the issue from a marriage with a Jew, in the sense of Section I, which was contracted after the coming into effect of the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor of September 15, 1935; (d) he is the issue of an extramarital relationship with a Jew, in the sense of Section I, and was born out of wedlock after July 31, 1936. Article 6. (1) Insofar as there are, in the laws of the Reich or in the decrees of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party and its affiliates, certain requirements for the purity of German blood which extend beyond Article 5, the same remain untouched….Article 7. The Fuehrer and Chancellor of the Reich is empowered to release anyone from the provisions of these administrative decrees.”
“The Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race: September 15, 1935.” Frank.mtsu.edu, No author, Accessed online 7/14/2011
Nov. 19, 1935
Dec. 13, 1935
Dec. 21, 1935
ca. 1936
“Laws Limiting or Eliminating Jews from Certain Professions” [Romania] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “In December 1936, a parliamentary commission began consideration of a draft law to review the citizenship lists through which Romania’s national minorities, including the majority of Romanian Jews, had obtained Romanian citizenship. This sweeping draft did not become law, but the Tatarescu government issued a series of less ambitious decree-laws and administrative orders aimed at limiting or eliminating the presence of Jews in the liberal professions, finance and other branches of the economy.”
On the T_t_rescu government and the restrictive measures introduced in 1937; yadvashem.org, see Iancu; pp. 295-303
Jan. 11, 1936
ca. 1936
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Economy [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “January 13 [1936]: The Reich Ministry of the Economy forbids Jews to take part in the sale of medals and honorary insignia.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
Mar. 7, 1936
Mar. 26, 1936
ca. 1936
Prohibition issued by the Country Welfare Office and Youth Welfare Office [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) The Country Welfare and Youth Welfare Office prohibit the recording of mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) unless they are of the Mosaic faith, in municipal and private day nurseries, kindergartens, nurseries and play grounds. As a result of the State Commissioner’s Order of March 23, 1936, the decrees of 12 September 1934 and 17 February 1936 are hereby repealed, as it no longer reflects the legal situation after the “Nuremberg Laws”. The remaining mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) have to be accommodated.
spd-rhaunen.de/index.php?nr=26054&menu=1
Apr. 3, 1936
ca. 1936
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Interior [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “April 6 [1936]: The Reich Interior Ministry excludes Jews from the profession of translator.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
Jun. 26, 1936
Jun. 29, 1936
Jul. 7, 1936
Oct. 15, 1936
Nov. 18, 1938 – 11/20/1936 (verify date)
ca. 1937
“The Kosher Slaughtering Bill” [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) Bill enacted into law on January 1, 1937 that placed limits on the practice of the kosher slaughtering of cattle by Orthodox Jews. This bill allowed the Polish government to regulate the supply of cattle to kosher slaughterers. Jurisdictions in which Jews numbered less than three percent of the total population were permitted to outlaw kosher slaughtering altogether.
Emanuel Melzer: No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry, 1935-1939 (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1965) p. 90
Mar. 19, 1937
Apr. 15, 1937
ca. 1937
Polish Medical Association [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The Polish Medical Association adopts a paragraph into their professional charter excluding Jews from the medical profession.”
“ANTISEMITISM IN INTERWAR POLAND 1919-1939,” worldfuturefund.org
ca. 1937
Law issued by Third Reich [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “…on June 11, 1937, one of the few remaining legal protections given to German Jews was further stripped away when Jews were prohibited from giving testimony in German courts.”
“1937: The Quiet Before the Storm.” holocaustchronicle.org
Sept. 8, 1937
Sept. 23, 1937
Oct. 8, 1937
Nov. 4, 1937
Nov. 16, 1937
ca. 1937
Decree issued by Reich Economics Ministry [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 27 November, 1937, a decree from the Reich Economics Ministry instructed supervisory bodies to grant absolute ‘priority’ to non-Jewish importers and to limit the quotas of Jewish importers correspondingly.”
Frank Bajohr: “‘Aryanisation’ in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of the Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany.” (2002) Orig. published in German in 1997; Online book; p. 175
ca. 1938
“Act XV of 1938” issued by Hungarian Government [Hungary] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Hungary did in fact adopt two major anti-Jewish laws before entering the war on the side of Germany, the first in 1938…Act XV of 1938 is known as the ‘first Jewish law’ despite earlier anti-Jewish legislation. Act XV was similar to the numerus clausus, but broader in scope, more discriminatory in language, and less ambiguous in intent. Whereas the 1920 legislation was confined to university admissions, this new law extended restrictions to journalism, film and fine arts, law, engineering, and medicine. In each case the proportion of Jews was not to exceed 20 percent. That this proportion is less draconian than the earlier restrictions is less an admission of the severity of the first numerus clausus than recognition of the potential economic harm to Hungary a lower threshold might pose. Unlike the earlier law, Act XV names Jews specifically as the target, and defines them in religious rather than racial terms.”
Wittenberg, Jason: “International Influences on anti-Jewish Legislation in Interwar Hungary.” berkeley.edu; p. 8
2) “In Hungary, the first step toward a ‘racial’ discrimination among Hungarian citizens was the so-called first Jewish Law of 1938. It stipulated that the proportion of Jews in the chamber of the press, in the chamber of the theater and film, in the chambers of lawyers, engineers and medical doctors as well as in the professional jobs of certain companies should not go beyond twenty percent.”
Molnar, Judit: “Gendarmes, Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews-New Findings on the Behavior of Hungarian Authorities During the Holocaust.” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3) “…the First…Jewish Law (May 1938)…statutes restricting Jews’ civil, business, and professional rights…”
Levy, Richard S.: “Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1.” (2005) p. 323
4) “On May 24, 1938, a month after Hitler’s annexation of Austria, the Hungarian parliament, in an effort to appease Hitler and prevent seizure of power by the Hungarian Nazis, enacted its first anti-Jewish law, prepared by the Horthy government, despite the bitter opposition of the Smallholders and Socialist parties and Bethlen’s conservative followers. The law limited employment of Jews in private business firms to 20 percent.”
Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) Online book; p. 462
Jan. 5, 1938
“Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Art. 1 1. Jews may be given only such given-names as are cited in the directives issued by the Ministry of Interior concerning the utili-zation of given-names. …Art. 2 1. In so far as the Jews are still using some other given-names different from those which are at their disposal according to Art. 1,-they are obliged to assume by the 1st January 1939, a second, additional given-name as follows; for males, the given-name Israel and for females the given-name Sara. 2. The person having to assume an additional forename according to para (1) is obliged to give a written notification in this matter to the registration office at which his birth, and mar-riage are registered. …Berlin, 17th, August 1938. Reichs Minister of the Interior : Representative, Dr. Stuckart. Reichs Minister of Justice : Dr. Guertner. TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 1676-PS”
“International Military Trials – Nürnberg, Document number 1409-PS through document number 2373-PS arranged numerically.” LOC.gov; Accessed online 11/20/2013
Jan. 8, 1938
Jan. 22, 1938
“Law Nr. 169” Review of citizenships [Present-day Romania]: “Article 5. …Within 30 days from the publication of this law in the Official Gazette, municipal mayors will draw up a table of the Jews registered in the municipality’s nationality registers. A registration made based on the decision of an appeal committee or on a court ruling will be mentioned in the table. …Article 6. – Within 20 days from public posting, all those registered in the table or their successors …Article 22. – People registered in the registers concerning Jews who were granted citizenship rights must file, within 20 days from the publication of this law in the Official Gazette, the following documents with the court whose registers include the statement of nationality: …”
“Monitorul Oficial” KINGDOM OF ROMANIA OFFICIAL GAZETTE, Jan. 22, 1938, Courtesy Special Collections Department, The National Library of Romania, 6/23/2014
Feb. 1, 1938
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 99. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/20/2016
Feb. 5, 1938
Feb. 6, 1938
Mar. 15, 1938
Mar. 18, 1938
Mar. 28, 1938
“Law Concerning the Legal Status of the Jewish Religious Communities” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Law Concerning the Legal Status of the Jewish Religious Communities The Reich Government has enacted the following law, which is promulgated herewith: 1) Jewish religious communal organizations and their roof organizations obtain legal standing by means of registration in the Register of Associations 2) At the end of March 31, 1938, Jewish religious organizations and their roof organizations will lose the status of Corporations under public law, insofar as they possessed such status up to the present time. From this date on they will be private Associations with legal status under civil law. Entry in the Register of Associations must be carried out…Berlin, March 28, 1938 The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler The Reich Minister for Church Affairs Kerrl The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick”
“Jewish Organizations Lose Legal Rights (March 28, 1938).” jewishvirtuallibrary.org, No author, Accessed online 7/28/2011
Apr. 12, 1938
ca. 1938
Directive concerning Equity Sanctions for Real Estate Taxes issued by the Reich Ministry of the Interior [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews or Jewish organizations are not eligible to receive exemption from a property tax for their plots, except for burial places and under circumstances for hospitals.”
Walk Joseph, Das Sonderrecht fuer die Juden im NS-Staat (Heidelberg 1996) p. 447; Source of the original law: United Restitution Organization (URO) “Die Ausnahmegesetzgebung gegen Juden im Reich, den eingegliederten und besetzten Gebieten, sowie den im Einflussgebiet liegenden abhängigen Ländern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der wirtschaftlichen Diskriminierung 1933-1945;” Volume I; pp. 101-104
Apr. 22, 1938
Apr. 26, 1938
“Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property” issued by Minister of Economy Hermann Goering [Germany]: “Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property of 26 April 1938…the following Is hereby decreed: Article 1 1. Every Jew (Article 5 of the First Regulation under the Reich Citizenship Law of 14 November 1935…) shall report and evaluate in accordance with the following instructions his entire domestic and foreign property and estate on the day when this decree goes into force. Jews of foreign citizenship shall report and evaluate only their domestic property. 2. The duty to report holds likewise for the non-Jewish marital partner of a Jew. 3. Every reporting person’s property must be given separately. … Berlin, 26 April 1938 The Deputy for the Four Year Plan Goering General Field Marshal The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Decree for reporting Jewish owned property…” Axishistory.com, No author. Accessed online 7/15/2011
May 19, 1938
May 20, 1938
ca. 1938
Commentary from other sources:
1) “May 31 [1938]: The Decree on the Restoration of the Austrian Civil Service dismisses civil servants who are Jewish, Mischlinge, or who are married to a Jew.”
Jun. 9, 1938
Jun. 13, 1938
Jun. 14, 1938
Jun. 24, 1938
Jul. 6, 1938
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 823. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/3/2016
Jul. 15, 1938
Kloyber, C. & Wasmeier, C. Das Bürglgut: Von der Großbürgerlichkeit zur Restitution (The Bürgl Estate: From Grand Bourgeoisie to Restitution). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, 2011. P.322. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 9/14/2019
Jul. 23, 1938
Jul. 25, 1938
Jul. 27, 1938
Aug. 17, 1938
“The second decree for the execution of the law regarding the changes of the surnames and forenames…” issued by Reich Minister of the Interior Representative Dr. Stuckart [Germany]: “…Art. 1 1. Jews may be given only such given-names as are cited in the directives issued by the Ministry of Interior concerning the utilization of given-names. 2. Para. (1) is not applicable to Jews who are foreign citizens. Art. 2 1. In so far as the Jews are still using some other given-names different from those which are at their disposal according to Art. 1,-they are obliged to assume by the 1st January 1938, a second, additional given-name as follows; for males, the given-names Israel and for females the given-name Sara…Art. 3 As far as is customary in juridicial and business procedure to indicate the given-names, the Jews are obliged always to indicate at least one of their given-names. …Berlin, 17th, August 1938. Reichs Minister of the Interior: Representative, Dr. Stuckart. Reichs Minister of Justice: Dr. Guertner.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 1674-PS.” avalon.law.yale.edu, No author, Accessed online 7/14/2011
Sept. 6, 1938
Sept. 7, 1938
Sept. 23, 1938
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,” CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
Sept. 27, 1938
Fifth Decree of the German Civil Law issued by German government [Germany]: “…Article I. Elimination of the Jews from the Bar (Attorneyship). Section 1. Jews are excluded from the profession of a lawyer. In as much as Jews are still lawyers they are to be eliminated from the bar pursuant to the following provisions : …Signatories :The Fuehrer and Reich-Chancellor, Adolf Hitler. The Reich Minister of Justice Dr. Guertner. The Reich Minister of Interior Frick. The Deputy, of the Fuehrer R. Hess. The Reich Minister of Finance (in the name of Reinhardt).”
Sept. 28, 1938
ca. 1938
Ban on Jewish Immigration [Columbia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) In 1934 the Chamber of Commerce instigated an active anti-immigration propaganda. The press voiced its unanimous opposition to aliens, and in October 1938 the government passed new laws directed especially against Jews. In 1939 immigration ceased completely, and between 1945 and 1950 only 350 Jews entered the country.
“Jews in Colombia;” am-sur.com
Oct. 5, 1938
“Law on Passports of Jews” issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “…Article 1 (1) All German passports of Jews (Article 5 of the first law to the Reich citizenship of 14 November 1935…) … who reside in the Reich area, become invalid. (1.2) The holders of the passports, mentioned in section (1), are obliged to hand in these passports to the passport authority within Germany, … For Jews who are staying abroad at the time of publication of this law, this period of two weeks begins with the day of their re-entry into the Reich area. (3) The passports, made out to be valid abroad, will become valid again if they are marked with a sign designated by the Reich Minister of the Interior, which will mark the holder as a Jew. …Berlin, 5 October 1938. The Reich Minister of the Interior By order Dr. Best.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2120-PS,” No author, Accessed online at avalon.law.yale.edu 7/14/2011
Oct. 6, 1938
Oct. 7, 1938
Oct. 26, 1938
Law to expel issued by German government [Germany]: “Telephone Instructions to Expel Polish Jews from Germany enacted by the Head of the Legal Department [Germany]: […] Therefore the Jews of Polish nationality, who are located in Germany, will be expelled as a precaution from the Reich immediately in the shortest possible time. […] Berlin 26 October 1938 – Signed by Gauz”
Akten zur deutschen auswaertigen Politik, 1918 – 1945, series D, volume 5, page 93. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 11/19/2015
Oct. 31, 1938
Nov. 10, 1938
Nov. 11, 1938
Nov. 12, 1938
Decree issued by the Minister of Economy, Hermann Goering [Germany]: “1. All damage to Jewish businesses or dwellings on 8, 9 or 10 November 1938 through the indignation of the people over the agitation of the international Jews against national Socialist Germany, must be repaired at once by the Jewish occupant or Jewish businessman. …2. The hostile attitude of Jewry towards the German people and Reich, which does not even shrink from committing cowardly murder, requires harsh atonement. Therefore I make the following order: the payment of a contribution of 1,000,000,000 Reichmarks to German Reich has been imposed on the Jews of German nationality as a whole. 3. From January 1st, 1939, on, a Jew cannot remain a businessman any longer. If a Jew has been a leading employee in a business enterprise, he will be dismissed after six months notice.”
“Consequences of Kristallnacht.” historylearningsite.co.uk, Chris Trueman, December 2011, Accessed online article 5/15/2011