Decree on Deportation of Eastern Jews issued by German Government [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Magazine: Die Polizei. Fachzeitschrift für d. öffentliche Sicherheit mit Beiträgen aus der Deutschen Hochschule der Polizei; p. 231
Individual Link
Search Results for:
394 results found.
Mar. 15, 1933
Circular note regarding Eastern Jewish Immigrants issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “For a first initiation of a deliberate national policy it is necessary: 1. To fend off Eastern Jewish immigrants. 2. To remove those foreigners if they’re currently residing illegally in Germany. 3. To refrain from naturalizing Eastern Jewish foreigners until further notice. Regarding 1. I have asked the Reich Foreign Minister to instruct the German embassies abroad to reject visa applications of those foreigners categorically […]. Regarding 2. I ask sincerely to expel foreigners of Eastern Jewish nationality, who reside illegally in Germany within the framework of existing laws and treaties. Regarding 3. Please refrain from naturalizing Eastern Jews until further notice. […] 15 March 1933 – The Reich Minister of Interior Frick”
Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945, Bd. I. Deutsches Reich 1933-1937, ed. by W. Gruner, Munich 2008, page 80, Online book; Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/29/2015
Individual Link
Mar. 31, 1933
Order issued by Chairman Julius Streicher [Germany]: “…Additional orders of the Central Committee for defense against Jewish horror and boycott agitation. …The following additional orders are issued by the Central committee for defense against Jewish horror and boycott agitation: …Order No. 4 Numerous reports are received by the Central Committee saying that Jewish proprietors are transferring their establishments to German figureheads in order to avoid the effects of the defensive propaganda. Therefore it is decreed that: Establishments transferred to German figureheads by the Jewish proprietors after 28 March 1933 will be considered as Jewish establishments for the duration of the defensive boycott. … [Julius] Streicher.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2154-PS.” No author, Accessed online 8/20/2012
Individual Link
Apr. 1, 1933
“Decree of April 1, 1933 regarding the exercise of the Calling of notary” issued by the Third Reich [Germany]: “Maintenance of public order and security will be exposed to serious danger if Germans are still liable to be served with documents in legal proceedings which have been drawn up or certified by Jewish notaries. I accordingly ask that Jewish notaries be urgently advised in their own interests to refrain until further notice from exercising their calling. In this connection the attention of notaries should be drawn to the fact that, should they refuse to comply with this recommendation, they will expose themselves to serious dangers in view of the excited state of public opinion. Notaries should be recommended to inform the competent presidents of provincial courts that they will refrain from exercising their calling pending the issue of further regulations regarding conditions applying to notaries.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 4
Individual Link
Apr. 11, 1933
“First Decree with Reference to the Law for the Restoration of Regular Civil Service” issued by Third Reich [Germany]: “To Paragraph 3 of the above law: ‘1. Non-Aryan descent means descent from non-Aryan, and especially Jewish, parents or grandparents, even though only one of the parents or grandparents was of the Jewish religion. 2. If a civil servant was not already a civil servant on the 1st of August, 1914, he must prove that he is of Aryan descent, or that he fought at the Front in the War, or that he is the son or the father of a man killed during the War…3. If the Aryan descent is doubtful, an opinion must be requested from the authority on race questions (Sachverstaendiger fuer Rasseforschung) of the Ministry of the Interior.’ No exception is granted to sons of War combatants in general. Only if the father was killed may the son be a civil servant.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 2
Individual Link
Apr. 22, 1933
“Withdrawal of Approbation for Jewish Doctors” issued by the German government [Germany]: “[…] 4) “The permission to work as a doctor can no longer be extended to Jews.”
Ärzteblatt: Approbationsentzug für jüdische Ärzte: Bestallung erloschen (“Medical News: Withdrawal of Approbation for Jewish Doctors: “Permission Withdrawn”); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 1/10/2017
Individual Link
ca. 1933
Exclusion of Jewish gymnasts and athletes issued by Reich Sports Commissioner [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) The “Reich Sports Commissioner” introduced “Aryan clause” in all sports clubs: Member can only be who can prove his “Aryan descent”.
Walk Joseph: “Nazi policy toward the Jews by law and regulation 1933 to 1938.” Google Translate; Das Sonderrecht fuer die Juden im NS-Staat; p. 18,3
ca. 1933
Sale of Books Prohibited [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Sale of Books Prohibited – ‘In future books by Jewish authors written in Germany or abroad, will not be published in Germany. This action was decided upon at a meeting of the ‘Boersen Verein der deutschen Buchhaendler (Association of German Booksellers*). A resolution adopted at the meeting states that ‘in view of the fact that German book sellers were always in the foremost ranks of the German course, the Verein now unanimously decides to join the National front without any opposition.’ Berliner Tageblatt, May 12, 1933.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 13
ca. 1933
Barbers and Cigar Dealers Deprived of Livelihood [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Barbers and Cigar Dealers Deprived of Livelihood – German Government authorities today initiated a move to do away with Jewish barbers. Measures were introduced under the heading of ‘hygienic control’ giving Nazi commissars the power to shut down ‘undesirable shops.’ The Union of tobacco retailers resolved to prohibit Jews from selling cigars and cigarettes at retail. Berliner Tageblatt, May 14.”
“The Jews in Nazi Germany: The Factual Record of their Persecution by the National Socialist.” The American Jewish Committee; Online excerpt (1933) p. 13
May 23, 1933
Exclusion of Jewish Gymnasts issued by the President of the German Gymnastic Association [Germany]: “Therefore I will withdraw […] the exception and determine that all male and female members, who are of Jewish descent, counted back to the grandparents, have to leave the association. 23 Mai 1933 Neuendorff.”
Deutsche Turnzeitung 78 (1933) 21, page 401 of 23.5.1933, Translated by Franziska Wagener
Individual Link
ca. 1933
“Decree Concerning the Admission of Dentists and Dental Technicians to the National Health Insurance Service” issued by Third Reich [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Decree Concerning the Admission of Dentists and Dental Technicians to the National Health Insurance Service of 2 June 1933 (RGBI. I, 350) Expulsion of dentists and dental technicians of ‘non-Aryan descent’ from the National Health Insurance Panels; exclusion of dentists and dental technicians of ‘non-Aryan descent’ from these panels.”
“Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). Court of Restitution Appeals reports. [Nuremberg, Germany] : United States High Commission for Germany, 1951.” Online article
2) 2 June 1933: Jewish Dentists prohibited from receiving Medicaid Payments in Baden.
John L. Heineman: “Chapter VI: The Third Reich and the Jews 1933-1938.” Online article
Jul. 26, 1933
“Executory decree for the law about the Repeal of Naturalization and the Ajudication of German Citizenship” issued by the Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “…Accordingly the repeal of naturalization is especially to be contemplated in the case of : (a) Eastern Jews, unless they have fought on the German side at the front in the World War, or have rendered extremely meritorious services to the German interests (b) Persons who are guilty of a grave offense or a crime, or otherwise have acted in a way detrimental to the welfare of the state and the people…Berlin, 26 July 1933. The Reich Minister of the Interior By direction Pfundtner.”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Executing decree for the law about the Repeal of Naturalizations and the adjudication of German citizenship.” No author. Accessed online excerpt 10/12/2012
Individual Link
Aug. 8, 1933
Policies to Article 1, Paragraph 3 of the Reich Civil Service Law in the Version Dated 30 June 1933 (RGBl I, p. 433) issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “Article 1 (1) A person who descends from a Non-Aryan, especially from Jewish parents or grandparents, is considered non-Aryan. It is sufficient if one parent or grandparent is non-Aryan. Especially, if a parent or grandparent has been of Jewish faith. (2) Extramarital descent within the meaning of article 1a paragraph 3 of the Reich Civil Service Act also counts as descent. If a child was adopted a parent-child relationship within the meaning of this regulation doesn’t apply. Article 2 (1) Whoever should be appointed as Reich Official, has to prove that he and his spouse are of Aryan descent. Each official, who wants to enter into a marriage has to prove that the person he intends to marry is of Aryan descent. (2) Evidence must be provided by the presentation of documents (birth certificate, marriage certificate of the parents). (3) If the Aryan descent is doubtful an expert opinion must be obtained from the experts on racial research ordered the Minister of the Interior. […] Berlin 8 August 1933 – The Reich Minister of the Interior signed by Pfundtner.”
1933 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 575. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 11/17/2015
Individual Link
Oct. 18, 1933
Directive on the Membership of Jewish Craftsmen at Professional Organizations of Craftsmanship issued by the Reich Association of German Trade [Germany]: “The issue of a membership of Jewish craftsmen has to be answered the following way: Nothing willl be changed regarding the membership per se, but it won’t be permitted that Jewish members of the Craftsmanship Organizations hold an office in the organization, particular as a member of the board of directors. […]”
Juedische Rundschau issue 84 (4.10.1933), page 670. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 11/24/2015
Individual Link
Nov. 27, 1933
Circular Note issued by Minister of Interior [Germany]: “I ask you to ensure that Jewish festivals and holidays won’t be listed in German calendars especially in calendars of public authorities any longer. Awarding contractors with orders for new calendars offers the opportunity to appeal to the company that is commissioned with the printing order accordingly. Berlin 27 November 1933 – The Reich Minister of Interior Signed by Pfundtner”
German Bundesarchiv R 43-II/594, Researched by Franziska Wagener
Individual Link
Dec. 8, 1933
Directive on the exclusion of Jews from the Motorists Association of German Physicians (KVDA) issued by the leader of the KVDA [Germany]: “My comrades, I expect you to march in the frontlines, as before in war and peace, in the development of our country. This requires the commitment of every German man […], because the Fuehrer has to be able to rely on his followers. For this reason unreliable people like Jews and Marxists have to leave our ranks. […]”
Juedische Rundschau, issue 98 (8.12.1933), page 917. Translated by Franziska Wagener
Dec. 28, 1933
“Law Against the Overfilling of the German Schools and Universities” issued by the Reichs-Chancelor Adolf Hitler and Reichs-Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick [Germany]: “The number of newly admitted Jewish students at every university must not exceed 15,000 per year.”
Fachhochschule Potsdam: Maßnahmen/Gesetze gegen Juden im “Dritten Reich” (University of Potsdam: Measures and Laws Against Jews in the Third Reich”), Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 12/3/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1934
“Law for the Use of Romanian Personnel in Enterprises” [Romania] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The “Law for the Use of Romanian Personnel in Enterprises” (1934) called for at least 80 percent of the personnel in all economic, industrial, commercial, and civil enterprises to be Romanian and for at least half of the administrative board to be Romanian. It also required special approval of a committee appointed by the ministries of war, labor and industry for all hiring by industries involved in national security and defense affairs.26 While not explicitly aimed at the Jews, the law had a much greater impact on them than other minorities, who frequently lived in compact ethnic areas where implementation of the law was impracticable. For the first time Jews were confronted with the possibility of a government-managed process that would deprive them of their jobs and professions. Some Jews who worked for the railroad system and the postal and telegraphic service were demoted or simply fired. Despite international protests, the law remained on the books.”
yadvashem.org
ca. 1934
“Jewish Discrimination” [Current day Austria] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Under the Austrian Fascists, Jews are no longer accepted in public hospitals.”
“Anti-Semitism in Austria – a historical overview,” anarchismus.at
May 17, 1934
Regulation on the Permission of Physicians to be employed at Insurance Companies issued by the Reich Minister of Labor [Germany]: “[…] Article 15 – the following are excluded from admission: […] 2. Physicians of non-Aryan descent and physicians whose spouses are of non-Aryan descent. A non-Aryan is someone who is descended from a non-Aryan, especially from Jewish parents or grandparents. It is sufficient if one parent or one grandparent is non-Aryan, especially if a parent or grandparent belongs to the Jewish religion. […] Berlin 17 May 1934 – the Reich Labor Minister, signed by Krohn.”
1934 Reichsgesetzblatt I., page 399. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 12/7/2015
Individual Link
ca. 1934
“Banning of Jewish Organizations & Institutions” [Latvia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The Latvian government today ordered the permanent closing of a number of subsidiary organizations of the Latvian Bund, the Jewish Socialist organization, including the Peretz Club, the Jewish Peoples House and the Jewish Workers Theatre.”
“Latvia Bans Jewish Socialist Units in Anti-marxist Drive;” jta.org
ca. 1934
“Education Law of 1934” Issued by the Ministry of Education [Latvia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “…Jewish autonomy in schools was terminated under the Education Law of 12 July 1934, with all the schools in Latvia being placed under State control. Of the 122 Jewish schools that had existed in 1932, only 77 remained in 1939.”
Petersen, Hans-Christain: Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: History and Present in Comparison. (2010); p. 122
2) ” … the new Education Law (Ministry of Education 1934) limited the possibilities of opening and maintaining minority schools by raising the number of children necessary for the minority school to function from 30 to 80 students.”
Silova, Iveta: From Sites of Occupation to Symbols of Multiculturalism: Reconceptualizing Minority Education in Post-Soviet Latvia. (2006), p. 30
ca. 1934
“Restrictions on Jews” issued by the Iraqi government [Iraq] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) On August 27, 1934 many Jews were dismissed from public service, and quotas were set up in colleges and universities. Zionist activities were banned, as was the teaching of Jewish history and Hebrew in Jewish schools.
“Iraqi Jews – Modern Iraq;” liquisearch.com
Individual Link
1) On August 27, 1934 many Jews were dismissed from public service, and quotas were set up in colleges and universities. Zionist activities were banned, as was the teaching of Jewish history and Hebrew in Jewish schools.
“Iraqi Jews – Modern Iraq;” liquisearch.com
ca. 1934
Decree concerning the alteration of exam regulations for pharmacy students issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Reichsministerialblatt 1934; Article 6; p. 769
Individual Link
ca. 1935
Law 1935-1936 [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews forbidden to use the German greeting ‘Heil Hitler'”
“Learning: Voices of the Holocaust,” British Library; “The Hitler Salute On the Meaning of A Gesture By Allert, Tilman – 2008,” Los Angeles Public Library
Individual Link
ca. Mar. 1935
Letter to all Jewish writers in Germany issued by the President of the Reich Literature Chamber [Germany] [Provisional]: “[…] It is the will of the Fuehrer and Chancellor that the conduct of the German cultural assets should be reserved for only suitable and reliable comrades. […] You are thereby prohibited to publish any literary work within the area of the Reich Literature Chamber with immediate effect. For the proper termination of contracts, commitments, and planned publications, I set a deadline of 1 April 1935.” […]”
Dokumentensammlung über die Entrechtung, Ächtung und Vernichtung der Juden in Deutschland seit der Regierung Adolf Hitlers, 1936, page 84. http://www.ifz-muenchen.de/archiv/MS_0087_0000.pdf; Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/3/2016
Individual Link
May 21, 1935
“Defense Law” (“Wehrgesetz”) issued by the German government [Germany]: “[…] 15) Jews are no longer permitted to actively serve in the army (Wehrdienst).”
“Wehrgesetz” (Defense Law) from May 21, 1935; Reichsgesetzblatt (Law Documents of the Reich) (1935), I, p. 609; Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 1/10/2017
Individual Link
Sept. 15, 1935
“Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor…” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Marriages between Jews and German citizens or other congeneric origin, is prohibited. Existent marriages of this kind are invalid even when they where entered into in a foreign country in order to circumvent this law. … (1) It is prohibited for Jews to show the Reich – or National flag. …”
Reichgesetzblatt 1, p. 1146, Researched and Translated by Isabella Azieb
Individual Link
Sept. 26, 1935
Rules for Implementing the Regulation on Granting Child Benefits to large Families issued by Reich Finance Minister [Germany]: “Due to article 2 of the Regulation on Granting Child Benefits to large Families of 15 September 1935 (RGBI I. page 1160) the following is determined: Article 1- Child benefits may be granted under the following conditions: 1. The family has to include four or more children belonging to the parental household, who have not attained the age of 16. 2. The parents have to be citizens of the Reich in the sense of the Reich Citizenship Law of 15 September 1935 (RGBl I page 1146) [which means non-Jewish as of the First Supplementary Decree of the Reich Citizen Law of 14 November 1935]. […] Berlin 26 September 1935, the Reich-Minister of Finance by order: Reinhardt.”
1935 Reichsgesetzblatt part I, page 1206, Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/05/2015
Nov. 14, 1935
“First Supplementary Decree of November 14, 1935” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “First Supplementary Decree of November 14, 1935 On the basis of Article III of the Reich Citizenship Law of September 15, 1935, the following is hereby decreed: Article 1. (1) Until further provisions concerning citizenship papers, all subjects of German or kindred blood who possessed the right to vote in the Reichstag elections when the Citizenship Law came into effect, shall, for the present, possess the rights of Reich citizens. The same shall be true of those upon whom the Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer shall confer citizenship. (2) The Reich Minister of the Interior, in conjunction with the Deputy to the Fuehrer, may revoke citizenship. Article 2. (1) The provisions of Article I shall apply also to subjects who are of mixed Jewish blood. (2) An individual of mixed Jewish blood is one who is descended from one or two grandparents who, racially, were full Jews, insofar that he is not a Jew according to Section 2 of Article 5. Full-blooded Jewish grandparents are those who belonged to the Jewish religious community. Article 3. Only citizens of the Reich, as bearers of full political rights, can exercise the right of voting in political matters, and have the right to hold public office. The Reich Minister of the Interior, or any agency he empowers, can make exceptions during the transition period on the matter of holding public office. The measures do not apply to matters concerning religious organizations. Article 4. (1) A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He cannot exercise the right to vote; he cannot hold public office. (2) Jewish officials will be retired as of December 31, 1935. In the event that such officials served at the front in the World War either for Germany or her allies, they shall receive as pension, until they reach the age limit, the full salary last received, on the basis of which their pension would have been computed. They shall not, however, be promoted according to their seniority in rank. When they reach the age limit, their pension will be computed again, according to the salary last received on which their pension was to be calculated. (3) These provisions do not concern the affairs of religious organizations. (4) The conditions regarding service of teachers in public Jewish schools remains unchanged until the promulgation of new laws on the Jewish school system. Article 5. (1) A Jew is an individual who is descended from at least three grandparents who were, racially, full Jews… (2) Jew is also an individual who is descended from two full-Jewish grandparents if: (a) he was a member of the Jewish religious community when this law was issued, or joined the community later; (b) when the law was issued, he was married to a person who was a Jew, or was subsequently married to a Jew; (c) he is the issue from a marriage with a Jew, in the sense of Section I, which was contracted after the coming into effect of the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor of September 15, 1935; (d) he is the issue of an extramarital relationship with a Jew, in the sense of Section I, and was born out of wedlock after July 31, 1936. Article 6. (1) Insofar as there are, in the laws of the Reich or in the decrees of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party and its affiliates, certain requirements for the purity of German blood which extend beyond Article 5, the same remain untouched….Article 7. The Fuehrer and Chancellor of the Reich is empowered to release anyone from the provisions of these administrative decrees.”
“The Nuremberg Laws on Citizenship and Race: September 15, 1935.” Frank.mtsu.edu, No author, Accessed online 7/14/2011
Nov. 19, 1935
Decree Prohibiting Jews to have an artist’s name issued by the Political Police Commander [Germany]: “The Political Police Commander of the Reich ordered on October 30, 1935, that Jews should be prohibited to bear an artist’s name with or without connection to their family name because the reason for bearing an artist’s name is the camouflage of the Jewish name.”
Sauer, Paul: Dokumente über die Verfolgung der Jüdischen Bürger in Baden-Württemberg durch das Nationalsozialistische Regime 1933-1945, volume I, page 71. Translated by Franziska Wagener 4/15/2016
Individual Link
Dec. 13, 1935
“Reich Physicians Law” issued by Third Reich [Germany]: “Article 3 (2) The license to practice medicine shall be refused: […] (5) If the applicant can’t become an Official because of his or his spouse’s descent and if -at the time of the application- the percentage of non-German blooded physicians in relation to the total numbers of physicians is higher than the percentage of non-German blooded in the German population. […] Berlin 13 December 1935 – the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler; the Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
1935 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1433. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/11/2015
Dec. 21, 1935
Decree issued by Third Reich [Germany]: “Second Regulation to The Reich Citizenship Law of December 21, 1935, issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: […] Article 6 (2) Jewish senior physicians at public hospitals and free non-profit hospitals as well as independent medical examiners will be dismissed from their position as of March 31, 1936. Existing contracts will expire at the same time. […] Berlin 21 December 1935 – The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick; the Deputy, of the Fuehrer Hess; the Reich Justice Minister Dr. Guertner.”
1935 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1524. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/11/2015
ca. 1936
“Laws Limiting or Eliminating Jews from Certain Professions” [Romania] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “In December 1936, a parliamentary commission began consideration of a draft law to review the citizenship lists through which Romania’s national minorities, including the majority of Romanian Jews, had obtained Romanian citizenship. This sweeping draft did not become law, but the Tatarescu government issued a series of less ambitious decree-laws and administrative orders aimed at limiting or eliminating the presence of Jews in the liberal professions, finance and other branches of the economy.”
On the T_t_rescu government and the restrictive measures introduced in 1937; yadvashem.org, see Iancu; pp. 295-303
Jan. 11, 1936
“Executive Order on the Reich Tax Law” issued by issued by Reich Minister of Finance [Germany]: “[…] Article 6 – (1) Jews will not be granted permission (to serve as tax consultant). […] Berlin 11 January 1936 – The Reich Minister of Finance by order: Reinhardt.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page11. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/13/2015
Individual Link
ca. 1936
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Economy [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “January 13 [1936]: The Reich Ministry of the Economy forbids Jews to take part in the sale of medals and honorary insignia.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
Mar. 7, 1936
“Law governing elections to the Reichstag” issued by Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Law governing elections to the Reichstag of 7 March 1936 The Reich Cabinet [Reichsregierung] has enacted the following law, published herewith: Article 1 Reichstag electors are—aside from the German citizens who, according to the first decree of 14 November 1935 (Reichsgesetzbl. I, p. 1333) of the Reich citizenship laws, are temporarily…considered as citizens of the Reich—the German citizens of German or related blood who on election day are 20 years of age, provided that they are not disfranchised and provided that their franchise is not in abeyance (Article 2 of the Reich election law). The definitions of Articles 2 and 5, section 2 of the decree mentioned apply. Article 2 Whoever casts a vote without being entitled to do so is liable to imprisonment or fine or both. Article 3 The Reich Minister of the Interior is empowered to issue the regulations necessary for the execution of this law. He may change the regulations of the Reich election law regarding the eligibility and the distribution of seats to the candidates on the, election lists and he may reduce the periods of time provided for in the Reich election law. Berlin, 7 March 1936 The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Law governing elections to the Reichstag.” Axishistory.com, No author, Accessed online 10/12/2012
Individual Link
Mar. 26, 1936
First Regulation to the Act on Leasing and Management of Public Pharmacies issued by the Reich Minister of the Interior [Germany]: “[…] Article 3: Jews are not permitted as tenants. Public pharmacies whose owner is a Jew are subject to a forced lease. […] Berlin 26 March 1936 – The Reich Minister of Interior, signed by Pfundtner.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 317. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/13/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1936
Prohibition issued by the Country Welfare Office and Youth Welfare Office [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) The Country Welfare and Youth Welfare Office prohibit the recording of mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) unless they are of the Mosaic faith, in municipal and private day nurseries, kindergartens, nurseries and play grounds. As a result of the State Commissioner’s Order of March 23, 1936, the decrees of 12 September 1934 and 17 February 1936 are hereby repealed, as it no longer reflects the legal situation after the “Nuremberg Laws”. The remaining mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) have to be accommodated.
spd-rhaunen.de/index.php?nr=26054&menu=1
Apr. 3, 1936
“Reich Veterinarians Law” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “[…] Article 3 (2) The license to practice shall be refused […] 5. If the applicant can’t become an Official because of his or his spouse’s descent. Exceptions can be granted in cases of hardship by the Minister of the Interior in accordance with the Reich Veterinarian Chamber. […] Berlin 3 April 1936 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler; the Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 347. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/14/2015
ca. 1936
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Interior [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “April 6 [1936]: The Reich Interior Ministry excludes Jews from the profession of translator.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
Jun. 26, 1936
“Law concerning Alteration of the Defense Law” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “The government of the [German] Reich has ordered the following: (1) – Article 15 of the defense law from 21 May 1935 (RGBl I p. 609) provides the following version: “Article 15 (1) – A Jew is not allowed to perform military service. (2)- Half-Jews may not become officers in the armed forces. (3) – The service of Jews during war remains subject to special regulations.”(…) Berlin, 26 June 1936 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler; The Reich Minister of Defense von Blomberg; The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt part I, page 518, Translated by Franziska Wagener, Accessed on 9/13/2015
Individual Link
Jun. 29, 1936
Decree Regarding Business-Related Assistance in Foreign Exchange Matters issued by Reich Minister of Economics [Germany]: “[…] Article 8 (1) Jews will not be granted permission. (2) The Reich Minister of Economics can grant permission upon request to Jews and Jewish organizations, who promote the emigration of Jews, in order to assist with foreign exchange matters of Jewish emigrants. Berlin 29 June 1936 – The Reich Minister of Economics Dr. Schacht.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 524. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/14/2015
Jul. 7, 1936
Regulation on Cooperative Public Accountants issued by the Reich Economy Ministry [Germany]: “Article 6 I: Jews are excluded from admission to the exam for cooperative accountants. […] Berlin 7 July 1936 – The Reich Economy Minister, signed by Posse.”
1936 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 560. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/14/2016
Individual Link
Oct. 15, 1936
Law issued by Reich Ministry of Education [Germany]: “I. The permission to open a private school or to give private lessons to young people can […] only be granted if the applicant 1. can provide evidence of the purity of his blood according to the civil service regulations for himself and his spouse, if married. […] III. Principals of private schools and private teachers of German nationality, who teach students of German or kindred blood, are obliged to notify the education authority if they are getting married. They will lose their permit if they will get married to a person, who cannot provide evidence of the purity of blood according to the regulations for civil servants. […] Berlin 15 Oktober 1936, The Reich Minister for Science, Training and People’s Education Signed for by Zschinzsch”
Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung – 2. 1936, page 466. Online, Accessed on 10/2015, Translated by Franziska Wagener
Individual Link
Nov. 18, 1938 – 11/20/1936 (verify date)
“Immigration ban on all Jews” issued by the Paraguayan Government [Paraguay]: “Paraguay has prohibited entrance of all Jews irrespective of their nationality or the class in which they are traveling. […] the ban also applies to Jews who are on [en] route with visas from Paraguay’s consuls [issued] in various countries.”
Jewish Telegraphic Agency; Paraguay Ban Affects Jews of All Countries; Researched by Ziba Shadjaani 11/28/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1937
“The Kosher Slaughtering Bill” [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) Bill enacted into law on January 1, 1937 that placed limits on the practice of the kosher slaughtering of cattle by Orthodox Jews. This bill allowed the Polish government to regulate the supply of cattle to kosher slaughterers. Jurisdictions in which Jews numbered less than three percent of the total population were permitted to outlaw kosher slaughtering altogether.
Emanuel Melzer: No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry, 1935-1939 (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1965) p. 90
Mar. 19, 1937
Decree amending the Reich Labor Service Law issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Article 7 (1) – Jews are not permitted to the Reich Labor Service. (2) Jews of mixed heritage cannot be superior in the Reich Labor Service. […] Berlin 19 March 1937 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler.”
1937 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 325. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/16/2016
Individual Link
Apr. 15, 1937
Circular on the Acquisition of a Doctorate Decree for Jews of German Citizenship issued by the Ministry of Science and Education [Germany]: “In agreement with the Deputy of the Fuehrer, the Reich- and Prussian Minister of the Interior and the Foreign Office, I order with immediate effect, that Jews […] who have German citizenship, are no longer admitted to the doctoral exam. Jews are also not allowed to receive a renewal of their doctoral diplomas.[…] Berlin 15 April 1937 – the Reich- and Prussian Minister of Science and Education, Signed for by Zschinzsch.”
Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung – 3.1937, page 224. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/19/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1937
Polish Medical Association [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The Polish Medical Association adopts a paragraph into their professional charter excluding Jews from the medical profession.”
“ANTISEMITISM IN INTERWAR POLAND 1919-1939,” worldfuturefund.org
ca. 1937
Law issued by Third Reich [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “…on June 11, 1937, one of the few remaining legal protections given to German Jews was further stripped away when Jews were prohibited from giving testimony in German courts.”
“1937: The Quiet Before the Storm.” holocaustchronicle.org
Sept. 8, 1937
“Ordinance on the Admission of Physicians to the Treatment of Health Insurance Members” issued by Reich Minister of Labor [Germany]: “Article 1 (7) The following shall be added to article 15, paragraph 2 (of the original law): 2. Physicians who themselves or whose spouse are not of German or related blood. The Reich Fuehrer of the Health Insurance Association can grant an exception to half-Jews. […] Berlin 8 September 1937 – The Reich Minister of Labor for the Secretary of State Rettig.”
1937 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 973. Online, Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/15/2015
Individual Link
Sept. 23, 1937
Decree on Manufacturing and Sales of Radios by Jewish Firms issued by the Reich Economy Minister [Germany]: “The Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda and I agree with the following: […] 1. Jewish firms may not a) produce radios, b) nor deliver items for installation in the recipient, c) nor sell radios as a wholesaler, retailer or business representative. […] Berlin 23 September 1937 – The Reich and Prussian Minister of Economy, Schacht.”
Sauer, Paul: Dokumente über die Verfolgung der Jüdischen Bürger in Baden-Württemberg durch das Nationalsozialistische Regime 1933-1945, volume I, page 194, Translated by Franziska Wagener, Accessed 1/29/2016
Individual Link
Oct. 8, 1937
Appointment regulations for pharmacists issued by the Reich Ministry of Interior [Germany]: “Article 3 – The following has to be attached in the original to the application for the appointment: […] (4) Proof, that the applicant is not a Jew. Article 6 – (5) The appointment shall be refused if the applicant is a Jew. […] Berlin 8 October 1937 – The Reich Minister of Interior signed by Pfundtner.”
1937 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1118, Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/19/2016
Individual Link
Nov. 4, 1937
General Order on the German Salute issued by the Reich Ministry of Justice [Germany]: “No. 349- The German Salute is the greeting of German citizens. When dealing with judicial authorities, in particular in court sessions, Jews are therefore not allowed to use the German salute.”
Deutsche Justiz. Rechtspflege und Rechtspolitik. Amtliches Blatt der deutschen Rechtspflege 1937, page 1760. Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/8/2016
Individual Link
Nov. 16, 1937
Circular regarding Jewish passports for foreign travel issued by Reich Interior Ministry [Germany]: “[…] II. Passports with validity for other countries shall not be issued to Jews. However the following exceptions can be made: 1. Emigrants. Passports for foreign travel can be issued to Jews if the passport is needed for emigration or for the preparation of it. […] 2. Travel serving the German economic interest. Passports for foreign travel can be issued to Jews if the Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the applicant’s company can confirm to the passport authorities upon request that the applicant has important international business relations and that the maintenance of these relations is for the German economic benefit. […] Berlin 16 November 1937 – The Reich Minister of Interior Heydrich.”
Digitales Archiv Marburg, Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/16/2015
ca. 1937
Decree issued by Reich Economics Ministry [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 27 November, 1937, a decree from the Reich Economics Ministry instructed supervisory bodies to grant absolute ‘priority’ to non-Jewish importers and to limit the quotas of Jewish importers correspondingly.”
Frank Bajohr: “‘Aryanisation’ in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of the Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany.” (2002) Orig. published in German in 1997; Online book; p. 175
ca. 1938
“Act XV of 1938” issued by Hungarian Government [Hungary] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Hungary did in fact adopt two major anti-Jewish laws before entering the war on the side of Germany, the first in 1938…Act XV of 1938 is known as the ‘first Jewish law’ despite earlier anti-Jewish legislation. Act XV was similar to the numerus clausus, but broader in scope, more discriminatory in language, and less ambiguous in intent. Whereas the 1920 legislation was confined to university admissions, this new law extended restrictions to journalism, film and fine arts, law, engineering, and medicine. In each case the proportion of Jews was not to exceed 20 percent. That this proportion is less draconian than the earlier restrictions is less an admission of the severity of the first numerus clausus than recognition of the potential economic harm to Hungary a lower threshold might pose. Unlike the earlier law, Act XV names Jews specifically as the target, and defines them in religious rather than racial terms.”
Wittenberg, Jason: “International Influences on anti-Jewish Legislation in Interwar Hungary.” berkeley.edu; p. 8
2) “In Hungary, the first step toward a ‘racial’ discrimination among Hungarian citizens was the so-called first Jewish Law of 1938. It stipulated that the proportion of Jews in the chamber of the press, in the chamber of the theater and film, in the chambers of lawyers, engineers and medical doctors as well as in the professional jobs of certain companies should not go beyond twenty percent.”
Molnar, Judit: “Gendarmes, Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews-New Findings on the Behavior of Hungarian Authorities During the Holocaust.” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3) “…the First…Jewish Law (May 1938)…statutes restricting Jews’ civil, business, and professional rights…”
Levy, Richard S.: “Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1.” (2005) p. 323
4) “On May 24, 1938, a month after Hitler’s annexation of Austria, the Hungarian parliament, in an effort to appease Hitler and prevent seizure of power by the Hungarian Nazis, enacted its first anti-Jewish law, prepared by the Horthy government, despite the bitter opposition of the Smallholders and Socialist parties and Bethlen’s conservative followers. The law limited employment of Jews in private business firms to 20 percent.”
Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) Online book; p. 462
Jan. 5, 1938
“Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Art. 1 1. Jews may be given only such given-names as are cited in the directives issued by the Ministry of Interior concerning the utili-zation of given-names. …Art. 2 1. In so far as the Jews are still using some other given-names different from those which are at their disposal according to Art. 1,-they are obliged to assume by the 1st January 1939, a second, additional given-name as follows; for males, the given-name Israel and for females the given-name Sara. 2. The person having to assume an additional forename according to para (1) is obliged to give a written notification in this matter to the registration office at which his birth, and mar-riage are registered. …Berlin, 17th, August 1938. Reichs Minister of the Interior : Representative, Dr. Stuckart. Reichs Minister of Justice : Dr. Guertner. TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 1676-PS”
“International Military Trials – Nürnberg, Document number 1409-PS through document number 2373-PS arranged numerically.” LOC.gov; Accessed online 11/20/2013
Jan. 8, 1938
Circular note on the Change and Determination of Family Names issued by the Reich Ministry of Interior [Germany]: “Article 7 (1) – If persons of German blood have a Jewish family name, applications to change the family name can be granted […]. (2) Applications of Jews and half-Jews to change their family name won’t be granted in general, because the name bearer might change the name in order to disguise his Jewish heritage.”
Ministerialblatt des Reichs- und Preussischen Ministeriums des Innern 1938, Column 69f., Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/8/2016
Individual Link
Jan. 22, 1938
“Law Nr. 169” Review of citizenships [Present-day Romania]: “Article 5. …Within 30 days from the publication of this law in the Official Gazette, municipal mayors will draw up a table of the Jews registered in the municipality’s nationality registers. A registration made based on the decision of an appeal committee or on a court ruling will be mentioned in the table. …Article 6. – Within 20 days from public posting, all those registered in the table or their successors …Article 22. – People registered in the registers concerning Jews who were granted citizenship rights must file, within 20 days from the publication of this law in the Official Gazette, the following documents with the court whose registers include the statement of nationality: …”
“Monitorul Oficial” KINGDOM OF ROMANIA OFFICIAL GAZETTE, Jan. 22, 1938, Courtesy Special Collections Department, The National Library of Romania, 6/23/2014
Feb. 1, 1938
Act to Amend the Income Tax Law issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Article 2 (4) For children, who are Jews, child reduction is not granted. […] Berlin 1 February 1938 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 99. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/20/2016
Individual Link
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 99. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/20/2016
Feb. 5, 1938
“Fourth Supplementary Decree to the Law on the Profession of an Auctioneer” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Article 1 – The law on the profession of an auctioneer of October 16, 1934 (RGBl I p.974) […] will be modified the following way: 1. In article 1, paragraph 2 the addendum ‘that are non-Jewish’ has to be added after ‘natural person’. […] Berlin 5 February 1938 – The Fuehrer and Reich chancellor Adolf Hitler; the Reich economy Minister Goering.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 115. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/17/2015
Feb. 6, 1938
Second Income Tax Implementation Regulation issued by the Ministry of Finance [Germany]: “Article 6 (11) The Marriage aid must not be paid to female workers who are Jews. (12) The exemption from income tax at childbirth does not apply when the children are Jews. Berlin 6 February 1938 – The Reich Finance Minister, signed for by Reinhardt”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 149. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/21/2016
Individual Link
Mar. 15, 1938
Decree issued by Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler [Germany / Occupied Austria]: “Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor concerning the Administration of the Oath to the Officials of the Province of Austria, March 15, 1938. …Section 3. The officials at present in office shall be sworn in forthwith in accordance with Section 2. Jewish officials shall not be sworn in. Section 4. A person is Jewish if he is descended from at least three racially full-blooded Jewish grandparents. A grandparent is automatically considered a full-blooded Jew if he belonged to the Jewish congregation. A Jewish half-breed descended from two full-blooded Jewish grandparents is considered a Jew: a. If he belonged to the Jewish congregation on September 16, 1935, or became a member of it thereafter. b. If he was married to a Jew on September 16, 1935, or entered into marriage with one thereafter. …Section 7. This decree shall enter into force on the day of its proclamation. Vienna, March 15, 1938. Adolf Hitler, Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2311-PS.” No author. Avalon.law; Accessed online 10/17/2012
Individual Link
Mar. 18, 1938
Nazi Weapons Law of 1938 issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Weapons Law18 March 1938 The German Government has adopted the following law, which is herewith announced: Section I. General Points. § 1 (1) Firearms, as defined in this law, are weapons from which a solid object may be driven through a barrel, by gas or air pressure. …§ 3 (1) Whoever desires professionally to manufacture, modify, or repair firearms or ammunition requires a license. …(5) The license must not be issued if the applicant – or if one of the persons proposed for the commercial or technical management of the business – is a Jew.”
“Gun Control: Gateway to Tyranny – Proof that U.S. Gun Law has Nazi Roots,” Aaron Zelman, contributions by Attorney Richard Stevens, published by Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership. Pages 62-83; Accessed online 11/20/2013
Mar. 28, 1938
“Law Concerning the Legal Status of the Jewish Religious Communities” issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Law Concerning the Legal Status of the Jewish Religious Communities The Reich Government has enacted the following law, which is promulgated herewith: 1) Jewish religious communal organizations and their roof organizations obtain legal standing by means of registration in the Register of Associations 2) At the end of March 31, 1938, Jewish religious organizations and their roof organizations will lose the status of Corporations under public law, insofar as they possessed such status up to the present time. From this date on they will be private Associations with legal status under civil law. Entry in the Register of Associations must be carried out…Berlin, March 28, 1938 The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler The Reich Minister for Church Affairs Kerrl The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick”
“Jewish Organizations Lose Legal Rights (March 28, 1938).” jewishvirtuallibrary.org, No author, Accessed online 7/28/2011
Apr. 12, 1938
Order on the Employment of Jewish Musicians issued by the Reich Ministry of Propaganda [Germany]: “[…] For Jewish dance events and festivities it is only allowed to hire Jewish musicians, who are members of the Reich Association of Jewish Culture Leagues and have the required authorization from the authorized Labour Office. For Jewish festivities, I generally reject the use of full-time musicians of Jewish cultural organizations, employed organists of Jewish Communities, or Jewish musicians, who work in other occupations.[…]”
Freeden, Herbert, Juedisches Theater in Nazideutschland, Tuebingen 1964, page 176, Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/31/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1938
Directive concerning Equity Sanctions for Real Estate Taxes issued by the Reich Ministry of the Interior [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews or Jewish organizations are not eligible to receive exemption from a property tax for their plots, except for burial places and under circumstances for hospitals.”
Walk Joseph, Das Sonderrecht fuer die Juden im NS-Staat (Heidelberg 1996) p. 447; Source of the original law: United Restitution Organization (URO) “Die Ausnahmegesetzgebung gegen Juden im Reich, den eingegliederten und besetzten Gebieten, sowie den im Einflussgebiet liegenden abhängigen Ländern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der wirtschaftlichen Diskriminierung 1933-1945;” Volume I; pp. 101-104
Apr. 22, 1938
“The Decree against the Camouflage of Jewish Firms” [Germany]: “’Decree against the Camouflage of Jewish Firms’ issued by Field Marshal General Goering [Germany]: Article 1- A German citizen, who assists for self-serving reasons to camouflage the Jewish character of a firm to mislead the public or the authorities will be punished with penitentiary, in less serious cases with imprisonment, but not less than a year, and with a fine. Article 2- Also anyone will get punished who concludes a legal transaction for a Jew and conceals the fact that he works for a Jew and thereby misleading the other part. Berlin 22 April 1938 – The Commissioner of the Four Year Plan Goering”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 404. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/19/2015
Apr. 26, 1938
“Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property” issued by Minister of Economy Hermann Goering [Germany]: “Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property of 26 April 1938…the following Is hereby decreed: Article 1 1. Every Jew (Article 5 of the First Regulation under the Reich Citizenship Law of 14 November 1935…) shall report and evaluate in accordance with the following instructions his entire domestic and foreign property and estate on the day when this decree goes into force. Jews of foreign citizenship shall report and evaluate only their domestic property. 2. The duty to report holds likewise for the non-Jewish marital partner of a Jew. 3. Every reporting person’s property must be given separately. … Berlin, 26 April 1938 The Deputy for the Four Year Plan Goering General Field Marshal The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick.”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Decree for reporting Jewish owned property…” Axishistory.com, No author. Accessed online 7/15/2011
May 19, 1938
First Executive Order on the Civil Status Law issued by the Minister of Justice [Germany]: “Article 2 – (b) Jews may not act as a witness at a wedding when the couple, who are to be married, are German nationals, of German or kindred blood as well as of second-degree mixed-blood. Berlin 19 Mai 1938 – The Minister of Justice, signed by Schlegelberger.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 538. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/1/2016
Individual Link
May 20, 1938
Decree issued by Reich Minister of Interior Wilhelm Frick [Germany / Occupied Austria]: “Decree Introducing the Nurnberg Racial Laws into the Land of Austria 20 May 1938…Section 3 The elimination of Jews from public offices which they hold on the effective date of this decree will be specially regulated. …”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2112-PS.” Avalon.law.yale.edu, No author, Accessed online 10/17/2012
Individual Link
ca. 1938
“Decree on the Restoration of the Austrian Civil Service” issued in Occupied Austria [Germany / Occupied Austria] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “May 31 [1938]: The Decree on the Restoration of the Austrian Civil Service dismisses civil servants who are Jewish, Mischlinge, or who are married to a Jew.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu; Online article
Individual Link
Jun. 9, 1938
Guidelines for the Approval of Guest Students at German Universities issued by the Reich Ministry of Education [Germany]: “Article 1 – 2. Jews […] who are of German nationality, cannot be admitted as guest students at German universities any longer. […] Berlin 9 June 1938- The Reich Minister for Science, Training and People’s Education, signed by Zschinzsch”
Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung – 4.1938, page 294. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/2/2015
Individual Link
Jun. 13, 1938
Decree Concerning Jewish pupils at Austrian schools issued by the Ministry of Interior [Germany / Occupied Austria]: “A. General principles: Jewish students are to be summarized at certain schools, that are designated for Jews only. Jewish students are not permitted to visit non-Jewish schools and vice versa, non-Jewish students are not allowed to visit Jewish schools. […] 13 June – The Minister of Internal and Cultural Affairs, Dr. Seyss – Inquart”
1939 Verordnungsblatt fuer den Dienstbereich des Oesterreichischen Unterrichtsministeriums, page 34. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/5/2016
Individual Link
Jun. 14, 1938
“Third Executive Order on the Reich Citizenship Law” issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “[…] Article 7 (1) – Jewish businesses are recorded in a register. The Minister of the Interior will determine the authorities, where this register will be kept. […] Article 17 – The Reich Minister of Economic Affairs is empowered – in consultation with the Reich Minister of the Interior and the deputy of the Fuehrer- to order, that businesses, which are registered in the list of Jewish businesses, have to display a distinctive sign. Berlin 14 June 1938 – The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick; the Deputy, of the Fuehrer Hess; the Reich Minister of Economic Affairs; the Reich Justice Minister Dr. Guertner.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 627. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/12/2015
Jun. 24, 1938
Regulation based on the Decree for the Reporting of Jewish Owned Property issued by the German Reich [Germany]: “Article 1 – The sale or lease of an industrial plant, a farm or a forestry enterprise and the granting of rights of use to such an operation requires the approval of a higher administrative authority when a Jew is involved as a contracting member. […] Berlin 26 April 1938 – The Deputy for the Four Year Plan, General Field Marshal Goering”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 415. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 1/28/2016
Individual Link
Jul. 6, 1938
Act amending the Trade Regulation Code of the German Reich issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Article 1 – […] For Jews and Jewish companies with their own legal personality, the operation of the following professions is prohibited: a. security service, b. financial consultation, c. dealing in land and property, d. brokerage for real-estates and loans, as well as the profession of a property manager, d. matchmaking, except for arranging a marriage between Jews, e. the profession of a tourist guide […] Berlin 6 July 1938 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 823. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/3/2016
Individual Link
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 823. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/3/2016
Jul. 15, 1938
Injunction 1023/2, issued by the City of Strobl [Austria]: “Jewish summer guests and visitors are unwelcome in Strobl. Jews are prohibited from using any public grounds, baths and similar facilities in the area of Strobl, without exception. […] This injunction refers to domestic as well as foreign Jews.”
Kloyber, C. & Wasmeier, C. Das Bürglgut: Von der Großbürgerlichkeit zur Restitution (The Bürgl Estate: From Grand Bourgeoisie to Restitution). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, 2011. P.322. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 9/14/2019
Individual Link
Kloyber, C. & Wasmeier, C. Das Bürglgut: Von der Großbürgerlichkeit zur Restitution (The Bürgl Estate: From Grand Bourgeoisie to Restitution). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, 2011. P.322. Researched by Dominik Jacobs 9/14/2019
Jul. 23, 1938
Third Announcement on the Identity Card Enforcement issued by Minister of Interior Wilhelm Frick [Germany]: “Article 1 – Jews […] who are German citizens, have to apply for an identity card with reference to their status as Jew at the responsible police department until 31 December 1938. For Jews who are born after the date of this announcement an application shall be made within three months after their birth. Article 2 – Jews older than 15 years have to proof their identity anytime upon official request by their identity card. Article 3 – As soon as they have received their identity card, Jews are obliged to identify themselves as Jews of their own accord for applications at official or Reich departments and shall give the place of issue and the identification number, or show their identity card voluntarily when requests are made in person. […] Berlin 23 July 1938 – The Reich Minister of Interior Frick.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 922, Accessed Online 10/24/2015, Translated by Franziska Wagener
Individual Link
Jul. 25, 1938
“Fourth Decree relative to the Reich Citizen Law” issued by Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “4th Decree relative to the Reich Citizen Law of 25 July 1938. …Section III. 1. Jews, whose appointment approval has expired and who have not received an authorization, by virtue of Section II, are forbidden to practice medicine. 2. A Jew who has received an authorization by virtue of Section II must, with the exception of his wife and legitimate children, only treat Jews…Whoever violates the regulations of Subsection I or II, either deliberately or carelessly, will be sentenced to one year of prison and a fine, or to either one of those punishments. Section IV. A Jew cannot be licensed as a physician. …Bayreuth July 25, 1938. The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick The Deputy of the Fuehrer R. Hess The Reich-Minister of Justice Dr. Guertner. The Reich-Minister of Finance by order: Reinhardt.”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Fourth Decree on the Citizenship Law.” axishistory.com, No author. Accessed online 10/12/2012
Individual Link
Jul. 27, 1938
Circular Note on Jewish Street Names issued by the Reich Ministry of Interior [Germany]: “(1) If it hasn’t already been done, streets or street parts named after Jews and half-Jews have to be renamed immediately. (3) The removed street signs with Jewish names on are not allowed to be left next to the new one for a longer time, as it is usual in other street renaming processes. They have to be removed immediately. […]”
Ministerialblatt des Reichs- und Preussischen Ministeriums des Innern 1938, Column 1284. Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/31/2016
Individual Link
Aug. 17, 1938
“The second decree for the execution of the law regarding the changes of the surnames and forenames…” issued by Reich Minister of the Interior Representative Dr. Stuckart [Germany]: “…Art. 1 1. Jews may be given only such given-names as are cited in the directives issued by the Ministry of Interior concerning the utilization of given-names. 2. Para. (1) is not applicable to Jews who are foreign citizens. Art. 2 1. In so far as the Jews are still using some other given-names different from those which are at their disposal according to Art. 1,-they are obliged to assume by the 1st January 1938, a second, additional given-name as follows; for males, the given-names Israel and for females the given-name Sara…Art. 3 As far as is customary in juridicial and business procedure to indicate the given-names, the Jews are obliged always to indicate at least one of their given-names. …Berlin, 17th, August 1938. Reichs Minister of the Interior: Representative, Dr. Stuckart. Reichs Minister of Justice: Dr. Guertner.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 1674-PS.” avalon.law.yale.edu, No author, Accessed online 7/14/2011
Sept. 6, 1938
Circular Note that excludes Jewish sales points from the acceptance of ration cards for fat and communal welfare vouchers issued by the Reich Labor Ministry [Germany]: “(1) Jewish sales points will be excluded from accepting coupons for cooking fat, ration cards for Margarine and communal welfare vouchers starting October 1, 1938. […]”
Ministerialblatt des Reichs- und Preussischen Ministeriums des Innern 1938, Column 1511.Translated by Franziska Wagener 3/31/2016
Individual Link
Sept. 7, 1938
Royal Decree of Law September 7, 1938 – XVI [Italy]: “Measures with Regard to Foreign Jews VICTOR EMMANUEL III BY THE GRACE OF GOD AND BY THE WILL OF THE NATION KING OF ITALY EMPEROR OF ETHIOPIA We have decreed and decree: Art. 1. From the publication of the present decree it is prohibited to Jewish foreigners to establish permanent residence in the Kingdom, in Lybia or in the Possessions of the Aegean. Art. 2. As a result of the present decree, a person is considered Jewish who was born of two parents of Jewish race, even if he professes a religion other than the Jewish. Art. 3. The concessions of Italian citizenship given to Jewish foreigners later than January 1, 1919 are to be understood as revoked in every effect. Art. 4. Jewish foreigners who, at the date of publication of the present decree, find themselves in the Kingdom, in Lybia or in the Possessions of the Aegean and who took up residence there later than January 1, 1919 must leave the territory of the Kingdom, Lybia and the Possessions of the Agean, within six months of the date of publication of the present decree. Those who have not complied with this obligation within the aforementioned deadline will be expelled from the Kingdom in accordance with Art. 150 of the single text of the laws of P.S., upon the application of the penalties established by the law. Art. 5. The controversies that might arise from the application of the present decree will be resolved, on a case by case basis, with the decree of the Ministry for the Interior, issued in concert with the relevant Ministers. Such a decree is not subject to any administrative or jurisdictional burden (tax). The present decree will be enforced beginning on the day of its publication in the Gazzetta Ufficiale and will be presented to the Parliament to be converted into law. The Duce, the Minister for the Interior, proponent, is authorized to present the relevant bill. We order that the present decree, signed with the seal of the State, be inserted in the official collection of laws and decrees of the Kingdom of Italy, handing it over to whoever is responsible to ensure its observance. Given at San Rossore, September 7, 1938-Year XVI: Victor Emmanuel, Musssolini”
ANED Nazionale (Associazione Nazionale Ex-Deportati Nei Campi Nazisti), (National ANED National Association Ex-Deported in Nazi Fields); deportati.it; Accessed online; Researched and Translated by Michael De Sapio 7/2/2018
Individual Link
Sept. 23, 1938
Royal Decree-Law 23 September 1938-XVI, n. 1630 Institution of primary schools for children of the Jewish race [Italy]: “…We have decreed and decree: Art. 1 For the children of the Jewish race are established at the expense of the State Special sections of primary school in the town where the number of them will not be less than ten. Its teachers may be of the Jewish race. … Art. 3 In primary schools for the children of the Jewish race they are adopted textbooks State, with appropriate adjustments, approved by the Ministry of Education. The costs are paid by the Jewish community. … Given at St. Flushing, this day of September 23, 1938 – Year XVI Victor Emmanuel Mussolini – Bottai – Of Revel … Acts of the Government, the register 402, sheet 109. – Mancini.” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,” CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
Individual Link
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,” CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
Sept. 27, 1938
Fifth Decree of the German Civil Law issued by German government [Germany]: “…Article I. Elimination of the Jews from the Bar (Attorneyship). Section 1. Jews are excluded from the profession of a lawyer. In as much as Jews are still lawyers they are to be eliminated from the bar pursuant to the following provisions : …Signatories :The Fuehrer and Reich-Chancellor, Adolf Hitler. The Reich Minister of Justice Dr. Guertner. The Reich Minister of Interior Frick. The Deputy, of the Fuehrer R. Hess. The Reich Minister of Finance (in the name of Reinhardt).”
“Anti-Semitic Legislation; Fifth decree to law relating to the Reich citizenship.” axishistory.com, No author, Accessed online 11/29/2012
Individual Link
Sept. 28, 1938
First Regulation on the Profession of Nursing and the Establishment of Nursing Schools issued by the Reich Ministry of Interior [Germany]: “Article 20 (1) – Jews are only allowed to work as a nurse when taking care of other Jews or working in Jewish institutions. (3) Jewish nurses can only be trained at Jewish nursing schools. Those schools are not allowed to educate people of German or kindred blood. […] Berlin 28 September 1938, The Minister of Interior, Frick.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1310. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/5/2016
Individual Link
ca. 1938
Ban on Jewish Immigration [Columbia] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) In 1934 the Chamber of Commerce instigated an active anti-immigration propaganda. The press voiced its unanimous opposition to aliens, and in October 1938 the government passed new laws directed especially against Jews. In 1939 immigration ceased completely, and between 1945 and 1950 only 350 Jews entered the country.
“Jews in Colombia;” am-sur.com
Oct. 5, 1938
“Law on Passports of Jews” issued by Reich Minister of Interior [Germany]: “…Article 1 (1) All German passports of Jews (Article 5 of the first law to the Reich citizenship of 14 November 1935…) … who reside in the Reich area, become invalid. (1.2) The holders of the passports, mentioned in section (1), are obliged to hand in these passports to the passport authority within Germany, … For Jews who are staying abroad at the time of publication of this law, this period of two weeks begins with the day of their re-entry into the Reich area. (3) The passports, made out to be valid abroad, will become valid again if they are marked with a sign designated by the Reich Minister of the Interior, which will mark the holder as a Jew. …Berlin, 5 October 1938. The Reich Minister of the Interior By order Dr. Best.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2120-PS,” No author, Accessed online at avalon.law.yale.edu 7/14/2011
Oct. 6, 1938
Decree on “the Admission of Jews to the Health Insurance” issued by Reich Minister of Labor [Germany]: “[…] Article 1 – Upon expiration of the approval of Jewish doctors in accordance with Article 1 of the Fourth Ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Law of 25 July 1938 (Reichsgesetzblatt I, p. 969), their entry in the register of medical practitioners and their admission will expire as well. Article 2 – (1) Jews who are allowed to practice medicine precariously according to Article 2 of the Fourth Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law may take part in the care provided under health insurance for insured Jewish patients and their family members only with permission from the Reich Panel Doctors’ Association. The authorization is revocable at any time. (2) As long as Jews exercise a professional activity due to a permission according to paragraph (1) they are under the authority of the Reich Panel Doctors’ Association in the same way as doctors. The physicians association can govern their rights and obligations notwithstanding the general rules, if special circumstances require it. […] Berlin 6 October 1938 – The Reich Minister of Labor His Deputy: Dr. Krohn.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1391. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 10/26/2015
Individual Link
Oct. 7, 1938
Order Regarding the Entry of Jewish Refugees issued by Prime Minister Konoe Fumimaro [Japan]: “[…] The number of Jews who wish to enter our country is constantly increasing. The entry of refugees of that kind – meaning Jewish refugees, but towards foreign countries they will just be described as refugees in general – to Japan and our colonies is unwanted. The entry of those refugees to Japan shall be prevented in the future. […] This shall not be mentioned towards foreign countries.”
Martin Kaneko, Die Judenpolitik der Japanischen Reichsregierung, Berlin 2008, page 25. Translated by Franziska Wagener 4/15/2016
Individual Link
Oct. 26, 1938
Law to expel issued by German government [Germany]: “Telephone Instructions to Expel Polish Jews from Germany enacted by the Head of the Legal Department [Germany]: […] Therefore the Jews of Polish nationality, who are located in Germany, will be expelled as a precaution from the Reich immediately in the shortest possible time. […] Berlin 26 October 1938 – Signed by Gauz”
Akten zur deutschen auswaertigen Politik, 1918 – 1945, series D, volume 5, page 93. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 11/19/2015
Oct. 31, 1938
First Regulation amending the Civil Tax Law issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Article 1 (4) – For children who are Jews, children discount from the citizen tax won’t be granted any longer. Berlin 31 October 1938 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler.”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1545. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/9/2016
Individual Link
Nov. 10, 1938
Order issued by Reinhard Heydrich [Germany]: “Regards: Measures against Jews tonight…a) Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize German life or property (for instance, burning of synagogues only if there is no danger of fires for the neighbourhoods). b) Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police have been instructed to supervise the execution of these directives and to arrest looters. c) In Business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish establishments will be safeguarded at all cost against damage…As soon as the events of this night permit the use of the designated officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy ones, as the local jails will hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially only healthy male Jews, not too old, are to be arrested. After the arrests have been carried out the appropriate concentration camp is to be contacted immediately with a view to a quick transfer of the Jews to the camps…”
“Kristallnacht Order.” fcit.usf.edu, No author, Accessed online 12/6/2012
Individual Link
Nov. 11, 1938
Order issued by Minister of Interior [Germany]: “Regulations Against Jews’ Possession of Weapons, 11 November 1938. …§1 Jews (§5 of the First Regulations of the German Citizenship Law of 14 November 1935, Reichsgesetzblatt I, p. 1333) are prohibited from acquiring, possessing, and carrying firearms and ammunition, as well as truncheons or stabbing weapons. Those now possessing weapons and ammunition are at once to turn them over to the local police authority. §2 Firearms and ammunition found in a Jew’s possession will be forfeited to the government without compensation. …Berlin, 11 November 1938 Minister of the Interior, Frick.”
“A Gun Control Law Passed by the German Government One Day After Kristallnacht.” constitutionalistnc.tripod.com, No author, Accessed on 11/29/2012
Individual Link
Nov. 12, 1938
Decree issued by the Minister of Economy, Hermann Goering [Germany]: “1. All damage to Jewish businesses or dwellings on 8, 9 or 10 November 1938 through the indignation of the people over the agitation of the international Jews against national Socialist Germany, must be repaired at once by the Jewish occupant or Jewish businessman. …2. The hostile attitude of Jewry towards the German people and Reich, which does not even shrink from committing cowardly murder, requires harsh atonement. Therefore I make the following order: the payment of a contribution of 1,000,000,000 Reichmarks to German Reich has been imposed on the Jews of German nationality as a whole. 3. From January 1st, 1939, on, a Jew cannot remain a businessman any longer. If a Jew has been a leading employee in a business enterprise, he will be dismissed after six months notice.”
“Consequences of Kristallnacht.” historylearningsite.co.uk, Chris Trueman, December 2011, Accessed online article 5/15/2011
Nov. 15, 1938
Circular Decree “Education of Jewish Children” issued by Reich Ministry of Education [Germany]: “After the heinous murderous deed of Paris it can’t be expected of German teachers any longer to teach Jewish children. It’s a matter of course as well that it’s intolerable for German students to sit in the same classroom with Jews. Although racial segregation has already been performed in the past few years in general, a remainder of Jewish students have stayed in German schools until now. A Joint school attendance with German boys and girls can’t be permitted to those remaining students anymore. Subject to further legal regulations, I therefore order with immediate effect: 1. Jews are not permitted to visit German schools. They are allowed to attend Jewish schools only. As far as it hasn’t already happened, all Jewish students that currently attend a German school have to be dismissed immediately.[…] Berlin 15 November 1938 – The Reich Minister for Science, Training and People’s Education Signed for by Zschinzsch.”
Deutsche Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung 1938, page 520f, Accessed on 10/26/2015, Translated by Franziska Wagener
Individual Link
Nov. 16, 1938
Law on the Deprivation of the Right to Wear a Uniform issued by Adolf Hitler [Germany]: “Jews […], who belonged to the old or new German Armed Forces, the Austrian-Hungarian Army or the Austrian Federal Army and obtained the right to wear a uniform, will hereby be deprived of this right. Berlin 16 November 1938 – The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler […]”
1938 Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 1611. Accessed online; Translated by Franziska Wagener 2/10/2016
Individual Link