“The Laws for the Defense of the Race” issued by Italian Government [Italy]: “…Milan, November 11, 1938 …First Chapter Mixed marriages: Italian citizens may not marry members of the Hamitic, Semitic, or non-Aryan races; …Second Chapter Definition of the Jewish race: The following are considered to be of the Jewish race: a person born from two Jewish parents; a person born of Jewish fathers and foreign (Aryan) mothers; a person born of mixed marriages who professes the Jewish religion, but not those who, as of 1 October 1938, profess another religion. Servants and Jews: All those of the Jewish race may not have in any way Aryans as their servants in the house and as their employees. Third Chapter … Foreign Jews: It is forbidden to the foreigners of the Jewish race to settle in Italy, Libya or in the colonial possessions in the Aegean; the Italian citizenship granted to Jewish foreigners after January 1, 1919 will have to be considered as revoked…For the protection of the Italian schools: accordingly to this legal measure, all those of the Jewish race are forbidden to work and study in Public and Private Italian schools and the legal measure applies to all school ranks…”
“The Laws for the Defense of the Race (November 11, 1938).” jewishvirtuallibrary.org, No author, Accessed online 7/21/2011
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Nov. 21, 1938
Royal Decree – November 21, 1938-XVII, no. 2154 Amendments to the statute of the National Fascist Party [Italy]: “… Sole Article Article. 8 of the Statute of the National Fascist Party, approved by Decree R-XVI April 28, 1938, n. 513, is replaced by the following: ‘The Italian citizenship is a necessary condition for membership in the PNF ‘They can not be enrolled in the PNF Italian citizens, in accordance with the law, are considered Jewish race. … Given in Rome, this day of November 21, 1938-XVII Victor Emmanuel Mussolini … Acts of the Government, the register 406, sheet 35. – Mancini.” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,” CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
ca. 1938
“Jewish Dress Code” Issued by Hans Frank [Germany / Occupied Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Hans Frank ordered all Jewish Poles above the age of 11 years in German-occupied Poland to wear white armbands with a blue Star of David.
“Yellow badge;” wikipedia.org
Nov. 28, 1938
Nov. 29, 1938
Dec. 2, 1938
Dec. 3, 1938
“Order Concerning the Utilization of Jewish Property” issued by Reich Minister of Economic Affairs [Germany]: “Order concerning the Utilization of Jewish Property of 3 December 1938…Article 1 The owner of a Jewish industrial enterprise…may be ordered to sell or liquidate the enterprise within a definite time. Certain conditions may be stipulated in the order. …Article 6 A Jew…may be ordered to sell wholly or partly his land or forest enterprise, his other land or forest properties, his other real estate or other properties within a definite time…Article 7 1. Jews cannot legally acquire real estate and mortgages…3. At the foreclosure of real estate, the court ordering such sale must reject bids if there is reason to suspect that the bidder is a Jew… Article 8 1. Jews require authorization to dispose of real estate and mortgages. …Article 10 1. If a Jew sells a piece of land which is situated within the confines of Berlin, the Reich Capital Berlin has a right of pre-emption …Article 11 1. Within a week after this decree goes into effect, Jews must deposit all their stocks, shares in mines, bonds, and similar securities at a foreign exchange bank. …Article 12 The disposing of securities deposited as Jewish, as well as the release of such securities require the consent of the Reich Minister of economics or an authority named by him… Jews are forbidden to acquire, pawn or sell objects of gold, platinum or silver as well as precious stones and pearls …Berlin, 3 December 1938 Reich Minister of Economic Affairs Walter Funk Reich Minister of Interior Frick.”
“Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 1409-PS.” No author, Accessed online at yale.edu 9/7/2011
Dec. 6, 1938
Dec. 8, 1938
Dec. 9, 1938
Dec. 12, 1938
Dec. 14, 1938
Dec. 21, 1938
Dec. 22, 1938
Royal Decree-Law – December 22, 1938-XVII, no. 2111 Provisions relating to placement on leave absolute and for pensions to the military personnel of the armed forces of the Jewish race [Italy]: ” … Art. 1 The officers serving with the Royal Army, the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force, the Royal financial police and militia for national security, belonging to the Jewish race, other than those referred to in art. 4, are exempt from service in accordance with art. 20 of the Royal Decree-Law of November 17, 1938-XVII, number 1728, and placed on leave ever. … Victor Emmanuel Mussolini – Solmi – Of Revel … Acts of the Government, the register 406, sheet 12. – Mancini.” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,” CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online8/26/2015
Dec. 23, 1938
Dec. 31, 1938
Jan. 17, 1939
Feb. 9, 1939
Royal Decree-Law – Feb. 9, 1939-XVII, no. 126 Implementing rules and integration of the provisions of art. R. 10 of the decree-law on Nov. 17, 1938-XVII, no. 1728, on the limits of real estate and industrial and commercial activities for Italian citizens of Jewish race [Italy]: ” … Art. 1 The limitations of the real property, established by art. 10, d) and e) of R. decree-law on Nov. 17, 1938-XVII, no. 1728 are determined by accumulating separately the land and buildings of urban sites in the territory of the Kingdom and making up the real estate assets of Italian citizens of Jewish race to the date of entry into force of this decree. … Art. 4 The part of the real estate in excess of the permitted limits for Italian citizens of Jewish race, to be transferred indicated in the Entity. 11 in accordance with the provisions of this decree. … Victor Emmanuel Mussolini – The Revel … Acts of the Government, the register 406, sheet 32. – Mancini.” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,“ CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
Feb. 17, 1939
Feb. 21, 1939
Mar. 3, 1939
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 16 March 1939 (i.e. one day after the invasion by Germany) Jewish lawyers were forbidden to practice, all Jewish employees in public administration, establishments and institutions, incl. courts and schools, were relieved of their duties. Jews are excluded from being any of the following: teachers and lecturers at secondary schools or others connected with schools with public access except for schools exclusively allocated for Jews, membership of public scientific institutions, learned societies, magistracy, assessors at patent tribunals, assessors at labour tribunals, assessors at courts of arbitration, sworn experts, members of juries or youth courts, notaries, translators, experts witnesses, public guardians, notaries, civil engineers, authorised mining engineers, employed by the stock exchange. Jews cannot be lawyers (solicitors’ clerks), defenders in criminal cases and patent attorneys. They cannot bedoctors, veterinary surgeon, pharmaceutical chemists, practicing artists (in theatres or the film industry, editors except for periodicals specifically directed at Jews. Jews are not permitted to participate in the political life or be members of associations. Jewish doctors may only treat Jewish patients.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1939
ca. 1939
Mar. 25, 1939
Mar. 27, 1939
Mar. 29, 1939
Apr. 30, 1939
ca. 1939
1) “Act IV of 1939, the second Jewish law, was detailed and draconian, and I only summarize it here. First, it revived a racial definition of Jewishness, though with some narrow provision for some Christian converts. Second, it lowered the maximum representation in the professions from 20 percent (in the first Jewish law) to 6 percent, the estimated Jewish proportion in the population. Third, it expanded the number of sectors where discrimination was legalized, which now included, among others, land holding, licenses for trade, and salaries. Fourth, unlike previous legislation, it introduced outright exclusions. Jews whose families had immigrated to Hungary after 1867 no longer had the right to vote or serve in parliament. Jews could no longer serve in the upper house of parliament unless it was as one of the designated representatives of the Jewish community. They could no longer serve as editors, publishers or directors, except for exclusively Jewish publications. Finally, the law added provisions for the protection of ‘national’ property in anticipation of Jewish emigration.”
Wittenberg, Jason: “International Influences on anti-Jewish Legislation in Interwar Hungary.” witty.berkeley.edu/Hungary; p. 8.
Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) Online book; p. 462
Molnar, Judit: “Gendarmes, Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews-New Findings on the Behavior of
Hungarian Authorities During the Holocaust.” jewishvirtuallibrary.com
ca. 1939
9th Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Individual LinkMay 8, 1939
May 24, 1939
ca. 1939
Jun. 16, 1939
Jun. 21, 1939
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “By the order of the government of 23.06.1939 the regulation concerning an emigration tax was passed. The emigration tax is 25% of the net worth of property.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
Jun. 29, 1939
Jul. 4, 1939
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jewish pupils were excluded from German secondary schools. In Czech schools only 4% of the total number of pupils was permitted to be Jewish.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
Jul. 13, 1939
Law – 13 July 1939-XVII, no. 1024 Additional regulations of the Royal Decree-Law of 17 November 1938-XVII, no. 1728 on the defense of the Italian race [Italy]: “ … Art. 1 Subject to the provisions of Articles 8 and 26 of the Royal Decree-Law 17 November 1938-XVII, no. 1728; converted into the Law of 5 January, 1939, n. 274, is on the faculty of the Minister for the interior of the state, with the assent of the Commission under Article. 2, do not belong to the Jewish race also in contravention of the results of the acts of civil status. … Victor Emmanuel Mussolini – Solmi” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,“ CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “… the Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia ordered the establishment of a central office for Jewish emigration.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1939
“Ban on Jews to Attend Public Schools” [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “After 30 July 1939, Jews were no longer permitted to attend German public schools at all, and the prior quota law was eliminated by a non-public regulation in January 1940.”
A. G. v. Olenhusen: Die “nichtarischen” Studenten an den deutschen Hochschulen. Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 14 (1966), pp. 175–206
ca. 1939
Order issued by President of German Lottery [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “1939 August 1 The President of the German Lottery forbids the sale of lottery tickets to Jews.”
“Part II: Selected Documents Showing Key Legal Mechanisms used to Implement the Nazi Agenda.” ushmm.org
ca. 1939
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Long list of public amenities, parks, restaurants, museums, closed to Jews. Proprietors to put up signs ‘Entry forbidden to Jews’. The owners of public baths were ordered to have compartments set aside specifically for persons of Jewish descent and to signpost them as such. If that was not possible users of Jewish descent were to be segregated in time from users of non-Jewish descent. Bathing and lingering in state swimming pools is forbidden to Jews. Signs to be put up with The words ‘Entry forbidden to Jews’. Jewish proprietors of guest houses, wine bars, coffee houses, etc. are to display the sign ‘Jewish enterprise’.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Curfew. Jews were forbidden to be out of doors after 20:00 hours. This prohibition was broadcast by word of mouth by the employees of the Jewish community offices.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1939
Sept. 21, 1939
ca. 1939
ca. 1939
ca. 1939
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Removal of Polish Nationals. By Transportation.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
Oct. 8, 1939
Lemkin, Raphael: “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress.” pp. 502-503
ca. 1939
1) “Jews may not deal in textiles or processed leathers.”
ca. 1939
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not own radios or enter movie theaters. Jewish teachers may not teach in Polish schools.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1939
1) “By the order dealing with the dismissal of Jewish employees it is declared that contracts of employment containing a period of notice are changed to six weeks from the first of any month. All rights to claims for entitlement to pensions, compensations, severance, are extinguished. A once-only severance pay of a maximum of half a year’s salary can be paid.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
Oct. 24, 1939
Oct. 26, 1939
Nov. 15, 1939
ca. 1939
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “A curfew imposed on all Jews in Warsaw from five o’clock.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Nov. 20, 1939
Nov. 23, 1939
Nov. 30, 1939
ca. 1939
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not enter the central post office.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1939
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “All Jewish schools and educational institutions are closed.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Dec. 11, 1939
Dec. 12, 1939
Dec. 16, 1939
ca. 1939
1) “Jews may not use Polish porters and may not own telephones.”
ca. 1939
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “All Jews must declare all the property in their possession or ownership.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
“Expulsion of all Jews from Schools and Universities” [Romania] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “At the beginning of the pro-Nazi regime of Ion Antonescu in 1940, all Jewish students were officially expelled from the schools and universities. This was also the fate of the Jewish workers in the private economic sector.”
“Numerus Clausus;” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Jan. 1, 1940
ca. 1940
“Jewish Ban on Posting Obituaries” [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The ‘Generalgouvernement’ of Poland issues a decree excluding Jews from posting obituaries.”
“The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 – 1945);” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
1) “All Jews between the ages of 12 and 60 are sent to camps for re-education.”
Jan. 24, 1940
Jan. 26, 1940
ca. 1940
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jewish enterprises, including workshops, had to register their total inland and foreign property value as of 31.12.39. Acc. to para.4 Jews had until 15.03.40 to register shares in their possession as interests and other involvements. The same applied to a spouse of a Jew.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1940
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not travel by train between cities in Poland.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
ca. 1940
Mar. 1, 1940
ca. 1940
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews had two weeks to deposit their shares, fixed-interest bonds and similar stocks and shares in a depository of the Foreign Exchange Bank. The same regulations also apply to items made of gold, platinum or silver, as well as to precious stones and pearls.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
Apr. 6, 1940
ca. 1940
1) “Jews may not open bookstores.”
ca. 1940
“Secret oder by the High Command of the Armed” [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Secret order by the High Command of the Armed Forces: Discharge persons of mixed blood and husbands of Jewish women.”
“The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 – 1945);” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Nov. 24, 1939 – 5/6/1940 (verify date)
ca. 1940
1) “The Norwegian Police was asked by the German Security Police to confiscate all radios in Jewish possession. Norwegian Police did so without any objection.”
ca. 1940
Internment of Aliens [England] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “In May 1940 the government decided to intern most adult enemy aliens including Jewish refugees.”
Raphael Langham: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 89
ca. 1940
May 18, 1940
May 23, 1940
Law – 23 May 1940-XVIII, n. 587 Grant of a bonus in addition to the board to state employees for which is expected to dismissal, exempt from service in the execution of the decree-law R. Nov. 17, 1938-XVII, no. 1728, until reaching the maximum age limit for retirement [Italy]: ” … Sole Article Employees of State Administration, which is scheduled for the dismissal, exempt from service in accordance with art. 20 of the Royal Decree-Law of November 17, 1938-XVII, no. 1728, converted into the Law of 5 January, 1939, n. 274, because they belong to the Jewish race and entitled to a pension shall be granted, up to the age limit stipulated by the relevant place to the retirement and, in any case, not more than four years, in addition to treatment retirement benefits, an allowance equal to the difference between the salary of which were provided at the time of the pantry and the pension paid. … Victor Emmanuel Mussolini – The Revel” [Editor’s note: Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.]
“The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy,“ CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online 8/26/2015
ca. 1940
1) “By order of the Reichsprotektor the keeping of pigeons of any sort, even temporarily, is prohibited.”
ca. 1940
Regulation for the Execution of the 5th Act of the Reich Citizenship Law [Germany] [Unconfirmed]
Individual Link
Jun. 28, 1940
ca. 1940
“German Order of Lodz” [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “German authorities order that Lodz ghetto be sealed off, confining at least 160,000 people in the ghetto. From then on, all Jews living in Lodz had to reside in the ghetto and could not leave Germany without authorization.”
“The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 – 1945);” jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
1) “Jews not permitted on Prague’s steamships.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1940
Prague [Czech Republic] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews are not permitted to use taxis.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
ca. 1940
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not mail letters abroad.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
Warsaw [Poland] [Unconfirmed]
Commentary from other sources:
1) “All Jewish-owned printing shops are closed.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
1) “Jews may not enter parks, municipal areas and specified streets in the center of Warsaw and may not sit on public benches.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
ca. 1940
1) “Jews permitted to shop only during 11:00 to 13:00 and 15:00 to 16:30hrs. This ‘shopping period’ is to be notified to shops.”