Acts – Page 88 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 22, 1758
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Proclamation No. XXXIV that foreign Jews are to be watched and unidentified Jews to be stopped" issued by Royal Prussian Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	It has been noticed that a lot of Jews have been spotted in the country due to the various invasions by the Russian troops, and that those unknown Jews could turn out to be spies, or have other associations with the enemy and criminals. Hence, all court authorities are required to look out for foreign Jews and to stop all unidentified Jews and not allow them to enter into the country. Those foreign and unidentified Jews that are caught in the country are to be taken to the nearest fortress and placed under forced labor. This proclamation is to be posted in all villages, cities and gates.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünfter Theil. (Berlin 1740), Pages 305-306.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 2, 1758
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regulation regarding which trade branches Jews have access to and from which they have been banned” issued by the General Director of the Kurmarkt Government
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	In response to the local merchant communities’ request [addressed to the General Director of Kurmarkt] that Jews should be prohibited from trading with (Russian) leathers, foreign tallow, or from working in the freight forwarding business (“Speditionshandel”), and prohibited to buy or sell any item that is made out of wool or tobacco, … it is ultimately decided that even though Jews are allowed to trade with leather, tallow, and with items partially or entirely made out of wool that are fabricated in the county; the same is true for locally made tobacco products. However, it is decided that Jews are strictly banned from all freight forwarding businesses [Speditionshalden = In & Exporting] and from buying and selling butter.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 307 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 7, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General [Order]” (‘Generale’) issued by Frederick Augustus, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, Duke of Lithuania
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] Since it has been reported to us that Jews in various areas/places in the country/domain exchange good gold- and silver-coins into inferior kinds of coins to the disadvantage of Our other subjects and engage in usurious trade [which we wish to curtail …] that is why it is our desire that you keep a close eye on transient (traveling/passing through) Jews or those are presently in your districts and to not permit them to illegally peddle and such or [to engage in] illegal money-exchange […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Restrictions on the purchase of goods.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Ansbach
4. Text of Act	The foreign Jews are not entitled to benefit from the aforementioned special grace granted to the Jews here in their dealings in goods in the principality, and therefore the foreign Jews are neither permitted to take part in such dealings in goods, nor shall they be permitted to act as purchasers of such properties from the local Jews under any secret arrangement.
5. Source	“Kaufhandlohn von Guterlaufen der Juden, 1759 [Purchase Price of Jewish Goods, 1759],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 113-114, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated into English using Google translate and chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 6, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript concerning the trading of cattle by Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	[Jews are] prohibited from buying and selling cattle.
5. Source	A. L. Reyscher (ed.), “Vollständige, Historisch und Kritisch Bearbeitete Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze [Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws],” Volume 6, Tübingen, 1835, p. 581, available online from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 11, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript concerning the forbidden purchase of cattle by Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	The purchase of cattle by Jews, such as oxen, rams and sheep, should be completely forbidden without special dispensation, except at the annual markets, [where it] should only be permitted in moderation.
5. Source	A. L. Reyscher (ed.), “Vollständige, Historisch und Kritisch Bearbeitete Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze [Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws],” Volume 6, Tübingen, 1835, p. 570, available online from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition Against Purchase of Relics by Jews at Auction,” decree issued by the government of Lower Austria to the Magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Crucifixes, likenesses, holy relics and similar items worthy of worship are likely to be dishonored after being sold to the Jewdom; therefore, they may not be sold to the Jewdom. However, if these items are adorned with precious stones or framed in precious metals, they may be sold to the highest-bidding Jew, if and only after the sacred portion of the item in question has been removed from their adornment or frame. Should it be impossible to remove the likeness or relic from its frame or adornment without violating the sacred item, it shall be forbidden to sell and transfer that item to a Jew.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 355. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 14, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict Number 191 issued by King Fredrick II
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews are not allowed to establish private worship practices and those who violate paragraph 30 of the General [Jewish] Privilege are to be fined 10 Taler. Also, since the sight of worshipers assembled in a synagogue is offensive and objectionable, synagogues are not to be built without an explicit permission from His Royal Majesty. Finally, all rituals and ceremonies are to take place in back buildings [away from the public eye].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) p. 311 ff
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Senate Protocol of Hamburg regarding the expulsion of “immoral” Jewish women from the city.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	Both the Jewish maidens who have given birth to illegitimate children and those loose women who are evidently and notoriously leading an immoral life, or who are found on the streets at night with the intent of engaging in such activities, should be promptly expelled from the city and its territory.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1751 bis 1762 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1751 to 1762,]” Volume 4, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, pp. 2153-2154, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate and chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” for Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
4. Text of Act	[…] The trade with low-quality coins/money is prohibited. […] Anyone who catches a Jew who is trading with low-quality coins and reports him [to the authorities] is entitled to one-fourth of that Jews wealth/assets.
5. Source	Mitteilungen des Gesamtarchivs der Deutschen Juden. Herausgegeben von Eugen Täubler. Vierter Jahrgang. (“Communications of the Complete Archive of German Jew. Edited by Eugen Täubler. Fourth Edition.”); (Leipzig; 1914)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research Translation 2018
8. Notes	Researcher This edict was hung up at all local synagogues to serve as a warning to all local and foreign Jews. Although the source does not specify who this prohibition was issued by, it could be surmised that it was decreed by Clemens August of Bavaria who was the Prince-Bishop of Paderborn between 1719-61.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 13, 1759
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jewish Ordinance issued by Bishop Ludwig Constantins
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	Art. I. Those Jews currently domiciled in the Towns, Lands and Lordships of our Bishopric, without being provided with express Patents signed by Us, or by our Predecessors shall be required to present themselves before Us within a period of two months,… on pain of being expelled from the said Lands and Lordships, and we forbid under the same penalties all other Jews from establishing themselves there in the future, and under any pretext whatsoever, without our said Letters. … Art. II. Those who have obtained, or who will obtain in the future, Letters Patent to establish themselves in the Lands of our Bishopric, may not, without our express Permission, remain elsewhere, than in the places mentioned in said Letters, under penalty of being deprived and forfeited of the benefit thereof. Art. III. We prohibit Jews who marry in our territories and lordships from residing there for more than three months without having obtained our Letters Patent, under penalty of being expelled from said territories and lordships, and a fine of twenty livres against the newlyweds, as well as a similar fine of twenty livres against their fathers and mothers, or any others who may have given them refuge. Art. IV. We also forbid Jews domiciled in our said Lands and Lordships from giving shelter to any foreign Jew for more than two days, without having obtained permission from the Officers or Supervisors of the place, under penalty of a fine of twelve pounds. Art. V. The said Jews may not build or erect Synagogues or public Schools in the Towns and Villages, where there are none up to now: we only allow them to celebrate in the interior of their houses … without disturbing or inconveniencing the Christians. Art. VI. We forbid them to engage in any commerce or traffic on Sundays or Feasts; we enjoin them not to gather in the streets and to remain confined to their homes during the times of Divine Service and Parish Processions. …. Art. VII. The said Jews may not celebrate any weddings among themselves without first informing our bailiffs and receivers, under penalty of a fine of twelve livres and without having asked their permission, which may not be refused. Art. VIII. Similarly, the said Jews may not acquire in the Lands and dependencies of the Jurisdiction of our Bishopric any Goods, lands, meadows, vineyards, or other, with the exception of adjoining houses and gardens, which they may need for their relations only;… Art. XI. The said Jews may not maintain in our said Lands and Lordships a greater quantity of livestock than that which they will need for the subsistence of their families, so that our subjects do not suffer any prejudice or reduction in their pastures. … Art. XIII. The said Jews shall be required to pay Us annually, a Protection Fee set at thirty-six Livres tournois per year for each family;… the Community of the Jews residing in our said Lands and Lordships shall be required, under the clause of solidity, to provide and deliver to Us each year a Horse for our use. Art. XIV. The Officers of the said Jews will be required, under penalty of a fine of twenty pounds, to send Us every year in the month of January a general, exact and detailed list of all Jewish families established in our Towns, Lands and Lordships, Bailiwick by Bailiwick, in which list express mention will be made of those who may have established themselves there without Patents or permission. … Art. XVII. We make very express inhibitions and prohibitions to the said Jews to kill any beasts, to sell and trade them in our said Lands and Lordships, under penalty of a fine of twenty livres; we allow them nevertheless, when they are more than four families in the same place, and not otherwise, to kill the cattle which will be necessary for their subsistence and consumption only,… Art. XVIII. We expressly reserve for ourselves and our successor bishops the authority to increase, decrease, or revoke the present provisions whenever we see fit, as well as to dismiss the aforementioned Jews, even if they hold our Letters Patent, whenever we choose.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.187-192, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 30, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript addressed to all Chambers in Berlin issued by King Fredrick II
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	All foreign coins are to be stopped when they enter the country and/or are in transit, and the export of any gold or silver coins or coins of other metals and materials are entirely prohibited. Forgers are to be punished with having their counterfeited [items] confiscated. If that person is a Protected Jews, he shall have his letter of protection revoked. And so it is decided.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) p. 318 ff
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	When a Jew dares to use a Christian servant on Sundays or any prescribed [Christian] holidays, for the first occurrence he shall be punished by having to pay, if he can, 100 guilders to the poorhouse, but if he is unable to pay, by having to serve the community or the landlord for two months, and the Christian servants who let themselves be used on such days, by having to do the same for four months; upon the second violation, however, the Jew is to be deported, and the Christian servant shall be subjected to an even harsher punishment.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Erster Band von A – D (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume I from A – D). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 502.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance reiterating the contents of an Imperial Decree, issued to all senior officials and offices on the purchase, trade and melting of silver and other coins by Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	After an imperial decree issued on February 15th of this year excluded Jews in general from all minting cities, as well as from the purchase and trade of broken and raw silver, and the exchange and melting of coarse and other types of silver, as well as the introduction of low-value and advance issue of new coins, before they are properly tested and found to be suitable,… whatever they may be, were forbidden to Jews, we hereby inform them and you of this, so that strict official supervision is carried out to ensure that such exchange of such good types of money is not practiced by Jews.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1743 bis 1770 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1770 to 1787],” Part 3, Bevern, 1788, p. 226, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript to all Chambers issued by King Fredrick II
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jewish children can become naturalized only if their father has a valid certificate that he does not owe any money to the Jewish [cash] registry.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) p. 318 ff
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 27, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript to the Pomeranian Chamber” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	The 'Coin Jews' (Münzjuden) are only permitted to collect gold and silver; they are, however, strictly prohibited from exchanging Prussian coins.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 322.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 31, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Against those who have extramarital relations with Jews, in particular those female persons accused with probable cause, along with the identified Jews, criminal charges shall be brought and the pertinent laws, which in any case penalize such vice with public whipping and being exiled, applied without mercy.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Sechster Band von T – Z (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume VI, from T through Z). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 230.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 14, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript addressed to the General Directors of Koeppen issued by King Fredrick II
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from selling door-to-door in order to preserve the 'good' coins. The changing of money in stores and in the homes of Jews are permitted so long Jews continue to adhere to the law from January 1, 1759, that strictly prohibits the melting of any coins.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) p. 330 ff
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 5, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Frederick II, King of Prussia, to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeals
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The Jewry of Berlin shall be informed through their rabbi, that the habit of prohibiting another Jew from doing something, by way of a so-called ban, or whatever the Jews may call it, is punishable under criminal law, that it can never be permitted, and that they shall counter this practice vigilantly.
5. Source	Königlich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften [Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences] (Ed.). Novum Corpus Constitutionum Prussico-Brandenburgensium Praecipue Marchicarum, Oder Neue Sammlung Königl. Preußl. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgischer, sonderlich in der Chur und Marck Brandenburg, Wie auch in anderen Provintzien, publicirten und ergangenen Ordnungen, Edicten, Mandaten, Rescripten, &c. &c. Von 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, und 1760. Zweyte Tomus (New Collection of Royal Prussian and Electoral-Brandenburgish Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts, etc., etc., etc., Particularly Those Published and Issued in the Electorate and March of Brandenburg, from 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760. Volume 2). Court Printing Office: Berlin, 1761. Cols. 461ff.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 17, 1760
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Highest/Supreme Resolution”* by Maria Theresa/Francis I
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Monarchy/House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] The widow [of a Jew], who wishes to resume the trade/business/actions of her [former] spouse must apply to have the amendment to the company registered and approved [by the proper authorities …].
5. Source	Handelsbuch der Handelsgesetze und des bei Anwendung derselben bei den Mercantil-Gerichten eintretenden Verfahrens, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *It is unclear from the text whether this “Highest/Supreme Resolution” (‘Allerhöchste Resolution’) was signed by Maria Theresa or her husband Francis I. It was repeated in an ordinance issued by the Austrian governmental in January 1811.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 23, 1761
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Circular” addressed to the Chambers of the Electorate of Mark, New-Mark, Pomerania, Magdeburg and Halberstadt
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the lust for profit and the highly harmful traffic/trade of Jews in the acquisition of flax/linen [… which causes a shortage in linen/canvas…] is prohibited since the trade with such premium material as flax/linen was never [explicitly] permitted to Jews […]
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Berlin. I. Als Festschrift zur zweiten Säkular-Feier. Im Auftrage des Vorstandes der Berliner Gemeinde bearbeitet von Ludwig Geiger. Nach den Alten des Geh. Staats-, des Ministerial-, des Stadt- und des Gemeinde-Archivs, nach gedruckten Quellen und den Materialien des Herrn L. Landshuth. (History of Jews in Berlin. I. As a commemorative issue for the second secular-celebration. Edited by Ludwig Geiger and on behalf of the board of the community of Berlin. According to old/historical secret state-, ministerial-, city- and community-archives and published sources and materials of Mister/Lord L. Landshuth.); (Berlin 1871)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1761
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	The Jews must not have smelting furnaces or crucibles. The chief of police shall investigate the Jews in Copenhagen, whether they are found to have a smelting furnace or crucible, and if so, not merely seal the same, but also to indict them, so that they may suffer punishment.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 103.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1761
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Trading with Knick-Knacks" (‘Trödeln’) issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Because it has become common knowledge that many and various people (Jews) are trading and dealing with knick-knacks which causes great damage to the (local) citizens (who engage in such trade) and to their ability to make a living, […] the unlawful trading with knick-knacks and such business practices are to be ceased completely by the Jews […] in and around the city […] and [to remain] prohibited […].
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Vierter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Fourth Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1761
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] especially foreign Jews, who live nearby, are to adhere to the publicized Council-Edict of June 14, 1757, as it pertains to their trade and business [activities …]; the local protected-Jews are reminded herewith that they have been prohibited to peddle or to offer their merchandize unsolicited in inns or other homes in the domain […].
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Vierter Theil. Commerciengesetze (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part four. Commercial Laws); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above decision of the Senate of Frankfurt is addressed to the population in general, except the parts translated here, which pertain to the local Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1761
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Frederick II, King of Prussia, to the Court of Appeals
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We hereby, for the benefit of your future guidance, most graciously make it known to you that nothing in the General Jew Ordinance [of 4/17/1750] shall be construed, under any circumstances, to allow the trading of wood by Jews; from now on, they shall therefore not be admitted as bidders to any auction of lumber.
5. Source	Königlich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften [Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences] (Ed.). Novum Corpus Constitutionum Prussico-Brandenburgensium Praecipue Marchicarum, Oder Neue Sammlung Königl. Preußl. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgischer, sonderlich in der Chur und Marck Brandenburg, publicirten und ergangenen Ordnungen, Edicten, Mandaten, Rescripten &c. &c. &c. Von 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, und 1765. Dritter Band (New Collection of Royal Prussian and Electoral-Brandenburgish Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts, etc., etc., etc., Particularly Those Published and Issued in the Electorate and March of Brandenburg, from 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, and 1765. Volume 3). Court Printing Office: Berlin, 1766. Cols. 71f.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None