“Repeal of the Exemption of Jewish Religious Leaders from Community Service” by Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I [Holy Roman Empire; Present-day Italy]: “That command, by which those who practice the Jewish law are pampered, and through which immunity from civil duties is granted them, is hereby rescinded, since not even clerics should be free to devote themselves to holy works before they discharge the services owed the state. Therefore let whoever truly consecrates himself to God qualify, at his own expense, some other person to carry out his duties for him.” [Editor’s note: Author’s footnote dates this law in 383 as Theodosian code 12.1.99]
“The Persecution of the Jews in the Roman Empire (300-428).” James Everett Seaver. 1952, Page 46; Accessed online 8/2/2011