“Demotion of Patriarch Gamaliel VI and Restriction on Building Synagogues” Issued by Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II [Holy Roman Empire; Present-day Italy]: “Since the moreexalted the office to which he has been raised, the more Gamaliel has presumed to disobey our commands with impunity, may Your Excellence in your power know that our clemency has issued certain commands to the illustrious magister officiorum: to wit, that the badges of the patriarch’s honorable prefecture be stripped from him, likewise that he be reduced to that rank he held before he was granted the prefecture; furthermore he may erect no more synagogues, and if any are abandoned, he must destroy those if they can be torn down without rioting, and no Jews shall have the right to judge Christians: and if any dispute arises between Jews and Christians, it is to be settled by the governors of the province. If the patriarch or any other Jew attempts to befoul any Christian or freeman or slave of any sect with the mark of a Jew [circumcision], let him and the Jew be subject to the penalty of the laws. Also if any Jew keeps Christian slaves, the slaves are to be freed and placed in the custody of the church, according to the law of Constantine.” [Editor’s note: Author’s footnote dates this law in 415 as Theodosian Code 16.8.22]
“The Persecution of the Jews in the Roman Empire (300-428).” James Everett Seaver. 1952, Page 71; Accessed online 8/2/2011 ADD RESEARCHER/DATE