Sept. 4, 1401

“Edict” of King Ruprecht [Present-day Germany; Wittelsbach Dynasty]: “[…] the Jews […], are always [to be seen] to be the collateral/fief (‘Pfand’) of our cousin Duke of Bavaria. […]”
König Rupercht von der Pfalz in seinen Beziehungen zu den Juden – Ungedruckte Königsurkunden nebst ergänzenden Aktenstücken; Gesammelt und mitgeteilt von Moritz Stern; (Kiel, 1898); p. 5; (“King Ruprecht of the Rhineland-Palatinate in his Relations with the Jews – Unpublished Royal Documents along with supplementary files; collected and shared by Moritz Stern”); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 5/6/2017