“Writ” of Archbishop Johann of Mainz [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Mainz]: “We, Johann, Archbishop of Mainz of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God and Arch-Chancellor of the German lands/territories announce and make known with the power of this letter […] 6) that each Jew and Jewess, who are over the age of twelve, owe our aforementioned lord and Roman King Rupert a gulden ‘oblation/offering/sacrifice-penny’ (‘Opferpfenning’)* annually…” [Researcher’s note: The Opferpfenning was a poll tax that was initially introduced by Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria which required Jews past the age of 12 to pay a gulden as a “protection fee.”]
Deutsche Reichsakten unter König Ruprecht. Zweite Abtheilung 1401-1405. Herausgeben von Julius Weizsäcker. Auf Veranlassung seiner Majestät des Königs von Bayern. Herausgegeben durch die Historische Commission bei der Königlichen Academie der Wissenschaften. (“German imperial documents under King Ruprecht. Second division 1401-1405. Edited by Julius Weizsäcker. Published by the Historical Commission at the Royal Academy of Sciences”); (Gotha; 1885); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 12/30/2019