“Ordinance” issued by the Conrad III of Thuringia, year 1526 [Present-day Germany] [Provisional]: “[…] 43) We also want and order that the Jews are not exempt (not forbidden) from appearing in court and from swearing an oath on their Sabbath, and command for the benefit of the common good that they shall not practice usury or make loans on pledges in our city of Würzburg, in our principality, and domains, but [that they] make a living through their art and work accomplished by their hands, however, if anyone has the audacity to use usury or make loans on pledges, he shall give us each time one Mark silver or its equal value, and our bailiff or assistant bailiff (‘Schulthais oder Unterschulthais’) if such rumor or proper report [should surface] […] shall make inquiries and investigate it as it is customary.”
Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 3/21/2018