“Patent” of Leopold I [Present-day Austria]: “[…] 1) Jews coming to/attending the annual markets (‘Jahrmärkte’) may not stay longer than the duration (start to end) of these [annual markets]; 2) A Jew is to be responsible for the action/doings of another [Jew] and the reprisals may be used against these [Jews] without distinction […] 3) No Jew who does not hold a special permit/privilege, may be allowed to sell [anything] by length or weight (‘nach Ellen und Gewicht’), but only items [per piece] (‘Stückweise’) as a whole ‘in grosso’ (wholesale).”
Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1821); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani, 10/2/2017