Jan. 21, 1749

“Jew Ordinance,” decreed by Frederick V, King of Sweden and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, for the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel [Present-day Germany]: “I. No Jew-person shall be tolerated in Our lands, unless they have obtained the appropriate Letter of Protection. II. No Jew shall be admitted to any township where no Jew has lived previously. III. Any new Letter of Protection shall only be issued to a Jew who is the eldest son of a protected Jew already living here, brings at least 500 thalers into the country, is vouched for by at least 4 Head-Jews, and pays the appropriate fee to His Lordship. IV. City Jews may have two male servants, but country Jews only one; there is no limit on female employees. V. Every May 1, all mayors, city councils etc. shall send a Jew-roster to Our chancelleries and Our Chamber of Pensions. VI. Neither Our Christian subjects nor the protected Jews shall give shelter to any beggar-Jews. VII. All protected Jews must pay their protection tax timely; once their payment is four weeks late, the amount owed is automatically doubled. VIII. No Jew under 25 years of age may marry, and no Jewess under 20 years. They must leave the country within four weeks after their wedding, unless they can obtain and produce a Letter of Protection. IX. No Jew under Our protection shall live in a Christian house, nor have any Christian servants. X. Jews shall not demean Our Christian religion, neither in public nor in private, and not build any synagogues without Our permission. XI. Jews are to conduct their religious services quietly and in private. XII. All Jewish persons shall remain quiet and indoors during Sundays, feast, prayer and fasting days.”