“Pale of Settlement” issued by Tsar Nicholas I [Imperial Russia; Present-day Russia, Ukraine, Turkmenistan]: “3. A permanent residence is permitted to the Jews [several provinces are named] Article 11. Jews who have gone abroad without a legal exit-permit are deprived of Russian citizenship and not permitted to return to Russia. 12. Within the general area of settlement and in every place where the Jews are permitted permanent residence, they are allowed not only to move from place to place and to settle in accordance with the general regulations, but also to acquire real estate of all kinds with the exception of inhabited estates, the ownership of which is strictly forbidden to Jews. […] 23. Every Jew must be registered according to the law in one of the legal estates of the realm. Any Jew not complying with this regulation will be treated as a vagrant.”
Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund