Acts – Page 102 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 3, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Decree, issued by Emperor Leopold II, Duke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israelite girls may not enter into matrimony, as long they are unable to document that they have received [sufficient] instruction in a [regular] school.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 310.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 5, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” (“Hofdecret”) issued by the Royal Imperial Court of Austria and addressed to the Galician Government
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews of Galicia may not send any plenipotentiary [person with authority/full power to take action on someone or a group’s behalf] to Vienna without having received the permission of the Royal Court via the local authorities (‘Landesstelle’) […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Poland and Ukraine

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 24, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The Polish Jews, who are pursuing a legitimate trade with goods, are also to register with the authorities and have them issue a permit that proves/shows that they are eligible and genuine trades people. […] all Jews who have not been recognized by the authorities to be trading-Jews are prohibited to issue a ‘dry’ exchange. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim), (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This decree was published as a circular on March 16, 1792. A ‘dry’ exchange most likely referred to an exchange that involved an IOU.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Circular” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to peddle.
5. Source	Das Ganze der österreichischen politischen Administration, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Österreich unter der Enns. In systematisch geordnetem Abhandlungen dargestellt von Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Grafen von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1843); (The entire Austrian, political administration, with particular attention to the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. A systematically ordered treatise put together by Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Count von Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1842)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Leopold II, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Polish Jews, who are trading regularly in goods, are required to report to the local authorities, and present documents showing that they are genuine traders, in order to be registered as such.
5. Source	Upper Austria (Austria): Allerhöchste Verordnung (Highest Ordinance). Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 108c; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew from Bohemia may move away in order to settle in a different heredity land without the receipt of a legitimate registration permit (‘Meldezettel’) for a specific period of time from the Jewish district tax collector (‘Bezirkssteuer-Einnehmer’) […] and if he is inclined to stay away longer than what is determined in his registration permit, he is to report this immediately and to acquire a new registration permit […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 12, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) is ordered to remove/expel those Jews, who are not a strictly necessary servant/employee to a Turkic Jew and do not have residency permits (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) or report them to the government. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria; Archduchy of Austria
4. Text of Act	The roaming around and trading (‘Tändeln’)* with clothing articles and other items/commodities in houses, vaults/business-stands (‘Gewölben’), open alleys (‘Gassen’), and streets is prohibited to the Jews with the real threat of an arrest and – depending on the circumstances – other corporal punishments. […]
5. Source	Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The same or similar prohibitions were issued via ordinances of July 13, 1787; July 4, 1788; November 21, 1788; October 16, 1789; governmental circular of March 1, 1790; governmental ordinance of May 25, 1792. *“Tändeln” appears to be a word combining both “Handel” and “Trödeln” into one and refers here to the act of roaming around in order to sell knick-knacks.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by William IX, Landgrave of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Be it known that every one of Our Christian subjects shall have the right to retract the sale of a house to a Jew, within four years of the date of sale; upon such a retraction and the reimbursement of the purchase price to the Jew, the latter shall relinquish possession of the house within six months, and a clause to that effect shall be included in any purchase contract with a Jew.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Wir Wilhelm der Neunte, Landgraf zu Hessen, Fürst zu Herßfeld... [By God’s Mercy We, Wilhelm the Ninth, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Hersfeld…],” 5/21/1792; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 84; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[Prohibits Jews and Christians from engaging in any sale of knick-knacks (‘Tändeln’) and dictates … that violators] are fined 2 Reichstahler for the first time/violation […] 4 Reichstahler for the second violation, and 6 Reichstahler for the third violation along with a 24-hour arrest [… however, …] Jews, who wander through apartments and houses*, are to be fined/punished with a 24-hour arrest for the first violation, a 24-hour arrest and a 4 Reichstahler fine for the second violation, and the utter expulsion from Vienna without exception for the third violation […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Even though, ‘Tändeln’ is usually used as a verb in modern German and refers to ‘dilly-dallying,’ in this text it is used as a noun and most likely refers to the sale of items that were considered to be somewhat useless. * While the earlier part of the text refers to both local Christians and Jews, the second part of the ordinance refers to only Jews who were either thought to be foreigners or to be peddling items from home to home; nowhere in the text does it mention fines and/or punishment for other foreign [Christian or Muslim] peddlers.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 7, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to sell from door-to-door” announcement of a decree of the Lower-Austrian government via the Magistrate of Vienna”
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews that are [found trading] in apartments and houses, are to be arrested for 24 hours the first time, and for two times 24 hours and a fine of 4 Reichstaler the second time and they are to be abolished (from the country) completely without mercy when caught the third time […].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 21.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 8, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Royal Court Ordinance" (‘Hofverordnung’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to peddle.
5. Source	Das Ganze der österreichischen politischen Administration, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Österreich unter der Enns. In systematisch geordnetem Abhandlungen dargestellt von Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Grafen von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1843); (The entire Austrian, political administration, with particular attention to the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. A systematically ordered treatise put together by Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Count von Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1842)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm II
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] and so we order that […] Jews are not permitted to purchase any factory made merchandise, whether they may have been made locally or in a foreign country – and to sell them in shops, booths, or on tables or from door-to-door. They are only allowed to export the factory made merchandise out of the country. All merchandize that are found on those who violate this order, are to be confiscated and violators are to be expelled across the border. […].
5. Source	Novum Corpus Costitutionum Prussico-Brandenburgensium… Verordnungen, Edicten, Mandaten, Rescripte (New Collection of Constitutions of Prussia and Brandenburg … Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, and Rescripts)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Frankfurt: Foreign Jews found living unregistered in Frankfurt will be punished and kicked out of their homes
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	Foreign Jews found living unregistered in Frankfurt will be punished and kicked out of their homes. Persons who give them shelter will be punished too. Furthermore Jews living in Frankfurt shall not leave their homes until the Roemische Kaiser is elected.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute Nov/Dec 2014.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2014
8. Notes	Translator Translation paraphrase.Extract from resolution of the Frankfurter Rath, June 28, 1792

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 13, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order, issued by the City Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	All officers and citizens and their dependents are hereby ordered to pay tribute to the Emperor next Monday the 16th, and assemble in the central plaza in front of city hall, wearing respectable clothing but no weapons of any kind, and most dutifully pay homage. Jews, in particular, are to stay inside their homes, which they will obey, in avoidance of detriment.
5. Source	“Demnach der Allerdurchlauchtigste, Großmächtigste und Unüberwindlichste Fürst und Herr, Herr Franciscus der Andere, erwählter Römischer Kayser, zu allen Zeiten Mehrer des Reichs, König in Germanien, zu Jarusalem, Hungarn und Böhmen etc. etc. (Since the Most Noble, Most Powerful and Most Invincible Lord and Master, Sir Francis the Other, elected Roman Emperor, at all times Increaser of the Empire, King in Germania, at Jerusalem, Hungary and Bohemia etc. etc.),” 7/13/1792; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 141; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on the trade in spices and spun yarns
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Schwarzenberg
4. Text of Act	The request that the Jews be allowed to trade in spices and spun yarns is rejected.
5. Source	“Handelschaft der Juden, 1792, [Trade of the Jews, 1792],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 665, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 7, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“[Royal] Court Decree #29081” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Arch-Duchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Only Jews who have formally received the right to citizenship may be permitted to vote […]. The magistrates who grant citizenship are to ensure that the number of Jews does not affect/harm the Christian citizens and that at least no Jew [receives such permit] except those who own their homes or those who are meisters* and pursue a proper trade. […]
5. Source	Darstellung der gesetzlichen Verfassung der galizischen Judenschaft. Versuch von Michael Stöger. Erster Band. (Lemberg, Przemysl; Stanislawow und Tarnow; 1833); (Presentation of the legal constitution of the Galician Jewry. An attempt by Michael Stöger. First volume.); (Lviv, Przemysl; Stanislawow Voivodeship; Tarnów; 1833)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *A meister is an honorary title bestowed on master craftsmen.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Government decree concerning the expulsion of the Jews from the town of Ettenheim.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	The Jewish families currently living in Ettenheim should be reduced to the number of 5 households, and they should leave their current homes and move to the suburbs. If they wish to reside further in the Prince-Bishopric’s lands, the remaining Jewish residents are to completely vacate the town and must move outside the diocese within a term set by the Upper Office. This decree was duly announced to the entire Jewish community on the 1st of this month … and a deadline of 14 days was set for them to comply with all the conditions contained therein. … preferring leniency to strict justice, [the Prince-Bishop] has deigned to grant, out of sheer grace, that the 14-day deadline set for the Jews by the Supreme Authority be extended to two months from the date of the publication of the present decree.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p. 201-203, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher According to a Petition from the Jews to the Prince-Bishop dated Sep. 3, 1792, and published in the source above on p. 198-199, the decree issued on the 1st of the month referenced above, was read out to the community. A written copy has not yet been found by OAJA.org researchers. The Petition from the Jews also notes that the number of Jewish households at the time totalled eight. On Sep. 16, 1793, the directors and councilors of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg received a mandate from the Imperial Chamber Court of Fancis II, Roman Emperor, annulling the decrees issued on September 3 and 17, 1792. See above source, p. 204-206. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance #33548, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Following the highest ordinance of April 15, 1786, no Jew shall be granted authorization to marry, unless he can provide evidence of having received a normal course of schooling; in addition, all Jews under the age of 16 on the above date shall be made to undergo normal schooling. […] Every Jewish petitioner shall be instructed to supply documentation from the school or county where the supplicants are to receive their education, or, alternatively, a certificate from the same authority showing that he was already able to enroll in school before the above-mentioned order took effect. In order to reliably ascertain the age of the petitioner, school teachers must be allowed to inspect the circumcision registers, so that the years of the petitioner’s eligibility to attend school may be computed accurately.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828, p. 58.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 9, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Israelis are not to send a plenipotentiary [authorized representative] to Vienna without having first received the permission of the Royal Court via the state offices [‘Landesstelle’] […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 11, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Official Notice from the Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg concerning the expulsion of the Jews from Ettenheim.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	Since our dear and loyal, Mayor, Council, and all the subjects of the town of Ettenheim have repeatedly demonstrated their unbreakable loyalty and affection towards us during the current gloomy times, we have deemed it appropriate, in order to provide them with a new proof of our gracious satisfaction, to acknowledge the numerous disadvantages that the previous arbitrary acceptance and increase of Jews in our town of Ettenheim have caused to the welfare and livelihood of our dear loyal subjects. Therefore, at their humble request, we hereby give our binding assurance and promise that we will not only carry out the already ordered removal of Jews outside the city walls of Ettenheim without delay but also that, henceforth, we shall grant no Jewish family permission to settle within the city of Ettenheim for all eternity. … In witness whereof, we have signed this open letter ourselves, affixed our princely seal, and had it countersigned by our secret secretary.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p. 203-204, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 19, 1792
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order commanding that certain goods be banned from trade, particularly weapons, military supplies, livestock, and provisions, especially by the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We hereby give and order,… that each of you, individually and with all hands, prevent the importation and export of all types of weapons, powder, lead, sulphur, saltpeter, copper, brass and iron, the cloths for fittings, the so-called commision and other such coarse linen in pieces or prepared for fittings, the leather required for such items, including the soles and upper leather, as well as the carriage and riding horses, and horned or cloven-hoofed cattle, and also of all kinds of livestock, flour and grain, oats, hay and straw, in your lands and regions, especially among the Jews.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 563, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 11, 1793
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The year 1725 has to serve as a guide in regards to the toleration of Jews, so that anywhere where no Jew existed at the time of that [bench] year, they shall also not be tolerated in the future. […] the pre-set number of [Jewish] families which was determined in 1786, shall not be surpassed under any circumstances.
5. Source	Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und Justiziärs der k. k. Staatsherrschaften Kotieschau and Kladrau, unter buchstäblichen gereihten Aufschriften der Gegenstände nach der Zeitfolge verfassten Sammlung neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Blaseck, k. k. Rath, Unterthansadvokaten und Fiskaladjunkten im Königreiche Böhmen. Fünfter Theil. Von Gef bis kirsch.; (Prag; 1817); (Abstracts of all existing regulations and laws in the Kingdom of Bohemia according to Johann Roth’s, advocate/attorney and justice/council of the r[oyal] i[mperial] sovereignties [Chotieschau] and Kladruby, newly reissued collection in alphabetical and chronological order, improved and augmented by Johann Blaseck, r[oyal] i[mperial] council of subjects (prosecutor) and fiscal adjunct in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Fifth part. From Gef to kirsch); (Prague; 1817)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 16, 1793
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by Francis Joseph I (‘Franz Joseph I’)
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Such [Jewish] factories, however, are to receive their own specific [acceptance] permit (‘Aufnahmeschein’) in order to distinguish them from other dubious businessmen/middlemen/factory owners (‘Unterhändler’). Any Jew, who illegally maintains a factory, is to be fined depending on the case […] Jews, who started a factory without a permit from the local authorities (‘ohne einen kreisamtlichen Aufnahmeschein’) are to receive corporal punishment. […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.) (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1793
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Trade Authorization” decree of the Court Chancellery to the Lower-Austrian government”
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews who have only 'tolerance' (permits) for a limited time are not to be given trade authorizations, because trading is only reserved for the local Jews to a limited degree. In all cases that deal with the granting of new trading authorizations […] the Magistrate is to be consulted.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 31.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None