Acts – Page 104 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Fruit trade restriction issued by the Princely Hessian government.
3. Geography of Act	Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
4. Text of Act	According to various reports from the countryside that have reached here, it is primarily the Jews who are buying fruit at usury prices, thereby causing an increase in the price of those fruits. Therefore, by this decree, all Jews without exception are prohibited from engaging in the fruit trade, as well as purchasing fruit for others,… Any violation of this prohibition will result in the confiscation of the purchased goods and the loss of protection. … However, Jews are permitted to purchase as much fruit as they require for themselves and their household members, based on an official certificate from the authorities. … Once the documented amount of fruit required has been fully purchased, no further transactions based on this certificate shall be allowed,… any violation will result in severe penalties.
5. Source	“Fruchthandelsbeschränkung aus dem Jahr 1795, Erlassen durch die Fürstlich Hessische Regierung, [Fruit Trade Restriction from 1795, Issued by the Princely Hessian Government],” Sep. 29, 1795, available from digam.net.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German from the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 2, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Royal Court of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	All newly issued [Jewish] ‘tolerances’ (permits) are to be limited to a specific period of years, and no ‘tolerances’ shall be issued forever; because the public state administration is placed in a position where they cannot easily make such families who have not behaved properly and usefully during the stay/toleration-period to leave Vienna without causing a stir, and without robbing them of a granted right; an advantage that cannot be had for those [Jews], who have received a ‘tolerance’ (tolerance permit) forever, and which can have unpleasant consequences. The duration of the tolerance [-permits] is to be set according to the businesses for which they were sought. Ibid.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 23, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decision/Announcement” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Without having sought out a toleration [permit], no Jew shall be granted a (small) business or a large/whole sale business permit. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 12, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] in case a Jew departs from Bohemia and travels to another heredity land without a registration permit (‘Meldezettel’), which is legally required [of him], he shall pay 2 Gulden (fl.) penalty for each day he is absent. The fine will be converted to a prison sentence for those who do not have the [necessary] funds […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Jews, who were unable to pre-pay the required taxes while they were gone, or name a covenant who would pay the required taxes in their place – whether they lived in Prague or on the countryside – were not granted [departure] permits.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 24, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Court Decree” issued by the Imperial Court of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (Franz)
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Each Jew is to live in the community in which he has his family-spot/registration (‘Familienstelle’) […] which cannot be transferred into another community without the approval of the Land Office (‘Landesstelle’). […] Jews may lease and live in other places for the duration of a lease. However, when the lease expires, they have to move back to their [original] communities. […] For the duration of the lease, they have to ensure the proper payment of their family-taxes in that community […] if they own properties in other places, they are subject to the local jurisdiction. […]
5. Source	Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 12, 1795
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the County Governor of Funen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	It is permissible for the Jews living in [the towns of] Nyborg, Assens, Odense and Faaborg, to buy a piece of land at Faaborg, although outside of town, to furnish a burial-ground for their dead.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 425.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The Viennese Magistrate is instructed to put an end to this intolerable nonsense* in collaboration with the Royal Imperial Chief Police-Authorities/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) and to exclude the police-stations from [partaking in] this reward altogether in the future, and to let these be collected by other trustworthy individuals who have been chosen for this [task specifically], [… and] to properly educate all arrested Jews about the accusations he’s asked to face […] and depending on the magnitude of his (Jew's) offense, [to require him to pay] not only 17 kr. as it was commonplace until now, but to pay 34 kr. and up to one Gulden, depending on the best estimation of the acquirer […] while on the other hand, to allow the innocent to leave without requiring any kind of payment. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was issued after complaints had reached the Austrian Government that Jews were being stopped by the ‘Police and other trusted individuals’ and asked to pay a fine of 17 kr. for having engaged in ‘unlawful trade’ which often turned out to be untrue and a pretext to extort money from Jews. But while this decree attempts to put an end to these extortions, it also doubles the fine for Jews who are found to be violating the law.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 9, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] All foreign Jews, who are found to be engaged in illegal trade, are to be expelled from Vienna immediately/without further ado. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 26, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The investigation of a foreign Jew, who has been accused of engaging in illegal trade must rule the aforementioned (Jew) guilty or not guilty. In the earlier case, the affective means (the aim) is to deter/scare off other Jews from engaging in such non-sense, [especially] if the perpetrator is expelled from Vienna immediately, after [his] residency-permit is revoked and [he is] deported past the border, and his name is reported with the Royal Imperial Chief Police-Authorities/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) so that they can make a note of it and deny any application for entry/residency in the future […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (‘Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim. (Vienna; 1821)’)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act	Considering that the mourning and prayer days observed by the dominant religion are not to be disturbed by other religious parties/members, the Jews are to be prohibited to dance and play music on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday during Purim with the addition that they are still free to gather outside (‘Luftbarkeit’) as it is customary during Purim. However, it goes without saying that in such a case, as well, the event is to be reported/announced to the local police authorities [beforehand].
5. Source	Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und Justiziärs der k. k. Staatsherrschaften Kotieschau and Kladrau, unter buchstäblichen gereihten Aufschriften der Gegenstände nach der Zeitfolge verfassten Sammlung neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Blaseck, k. k. Rath, Unterthansadvokaten und Fiskaladjunkten im Königreiche Böhmen. Fünfter Theil. Von Gef bis kirsch.; (Prag; 1817); (Abstracts of all existing regulations and laws in the Kingdom of Bohemia according to Johann Roth’s, advocate/attorney and justice/council of the r[oyal] i[mperial] sovereignties [Chotieschau] and Kladruby, newly reissued collection in alphabetical and chronological order, improved and augmented by Johann Blaseck, r[oyal] i[mperial] council of subjects (prosecutor) and fiscal adjunct in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Fifth part. From Gef to kirsch); (Prague; 1817)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The word ‘Luftbarkeit’ is no longer in use in modern German. The word appears to be referring to an outside gathering, covered possibly by a protective awning of some kind for commencements.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” of the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jewish representatives are required to distribute the family-list-forms as ascribed by the highest place (entity) to the tolerated heads-of-families in Vienna with the apposition […] that the latter are to follow them exactly. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I; (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 11, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to all Jewish foreign students
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jewish foreign students are to [report and] identify themselves to the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) with the[ir] school reports/certificates (‘Zeugnisse’) issued by their professors all the more so, since they will otherwise not be regarded as students and expelled/removed from Vienna without further ado. […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance #8032, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	In view of the fact that this year, the Jewish Purim celebrations coincide with Maundy Thursday and Good Friday, it is ordered: that in consideration of the dominant religion, whose days of grief and prayer must not be disturbed by other religious groups, the Jews shall be prohibited from engaging in their usual frolicking, which cannot be viewed to be an exercise of religion, including all music and dancing. However, they shall be free to have their customary Purim frivolities after March 27, while it remains self-evident that they still have to announce the same to police headquarters.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Dritter Band von I – K (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume III, from I through K). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 130.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher In 1796, Easter Sunday fell on March 27.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to the university faculties (“Studien-Confesse”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] a complete directory of all Jews who study in Vienna is to be turned over to the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government ('k. k. n. ö. Regierung'), […] in the future […] it is to be submitted within 8 weeks of begin of a school course […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 12, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Those lads of Jews, who are [present] in Vienna without a permit, or especially, if they have been indicted for bad behavior, are always first to be reported (by name) to the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government (‘k. k. n. ö. Regierung’) along with the citation of their specific crimes, where – if it has been found suitable [to warrant] a police investigation – the necessary [action] will be initiated. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the government of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	All Jews with protracted, incurable, terminal, or mental diseases are unfit for hospital care and therefore excluded from the same; thus, their kin must care for them in some other way.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 323.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Electorate of Hanover
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover
4. Text of Act	Escorted Jews (those with special permits) shall not harbor/house foreign [and] unknown Beggar-Jews under the penalty of law […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit dem Schlusse in denselben vorhandenen Gesetzessammlungen bis zur Zeit der feindlichen Usurpation ergangen sind. Mit Genehmigung des Königl. Cabinets-Ministerii herausgegeben von Ernst Spangenberg, Dr. beider Rechte und köngl. Großbritannisch, hannoverschem Hof- und Canzley-Rathe in der Justiz-Canzley zu Zelle. Zweyter Theil, bis Jahre 1760 bis 1779 enthaltend. (Collection of ordinances and decrees that apply to all provinces of the state of Hannover, however, as far as Calenberg, Lüneburg, Bremen, and Verden are concerned, it contains a collection of laws until the conclusion of the aforementioned [places] by the hostile usurpation. Published by Ernst Spangenberg, PhD. of both laws and royal, Britisch Hanoverian Court and Legal Council in the Justice Office in Zelle, with the permission of the royal Cabinet-Ministers. Second Volume until [from] 1760 until 1779 inclusive.); (Hannover; 1820);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 16, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the state government of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Any Jew who changes his accommodations from the Jewish quarter in Prague to the Christian part of the city, without official pre-approval [by the government], shall be punished with a fine of twenty imperial thalers, and the homeowner who takes the Jew in shall incur a penalty of ten imperial thalers, to be substituted by jail time, if the fine cannot be paid.
5. Source	Engelmayr, Anton. Unterthans-Verfassung des Königreiches Böhmen. Erster Theil (Constitution for the Subjects of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Part One). Sollinger: Vienna, 1830. Page 353.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 6, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance regarding the removal of begging and thieving riff-raff from the land and their punishments” issued by King George III and Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] It has come to Our reproving attention that even after the issuance of numerous ordinances, all sorts of foreign and suspect persons, particularly beggars and thieving riff-raff, sneak into our German lands and jeopardize public and private safety in a number of way, [that is why] We wish to partly reconfirm previous orders and partly issue new ones […] 2) […] especially, no foreign Jews - may they hold permission [slips] or passports or not - shall be allowed into the land or allowed to pass through unless they can show to possess at least twenty-five Rthlr [Reichsthaler] of cash, […] rather, such persons shall be turned back, [and told that] in case they are found to be present in the land, they are to be jailed for eight days and given nothing but bread and water […] and in case it happens again, [they will be punished] with time in the penitentiary or with penal labor […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit dem Schlusse in denselben vorhandenen Gesetzessammlungen bis zur Zeit der feindlichen Usurpation ergangen sind. Mit Genehmigung des Königl. Cabinets-Ministerii herausgegeben von Ernst Spangenberg, Dr. beider Rechte und köngl. Großbritannisch, honnoverschem Hof- und Canzley-Rathe in der Justiz-Canzley zu Zelle. Dritter Theil, bis Jahre 1780 bis 1799 enthaltend. (“Collection of ordinances and decrees that apply to all provinces of the state of Hannover, however, as far as Calenberg, Lüneburg, Bremen, and Verden are concerned, it contains a collection of laws until the conclusion of the aforementioned [places] by the hostile usurpation. Published by Ernst Spangenberg, PhD. of both laws and royal, Britisch Hanoverian Court and Legal Council in the Justice Office in Zelle, with the permission of the royal Cabinet-Ministers. Third Volume until [from] 1780 until 1799 inclusive.”); (Hannover; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above ordinance of George III has a number of restrictions aimed at Jews. The full original text can be found in the cited source; it has been abbreviated here to fit the allocated space.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 26, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews, who are coming to Vienna, are to be reminded - just as they enter - by the police-posts (‘Polizeyposten’) which have been established at [all] border-routes (‘Linien’) that they are now required to register with the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) even if they are only going to stay 24-hours, or face inevitable inconveniences and - depending on the circumstance – punishment. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The imperial & royal county government offices are hereby ordered to deport to their homeland, under secure escort, those Jews who have for some time, in the open country and in contravention of the highest decrees, concerned themselves with door-to-door sales and similar dealings, regardless of whether they do or do not carry passports.
5. Source	Herzog, Franz Tobias. Vollständige Sammlung der Gesetze über das Schubwesen im Kaiserthume Oesterreich, 1724-1835 [Complete Collection of the Laws Regarding Deportation, Extradition and Similar Transfers in the Austrian Empire, 1724-1835]. Heubner: Vienna, 1835. Page 114.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” (“Regierungsdecret”) issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	‘Toleration [permits] do not extend/transfer to widows and the children of the tolerated.’ Toleration [permits] are only granted to heads of families and their wives and children, who are only partakers of these [permits] as necessary companions [of the tolerated]. […] therefore, as soon as a tolerated head of a family stops [to exist], the toleration [permit] extinguishes as well. ‘Widows of tolerated [Jews] must apply for their own toleration [permit].’ After the death of a tolerated head of a family, a widow who wishes to account for her own family, is required to apply for her own toleration [permit] within the first six weeks after the death of her husband […] or otherwise face severe punishment. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] the [well-]known and so-called [poor] swindler-Jews (‘Winkeljuden’) and beggar-Jews (‘Betteljuden’) are not to be permitted by the border-route authorities (‘Linien’) to enter [Austria] at all […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 22, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Local Jews […] are furthermore permitted to visit the annual markets on the country side/flat land with permitted goods/merchandize; however, it goes without saying that they are not permitted to visit any church inauguration festivals and such. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 11, 1796
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] when issuing ‘forms/permits to be present’ (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) to Jews, who show up for such permits/forms (‘Bollete’), [his] circumstances and the necessity of his presence in Vienna are to be always taken into consideration – as much as possible – and in keeping with this, those Israeli, who come to Vienna from time to time to beg and to dawdle and not to pursue a proper trade, are to be turned down on the spot without further inquiry with the so-called blue form (‘Bollete’). […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None