Acts – Page 109 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1804
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Decree, issued by Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway, for the town of Middelfart
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Ordered: that all Jews in Middelfart may hold synagogue in the room of Salomon Ballin, furnished for this purpose on his farm there, and that they must not hold their religious services in any other place.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 184.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1804
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statute Concerning the Organization of the Jews” issued by Tzar Alexander I
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	…7. After six years have expired since the publication of this regulation, all bookkeeping and other merchant’s documentation and correspondence between Jews must be written in one of these languages: Russian, Polish or German, or contain a translation on one side [of the page]…16. Jews can rent land from landlords…However, they are prohibited from selling wine under any circumstances. Jews who settle on landlords’ land voluntarily will be freed from government taxation after 5 years. This benefit applies only on Jews settled by their own settlement…28 ....Jews...temporarily traveling outside of the Pale, have to wear German [style] dress ...If they wear traditional dress, they shall be sent back [to the Pale] by the Police…30. All Jews in Russia must be enlisted with an estate. Any Jews who cannot provide the required written document will be treated as a vagabond with all severity of the law…33. Beginning in January 1, 1807, no Jew in the big or small villages of the Gubernias ... beginning in January 1, 1808, can keep any leases, taverns, or inns under their own or somebody else’s name nor sell their alcohol nor even live there…36. A Jew convicted in such a sale will pay ...and in third time will be exiled to Siberia…38. All debts that peasants and other people owe in taverns, etc. kept by Jews, are void without compensation…41. In the towns and places Jews have never been allowed to sell alcohol on credit to local people, and any of their debts in this matter are void. ...
5. Source	“1804 Russian set of laws concerning Jews; Statute Concerning the Organization of the Jews.” Vitaly Charny, Risa Heywood, Laura Benaminson & Edward Rosenbaum. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 13, 1804
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Since regardless of existing laws, Jews have occasionally, and from long ago, come to own Christian homes through (fraudulent) pretense-purchases and fake debt, and have leased, and even taken ownership of the lands of subjects, these are to be taken from them and sold, that is why the decrees of May 31, 1798, and August 14, 1900, and the ordinance of November 21, 1799, are to be re-publicized […and ] that according to patent of August 3, 1797, §45, Jews are not allowed to take ownership of any land (‘Meisterhofsgründe’), except by temporarily leasing it.
5. Source	Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und Justiziärs der k. k. Staatsherrschaften Kotieschau and Kladrau, unter buchstäblichen gereihten Aufschriften der Gegenstände nach der Zeitfolge verfassten Sammlung neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Blaseck, k. k. Rath, Unterthansadvokaten und Fiskaladjunkten im Königreiche Böhmen. Fünfter Theil. Von Gef bis kirsch.; (Prag; 1817); (“Abstracts of all existing regulations and laws in the Kingdom of Bohemia according to Johann Roth’s, advocate/attorney and justice/council of the r[oyal] i[mperial] sovereignties [Chotieschau] and Kladruby, newly reissued collection in alphabetical and chronological order, improved and augmented by Johann Blaseck, r[oyal] i[mperial] council of subjects (prosecutor) and fiscal adjunct in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Fifth part. From Gef to kirsch); (Prague; 1817)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 28, 1804
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	No passport shall be issued to a Jew in Vienna before the reason for such [action] has been presented to the Lower Austrian Ministry for approval. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 31, 1804
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Poorhouse / workhouse regulations for the province of West Prussia, with reference to the correctional facility built in Graudenz, issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia.
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	II. Of the persons who are to be admitted to the reformatory. §. 15. The institute at Graudenz should be neither a poor relief institution, nor a workhouse for people who want to work but cannot find employment, nor a penitentiary for criminals. The sole purpose of the institution is to encourage those who are able to earn their living if they want to but do not do so, as well as those poor people who receive a certain amount of allowance and still beg, to work, and to save many subjects from both poorhouses and penal institutions by showing them the possibility of earning a living through work, accustoming them to it and thus protecting some from impoverishment and others from debauchery and crime. … §. 18. Jews are not admitted to the reformatory facility because those Jews who cannot prove how they earn their living in a lawful manner, or who lead a wandering lifestyle, or who are guilty of philistinism, are to be expelled from the country.
5. Source	W.G. von der Heyde, “Repertorium Der Polizeigesetze und Verordnungen in Den Königlich Preußischen Staaten [Repertory of Police Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian States],” Vol. 2, Halle, 1820, p. 464-465, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 7, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews, who own a factory (‘Landesfabrik’) in other countries, can establish a branch in Vienna so long as they employ such people to run it who are suitable for local residency. […]
5. Source	Handelsbuch der Handelsgesetze und des bei Anwendung derselben bei den Mercantil-Gerichten eintretenden Verfahrens, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar decree was issued by the Austrian Royal Court Chamber on January 10, 1803.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 25, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by King Fredrick William (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God Fredrick William, King of Prussia […] Even though south-Prussian Jews are authorized to trade with grains in south Prussia under certain regulations and modifications, the same cannot be permitted to old-rural (‘alt-ländische’), common Jews. Because they are not authorized to engage in such trade [with grains] in the old provinces […]. Furthermore, if we were to overlook the [current] regulations and were to allow Jews to purchase grain in south Prussia, they would lack permission to resell these […] at the markets of the old provinces [anyway]. And since the purchase of grains in south Prussia by Jews would give cause to many unforeseen contraventions for the Christians and others who are authorized [to trade with grain] and to whom this could have adverse effects, and since it is advisable not to encourage the purchase of grain by Jewish commissioners [‘Getreide-Ankauf durch jüdische Kommissarien’), but to always restrict such [activities] more and more, that is why old-rural Jews cannot be permitted to purchase grain. It goes without saying that this does not apply to Jews who have Christian Rights (‘christliche Rechte’) and those authorized by the State […]
5. Source	Leo Baeck Institute. Center for Jewish History. Guides to the Decrees Collection, 1614-1846. AR 379. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *It is unclear if ‘altländische” (literally meaning: from the old-land) refers to Jews of a specific region or local, rural Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 31, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Royal Court War Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Those Jews, who have freed themselves of military service or recruitment by [making a] payment or by nominating/substituting another person […] are exempt from military service for life, if they do not bring upon themselves another military-service-requirement (‘Stellung ex Officio’) by behaving badly/evilly (‘übles Betragen’) or through idleness or excess […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 14, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] In order to avoid desertion, Jews, who are soldiers, should not be allowed to go on leave/vacation to their homeland or to an area where they will be among other Jews; unless it was demanded by their Jewish community leaders (‘Juden-Gemeindevorstehern’) who would [otherwise] be held responsible for their escape. Furthermore, the Jewish communities, local authorities, and dominions are not to permit them (the soldiers) to walk around in Jewish garb, or to let their beards and hairs grow in a Jewish manner. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 21, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Francis I, Emperor of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Throughout the Jewry, Hebrew family names, or any names referring to a town or place, are hereby abolished. Every single person is to choose a given, German name, and keep it, unaltered, for life. As of June 1, 1805, all circumcision books and birth registers must be kept in the German language. Anyone who is found to use any other name than the chosen German first and last name, will be punished with a fine of 50 Rhenish guilders.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 300.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The value of a Rhenish guilder, 200 years ago, was approximately the same as a contemporary U.S. dollar; thus, 50 fl. rhn. is equivalent to US$50.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews in Galicia are prohibited from leasing agricultural goods/land/farms and realties (‘landschaftliche Güter und Realitäten’) […] Jew may not be used (hired) as economic officials/officers (“Wirschaftsbeamte’) […]
5. Source	Repertorium über sämmtliche unter den Regierungen Ihrer Majestäten Josephs II, Leopolds II., und seiner jetzt regierenden Majestät Franz I. erflossenen und in dieser Gesetzsammlung enthaltenen Gesetze und Verfassungen im Justiz-Fache, vom Jahre 1780 bis Ende des Jahres 1820. (Wien; 1823); (Repertory of all laws and constitutions issued under his majesties Joseph I, Leopold II, and the current ruler, his Majesty Franz I, from 1780 to the end of 1820.); (Vienna; 1823)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 11, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Chancellery Decree” issued by the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] the claim (rumor) – according to the Tolerance Patent of 1782 – that a Jew, who converts to the Catholic faith, [automatically] loses his former way of earning a living is unfounded, because it would be unseemly to treat a Catholic harsher than a Jew in a Catholic state […] and it goes without saying that if a Jew receives a toleration permit for a specific business, which only happens with so-called exchange/market Jews (‘Börse-Juden’) that he [should] continue with that line of work […].
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 22, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Prohibition to buy and sell grains and potatoes" issued by the Lower-Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from purchasing and selling grain crops of all kinds as well as potatoes.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 36.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 25, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regulations for the Local Jewry” issued by Maximilian
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) The granting of a ‘Jewish-protection’ [permit] is dependent on the highest authority (‘churfürstlichen höchsten Stelle’). 3) A registry is to be kept by the local police of the local Jews and all marriages and cases of death are to be noted in the same. 4) Each family receives a certain number. That means that only one child in that family can get married on whom the number can be transferred to, other Jewish children can get married when there has been a reduction in that number. Widows may only get married if they are without a child, they may only choose a foreign subject/partner (a foreigner) only, if by doing so, a considerable wealth is brought into the country. No one is to grant a local Jew permission to wed without a preliminary investigation and permission from the police authorities anyhow, and each Jews who wishes to get married must be asked to show assets of at least a thousand Reichsthaler; if a Jew wants (tries) to get married here without such a permission, he shall regardless lose his protection [permit] completely and all future claims (for such permit) and be expelled from here. 7) Regarding the servants, Jews are not to be restricted in the number and [specific] faith of their servants but only to be limited by their needs, however, they must not only be liable for them and their children but must ensure that they do not engage in any [other] kind of trade, and report their names and nature/attributes (‘Beschaffenheit’) to the police authorities. Also, it is not permitted to bring non-relatives, teachers and service staff [and] whole families under the title of Associates (‘Associes’) [which means] those Jews, who had been employed as teacher, accountant, servant, do not obtain the right of residency by the length of their presence [in the country], but that they shall leave the country as soon as they leave their positions and return to their original place of birth/residency. […] 11) The business books and contracts of the Jews are to be maintained in the German language. Jews are prohibited from trading with state-stipend/salary certificates (‘Besoldungsscheine’), they are to refrain from doing business with minors or those who are still under the [legal] power of the father [or such]. They shall also beware/ensure, not to import any foreign, unconventional coins into the land […] 12) The Jews shall ensure with the purchase and sale of item and pledges that they have not been stolen/taken. Otherwise, they will not only return the item without being compensated, but, if it should be found and convicted that he had prior knowledge of the theft, he shall not only be responsible for the loss, but will be also subject to being convicted for complicity and concealment […]. 13) Individuals […] employed by the Jewish community as payer-leader, or butcher, or such, shall not be permitted to engage in any [other] trade and must be supported by the Jewry, and no new person may be taken on as long as one of them already exist in the local Jewish community. 14) […] Protected Jews are to pay 20 fl [Gulden] per family to the state treasury (‘Staatskasse’) […] 15) The regular fees will be deducted from the assets/wealth of Jews who are leaving the country may they leave due to marriage, inheritance, or any other reason. 17) In any case, Jews are to obey the existing laws of the land and to […] submit to the authority of each legal office/entity (‘Behörde’). […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 7, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Grant, issued by Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway, for the City of Odense
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	We, Christian the Seventh, by the grace of God, King of Denmark and Norway etc. etc., declare that, in consideration of the head of the Jewish congregation in Our city of Odense, in Our county of Funen, having made a most submissive supplication and request, as well as produced an attestation issued by the municipal authority [in Odense], We therefore grant and permit: that all Jews in the aforementioned trade city of Odense may hold synagogue in rooms rented or furnished there by them, and that they must not hold their worship elsewhere.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 183.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Odense is Denmark’s third-largest city.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 17, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regulation” issued by State-Directorate (‘Landesdirection’) on Behalf of His Majesty the King
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In the Name of His Majesty the King. The following is made known publicly hereby by His Highness the Prince-Elector regarding the established regulations for the Jewry of Munich as in the highest rescript of April 25, 1805, and the highest rescript of June 9 of the same year, that all patents and concessions to divide/split [owned] land (‘Güterzertrümmerung’) are herewith revoked, and that no such permission be granted in the future, which all authorities are herby to obey, and refer to existing land-division-laws (‘Güterzertrümmerungs-Gesetze’). […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The word ‘Güterzertrümmerung’ is no longer in use in German and most likely referred to the act of purchasing land in order to divide and sell it for profit.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Frederick William III, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Even though those Southern Prussian Jews authorized to trade may, under certain conditions, trade grains in the province of South Prussia, the common Jews from the old lands may not do so, and since likewise the Southern Prussian Jews may not trade within the old provinces, so the reciprocal arrangement with regard to Jewish trading in the old and the new provinces cannot be invoked, and so the Jews from the old provinces cannot obtain any privileges or permits in Southern Prussia, that the Southern Prussian Jews are not given within the old provinces.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Friedrich Wilhelm, König von Preussen etc. etc. (By the Grace of God, Frederick William, King of Prussia etc. etc.),” 6/25/1805; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 145; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 14, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] The school district supervisors are, therefore, to examine the Jewish schools within their districts [... and] to become familiar with these [schools] in so far as to ensure that there occurs no violation against the [current] toleration laws. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 22, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] As far as employees from other countries are concerned who appear in the family-lists [of Jews], a special attention is to be paid to the so-called Jewish teachers; […] without a preliminary inquiry directed at the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) no such [individual] is to be taken up. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 29, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] The Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’), however, is to keep an eye on the unlawful trade of the Israelis who have converted to Christianity whose numbers are not insignificant, and could contribute to the agitations that have gotten rather out of hand. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regarding Jews trading on annual markets” issued by Maximilian
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Electorate of Bavaria
4. Text of Act	In response to the inquiry of Our Bavarian State Director […] whether it should be permitted to Jews via a Patent to visit the annual markets in Bavaria, We respond: Jews shall, in accordance to the ordinance of April 17, of the previous year, be free to visit the eight biggest public markets in Bavaria by presenting a permit from the authorities; however, they shall still be prohibited from visiting the smaller markets. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1805
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regarding market-relations of Jews (‘Die Marktbeziehung der Juden betreffend’)" issued by Maximilian
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Electorate of Bavaria
4. Text of Act	In the name of His princely majesty. With respect to supreme Rescript of August 30, of the previous year […] it was ordered that while they (Jews) shall be permitted to visit public markets in Munich, Landeshut, Straubing, Alt- und Neuötting, Bern, Passau, and Ingolstadt by presenting the necessary permits from the local authorities; however, they are not permitted to visit the other markets in Bavaria, and therefore no such permits (‘Patent’) shall be issued to them. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI); (Munich; 1838);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1806
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Instruction” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to the representatives of the Jewry
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] In case the salaries of the employees/servants, who are in the service of the Jewish community in Vienna, are to be increased or such Individuals are to be retired, the highest permission (of the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian Government) must be obtained by the representatives of the Jewry. […]”
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1806
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Moratorium on Debt Owed to Jews” issued by Napoleon
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) In May 1806, he [Napoleon] imposed a one-year moratorium on all debts owed to Jews in Alsace and Lorraine. Levy, Richard (Editor): Anti-Semitism – A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution (Volume 1, A-K); (Santa Barbara; 2005) Kamins, Toni: The Complete Jewish Guide to France; (New York; 2001)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 20, 1806
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Frail Jews are not to be admitted to a hospital.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 322.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None