Acts – Page 11 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1020
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Pope Benedict VIII
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) An earthquake followed by a hurricane ravages Rome, Italy, and Pope Benedict VIII has a number of Jews arrested for alleged host desecration. They all "confess" under torture and are burned at the stake. Riots ensued after Jews were accused of causing the earthquake by their alleged denigration of the cross. Pope Benedict VIII ordered the beheading (others say burning) Jews for causing the disaster, and the resulting plague. [Some sources place this event around 1020, while a later chronicle of Cesare Baronius gives the date as 1017; another source (though not confirmed) places the date at 4/2/1021]. Horowitz, Elliott: Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence; jewishhistory.org; (New Jersey; 2006)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1026
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews,” 1026
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) The French chronicler blamed the Jews for the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which was destroyed in 1009 by the Muslim Caliph Al-Hakim. As a result, Jews were expelled from Limoges and other French Towns. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1032
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decimation of the Jewish Community”
3. Geography of Act	Morocco
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Abul Kamal Tumin conquers Fez, Morocco and decimates the Jewish community, killing 6000 Jews. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1033
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Fez Massacre” issued by Tamim, 1033
3. Geography of Act	Morocco
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forced of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran, tribe, perpetrated a massacre of Jews in Fez. Tamim’s forces killed over thousands of Jews, appropriated their belongings, and captured the Jewish women of the city. [The killings took place in the month of Jumaada al-Akhir 424 (May-June 1033 AD]. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1050 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Capitulary 6 issued by Council of Oviedo
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Under the sixth heading we admonish all Christians to assemble in church on Sabbath evening and to hear Sunday matins, masses, and all the hours; that they should not carry out servile work or go on the road except for purpose of prayer, or to bury the dead, or to visit the sick, or for the king’s secret, or because of a Saracens’ attack. No Christian should stay with Jews in the same house or take food with them. If anyone should violate this law of ours, he shall do penance seven days. If he should refuse to do penance, if a senior person, he shall be denied communion for a whole year, if a minor person, he shall receive one hundred lashes.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 558
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1066
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Banishment of Jews” by Badis ben Habus
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Granada
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are banished from Granada. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1074 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 14 issued by Council of Normandy/Rouen
3. Geography of Act	France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Concerning the Jews, the canonical authority and the decree of the Blessed Gregory should be observed, that is, that they should not have Christian slaves or wet nurses.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” p. 558
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 10 issued by the Council of Girone
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “They also decreed that the tithe from all the lands that were cultivated by the execrable cruelty of the infidel Jews should be paid by them to the church in whose parish these lands are situated, in the same way as if they were cultivated by Christians.” Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” p. 559
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 22 issued by the Council of Rome
3. Geography of Act	Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Rome (1078) Gregory VII convoked this council, to which he invited the French bishops as well, with the declared object of finding a solution to the conflict between the papacy and the empire. It opened in the Lateran, on 19 November 1078. Only twelve canons promulgated by that council have been transmitted in their entirety, the rest being known only by their titles; canon 22, dealing with the Jews, is among the latter…[c.22]…That Jews should not be appointed over Christians.” Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” pp. 558-559
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 22 issued at the Council of Rome
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	That Jews should not be appointed over Christians.
5. Source	Amnon Linder (ed.), “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages,” Wayne State University Press, Detroit, MI, 1997, p. 559.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1079 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 6 issued by Council of Coyaca
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	That no Christian shall reside in the same house with Jews, nor partake of their food: whoever transgresses this decree shall perform penance for seven days or refusing to do it, if a person of rank, he shall be excommunicated for a year; if of an inferior degree, he shall receive 100 lashes.
5. Source	“Twelve centuries of Jewish persecution: a brief outline of the sufferings of the Hebrew race in Christian lands, together with some account of the different laws and specific restrictions under which they have ar various times been placed.” Gustav Pearlson. Page 196
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1079
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Ireland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Ireland. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 13, 1084
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Privilege, issued by Rüdiger Hausmann, Bishop of Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 1 – I, Rüdiger, in order to keep the lesser sheep from the insolence of the masses, have given the Jews a separate place to live, surrounded by a wall; this they are to reward with an annual payment of three and a half pounds in the currency of Speyer, for the use of the monastery. […] Art. 8 – [Only] slaughtered meat which the Jews look upon as unlawful according to their own law, the Jews may sell to Christians, and Christians are allowed to buy it.
5. Source	Altmann, Wilhelm & Bernheim, Ernst. Ausgewählte Urkunden zur Erläuterung der Verfassungsgeschichte Deutschlands im Mittelalter (Selected Documents to Illustrate the Constitutional History of Germany During the Middle Ages). Gaertner: Berlin, 1895. Page 143.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1090
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Wormser Privilege" Issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "During the Wormser Privilege, Jews are established as imperial "chamber servants" of the Holy Roman Empire in a collection of legal standards which set a groundbreaking precedence that had a positive as well as a negative impact on the Jews and their relationship to Christians for centuries to come." Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studien zur Geschichte der Juden im mittleren Rheingebiet während des hohen und späten Mittelalters, S. 72 (Hannover 1995)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1090
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry IV for Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	[…] It is permitted for Jews to ask/order (‘bestellen’) Christians to their businesses (for business matters), but not on Sun- and holy-days; furthermore, Jews are not permitted to acquire Christian serfs […]
5. Source	Remling, Franz Xaver: Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer. Erster Band. (History of Bishops of Speyer. First volume.); Mainz; 1852.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher This writ of Henry contains mostly pro-Jewish regulations except the excerpts translated above.

1. Full Date of Act	May 20, 1092
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Synod of Szabolcs Established by the Hungarian National Synod by King Saint Laszlo the 1st, (Reigned from 1077 to 1095)
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	#10. If the Jews wanted to choose a wife among of christians, or they would keep a christian housemaid, they have to get their freedom back, whomever have sold her, the selling price must be taken away from them and it would be given to the bishop. #26. If a Jew would be found working on Sunday or on any other major holiday, to make sure of christianity would not be ashamed, any tools, that he or she (the jew) was working with, would be taken away.
5. Source	Hungarian Catholic Lexicon, published by Peter Pazmany Catholic University, Hungary
6. Researcher & Translator	David King
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	Editor Synod: a group of church leaders who are in charge of making decisions and laws in a formal meeting, related to the church; an ecclesiastical governing or advisory council.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1092
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 10 & 26 issued by Council of Szaboles
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	[Canon 10] If Jews should associate to themselves wives of Christians or keep in their service and Christian, such a person shall be taken from them and restored to freedom, while the price money shall be taken from his sellers and transferred to the maintenance expenses of the bishops…[Canon 26] If anyone should discover a Jew working on Sunday or on other high holidays, he shall lose the tools he will be using, lest Christianity be scandalized.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 559-560
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1096
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews” issued by Count Emicho
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Rhineland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) 1,200 Jews committed suicide in Mainz to escape Count Emicho’s attempt to forcefully convert them. All in all, 5,000 Jews were murdered. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1100 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Laws regarding Dhimmis’ Servitudes Issued by Ibn Abdun in Seville
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Paragraph 157 - A Jew mustn’t slaughter an animal for a Muslim. The Jews may be authorized to open their own special butcher shops. Paragraph 164 - It is forbidden to sell a coat that once belonged to a leper, to a Jew or Christian, unless the buyer is informed of its origin. […]"
5. Source	Bat Ye’Or, the Dhimmi. Jews and Christians under Islam, 1985, page 187. Edited by Franziska Wagener 4/2016
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The date for this law collection is believed to be around the year 1100.

1. Full Date of Act	1101 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Carnotensis Drecretal
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"If any of the Jews should buy a Christian slave or anyone from another sect and should circumcise him, having suffered under the control of a Jew, he shall remain free."
5. Source	Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Lat. 4636 [Buch 3 und Add., 3.286]
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1117
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Persecution” by Henry II
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are persecuted in Rome. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1121 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Dress Code” issued by the Abbasid Caliphate
3. Geography of Act	Abbasid Dynasty [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[… Jews are required to wear] two yellow badges, one on the headgear and one on the neck. Furthermore, each Jew must hang round his neck a piece of lead with the word dhimmi [Jew] on it. He also has to wear a belt round his waist. The women have to wear one red and one black shoe and have [to have] a small bell on their necks or shoes." .
5. Source	Johnson, Paul: A History of the Jews. (1987)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	Researcher The original documents have been lost. However, the decree has been found described in a Genisa* document (*documents found hidden in Jewish synagogues)

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 22, 1124
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Duke Vladislaus I of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] In the future, no Christian may serve a Jew.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zu Jahre 1278. Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Historischen Commission Für Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland. Bearbeitet unter Mitwirkung von Albert Dresdner, Ludwig Lewinski und Julius Aronius. (Regesta on the History of the Jews in the Franconian and German Empires up until the year 1278. Published by the order of the Historical Commission for the History of Jews in German. Edited by Albert Dresdner, Ludwig Lewinski, and Julius Aronius); (Berlin; 1902)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher According to the author of the cited source, this law was the result of the following occurrence: Jakob Apella, a Jew who had sizable wealth and influence on the Duke, had converted to Christianity (in part to please the duke) and had even built an altar in his home. Soon after his conversion, however, he regretted his decision and reverted back to Judaism. Jokob is said to have thrown away the altar and the religious artifacts in his home which so infuriated Vladislaus that he had him arrested, his wealth confiscated, and required 3,000 pounds of silver and 100 pounds of gold from Jacob’s (Jewish) friends in order not to execute him. Shortly after, Vladislaus issued the above order.

1. Full Date of Act	1140 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Corpus Iuris Canonici, decreed by the Catholic Church
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Just as the Jews are not to be forced to the faith so it must not be allowed to the converted to recede from it [166]. -- Christian slaves bought by Jews should be set at liberty [211]. --Public offices are not to be committed to the Jews [211]. --Slaves who come from infidelity to the faith are to be set at liberty [211].”
5. Source	Corpus Iuris Canonici. Vol I. Catholic Church (ed. Emil Friedberg) [column numbers above]. Tauchnitz: Leipzig, 1879. Accessed online
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1144
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Blood libel
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Life was incredibly hard for England’s Jews at the time. The first instance of a blood libel - where Jews were accused of killing a Christian child in order to use his blood in Jewish rituals - occurred in 1144 in the English town of Norwich. A second blood libel took place in 1255 - during Licoricia’s lifetime - when the body of a young child was found in a well in the town of Lincoln. The boy’s friends accused local Jews of kidnapping, torturing and murdering the child. Lincoln’s sheriff arrested over 90 Jews; 18 were executed. Both of the children at the centers of these blood libels were made into saints (St. William of Norwich and St. Hugh of Lincoln), stoking Christian hatred of local Jews still further." Dr. Yvette Alt Miller, "The Most Famous Jewish Woman in Medieval England," aish.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None