Acts – Page 111 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation concerning police measures against vagrants and other persons who endanger public safety.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	§ 10. Foreign Jewish traders are completely forbidden from entering the kingdom. Foreign Jewish merchants are only permitted to pass through or visit domestic fairs if they are actually residents of foreign countries as Schußjuden (shtetl Jews) or are at least in the service of such Schußjuden and possess a special travel passport. … Additionally, it is required that they have at least 25 florins in cash or equivalent value with them, or provide a guarantee of this amount from a known local resident. The border officials to whom they present their passport must examine and explicitly note this on the passport, or if they are unable to provide the required documentation, they must be denied entry outright.
5. Source	Friedrich F. Mayer, “Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze in Betreff der Israeliten, [Collection of Württemberg Laws Concerning the Israelites],” Ludw. Friedr. Fueg., 1847, p. 6, available from digitale-sammlungen.de and babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	Lara Joy Pabst (DLA Piper UK)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher This was reprinted in the Order of the Supreme Government concerning foreign begging Jews, dated Mar. 28, 1811, and reiterated in the Order against the entry of foreign Jews into the Kingdom of Württemberg, dated Jun. 15, 1814. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated into English using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution on the assessment of the domicile of Jews who have been ennobled and of those who have a wholesale trading privilege coming to Vienna.
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	No Jew may be admitted to the city unless he can prove with a certificate from his superiors that he is coming here for commercial or legal matters. Toleration may indeed be granted to ennobled Jews and to those Jews who are in possession of a wholesale trading privilege for an indefinite period of time, provided they do not make themselves unworthy of it.
5. Source	Franz Tobias Herzog, “Sammlung der Gesetze über das Politische Domicil im Kaiserthume Österreich [Collection of Laws on Political Domicile in the Austrian Empire],” Anton Edlen von Schmid, Vienna, 1837, pp. 156-157, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Chancellery Decree” issued by the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 3) The current [regulatory] measures are to be strictly maintained, so that those Jews, who cannot show/account for any work/employment or any need for their presence in Vienna to the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive, are denied permits/forms (‘Bolleten’) henceforth. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 8, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Getting married during advent” Court decree issued by Franz II
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Even though Jews are not to be prevented from getting married during advent or lent (time of fasting), they are, however, not to be seen participating in dance, music or similar kinds of amusements during these imperative times.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 172.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 19, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” ukase* issued by Tzar Alexander I
3. Geography of Act	Empire of Russia
4. Text of Act	The circumstances connected with the war were of a nature to complicate and suspend the transportation of the Jews. […] These complications can now[,] after the cessation of the war, be averted in the future by means of a gradual and most convenient arrangement of the work of transplantation. […] For these reasons we deem it right to lay down an arrangement by means of which the transplantation of the Jews, beginning with the date referred to above, may be carried out into effect, without the slightest delay and mitigation.
5. Source	Dubnow, S.M. (and translated from the Russian by Friedlanender): History of the Jews in Russia and Poland; From the Earliest Times Until the Present Day [1915]; (Philadelphia, 1918)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher *A proclamation by a Russian Emperor or government; an edict. The expulsion of Jews was to be spread over three years: one-third of the Jews were to be expelled in 1808; another third in 1809, and the last third in 1810. Committees were appointed to assist the governors in carrying out the expulsion degree.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 14, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court-Decree, issued by Francis II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Those officials or magistrates, who give permission to the Jews to obtain limited or unlimited property rights in real estate, shall be punished, without mercy, by having to pay an amount equal to the sale price into the fund for the poor of their community, and they shall confiscate any such unlawfully acquired real property, to be sold at auction for the benefit of the fund for the poor.
5. Source	Ebersberg, J.S. (ed.). Österreichischer Zuschauer. Jahrgang 1853. Zweiter Band [Austrian Spectator. 1853, Vol. 2]. Ueberreuter: Vienna, 1853. Page 1466.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 1, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not [to be] granted permission slips by the Royal Imperial Field and artillery headquarters for saltpeter and powder production. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 2, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Birth Announcement” ordinance issued by the Lower Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israelis who live here, and midwifes are to face a penalty of six Reichsthaler, if they fail to report the birth of an Israeli child to the Police authorities within 8 days.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 175.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The term “Israeli” was used to refer to the Jewish people throughout history before the State of Israel was formally established in 1948.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[… having heard] of the nonsense/mischief (‘Unfug’) that Jews are purchasing real estates illegally, His Royal Majesty have decided to set up serious and successful barriers [to this practice and] in order to enforce […] these existing laws, which prohibit Jews from purchasing realties, [he has decided] to republish them. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Commission Order” issued to the Recruitment/Drafting-District-Commissions
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Conscripting (Military Drafting) Officers are ordered to comport themselves according to the ordinance of December 9, 1807 […], namely to report cases where Jews who have unlawfully taken ownership of realties when they occur. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 21, 1807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Francis (Franz)
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	The Exclusion of Jews from the Powder and Nitric Acid. Jews are to be excluded completely from the powder and nitric acid trade […] or face confiscation [of the merchandize] and 8 fl. [gulden] fine. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Franz II was the last emperor (Kaiser) of the Holy Roman Emperor. He established the Austrian Empire in 1804 and reigned over it as Franz I (Francis I) until his death in 1835.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 1, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restrictions on Jews” issued by the Governments of Little Russia and New Russia
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	[…] No one among the Jews in any village or hamlet shall be permitted to hold any leases on land, to keep taverns, saloons, or inns, whether under his own name or under a strange name, or to sell wine in them, or even to live in them under any pretext whatever, except when passing through.
5. Source	Global Jewish Advocacy: Anti-Semitism: An Assault on Human Rights; Accessed online
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“State Regulations/Ordinances” (‘Landesherrliche Verordnungen’) issued by the Secret Council of the Grand Duchy of Baden, Police Department
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Baden
4. Text of Act	1) Regarding the treatment of transient (‘landfahrende’) [beggar] Jews. […] all Jews, who move around without a homeland, and who do not have a purpose other than to move from one place to another and to be guests of local Jews and to live off of them or to pursue minor trades with ribbons and [eye]-glasses and such things […] must from now on, be given a passport on which their route is clearly defined when they wish to travel through the domains of the Grand Duchy, and should they be found away from this path, [they should] be seen as vagabonds and treated as such […]
5. Source	Vollständige Sammlung der Großherzoglichen Badischen Regierungsblätter von deren Entstehung 1803 bis Ende 1833. Erster Band, enthält die Jahre 1803 bis Ende 1825. Carlsruhe und Baden; 1834); (Complete collection of governmental papers/documents of Grand-Duchy of Baden from its establishment in 1803 until its end in 1833. First volume, contains the years 1803 until 1825.); (Karlsruhe and Baden; 1834)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above regulation was made public via a governmental paper (‘Regierungsblatt’) of the Grand-Duchy of Baden on January 27, 1808.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 11, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews are completely [to be] excluded from trading with products (‘Productenhandel’). […]
5. Source	Handelsbuch der Handelsgesetze und des bei Anwendung derselben bei den Mercantil-Gerichten eintretenden Verfahrens, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher It is unclear from the text whether Jews were excluded from all trade with “products” or if it referred to specific products.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Infamous Decree” issued by Napolean
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Napoleon, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, and protector of the Confederation of the Rhine We have decreed the following: […] Titel II, 7. From now on […] no Jew shall engage in any trade, commerce, or deals without having received a certificate from the Prefect of the Department for that purpose; and only if the Municipal Council finds that said Jew did not engage in usury or illicit commerce;[…] 10. Any act of commerce done by an unlicensed Jew shall be null and void. Title III, 16. No Jew, currently domiciled in our départements of Haut and Bas Rhin, will henceforth be allowed to take up residence there.
5. Source	The Infamous Decret of 17 March 1808 (le-decret-infame-du-17-mars-1808), Juif.org; Accessed online
6. Researcher & Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 24, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The granting of residency-permits to Jews and their extension is to be done sparingly and with the utmost strictness. […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Vierter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Fourth Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 31, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Jerome I, King of Westphalia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 14. The marital status of Jews shall be clearly ascertained in front of the mayor or his deputy, beginning on May 1 of this year. […] Art. 15. Within three months from the publication of this decree, all Jews shall add a name to the name under which they are known, which is to become the distinguishing name of their family; they must register this name with the municipality of their residence, and neither they nor their children may change that name without our permission, under penalty of name-falsification. The mayors are to make sure that the Jews will neither adopt any names of cities, nor those of any prominent families.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 249.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 7, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Court Chancellery of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Only those Jews who have immigrated to Hungary, but neither obtained the right of land ownership by way of a ten-year residence, nor married there after their immigration, may be ordered to return to their birthplace.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 357.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] His Majesty, have come to the decision in reference to the Royal Court Chancellery Decree of May 7, 1808, that the ordered rejection of Jews who emigrate to Hungary from other hereditary lands back to their place of birth, are to only apply to those, who – after a decade of residency in Hungary - have not acquired the Inkolat* (‘Incolat’), or have not gotten married there after emigrating. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Hungary Researcher *Inkolat is an old term from the rights of the nobility and could either be obtained by birth or formal admission into the societies of knights. It could award the recipient permission to purchase or acquire noble estates or to participate in state councils etc.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§ 19 of the Sixth Constitutional Edict of June 14, 1808 on the rights of the Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Grand Duchy of Baden
4. Text of Act	The inhabitants of the Jewish nation can no longer be considered serfs or people subject to hereditary obligations, but are to be treated as citizens free of these obligations and enjoy all the general civil rights specified above,… [however] as long as they have not generally acquired an education sufficient to have the same type of food and ability to work as the Christian inhabitants, and as long as nothing else is subsequently decreed by state law, they should not be allowed to live in any place where there have not been up to now, without the consent of the local community and special permission from the regent …. [and] they will not be recognized as full citizens of the community, but only as protected citizens.
5. Source	Adolf Lewin, “Geschichte der badischen Juden seit der Regierung Karl Friedrichs (1738-1909) [History of the Baden Jews Since the Reign of Karl Friedrich (1738-1909)]", Commission Publishing House of the G. Braun Court Printing Office, Karlsruhe, 1909, pp. 82-83, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 14, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Lower Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Since […] a number of Israelis have been seen to be present/staying in Döbling, and Grinzing (‘Grünzing’) und Siefring for 2 to 4 weeks [at a time], the county office (‘Kreisamt’) of Vienna is ordered to make sure that the necessary authorities take appropriate actions. […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Döbling and Grinzing are now part of the 19th District of Vienna.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Decree Concerning Jews with No Fixed First of Family Names" Issued by Emperor Napoleon I, King of Italy and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Those amongst our subjects who follow the Hebrew religion, and who, up until now, have not had fixed surname or first names, shall be ordered to adopt one in the three months following the publication of this Our present decree, and to declare this fact before the civil status officer in the commune where they live. 2) Non-French Jews who come to live in the Empire and who are in the situation described in article 1 are ordered to complete the same formalities in the three months following their entry into France. 3) Names from the Old Testament and names of towns are expressly forbidden. The only names permitted are those authorised by the law of 11 Germinal, An XI. 4) The consistories are asked to make a list of Jews in their community and to check and to communicate to the authorities that the individuals on the list have fulfilled the conditions prescribed in the preceding articles. They shall also be asked to discover and communicate to the authorities the Jews who have changed their names but which are not in conformity with the dispositions of the above-mentioned law of 11 Germinal, An XI. 5) Those excepted from the dispositions of this decree are the Jews of our states and non-French Jews who come to settle here and whose first and surnames are known and have always been used, regardless of whether these first and surnames were taken from the Old Testament or from the towns in which they lived. 6) Those Jews mentioned in the previous article who wish to keep their first and surnames are nevertheless ordered to make a declaration of this; to wit: Jews from our states in front of the mayor of the commune in which they live; and non-French Jews before the mayor of the commune in which they intend to live; all within the time limit mentioned in article 1. 7) Those Jews who have not complied with the formalities prescribed in the present decree within the time limits mentioned will be expelled from the territory of the Empire: as for those who, in some public act or by some private obligation, arbitrarily change their name not in conformity with the dispositions of the law of 11 Germinal, will be punished according to the law, potentially as forgers, depending on the case. 8) Our Grand Judge Minister of Justice, and our ministers of the interior and of religion are charged inasmuch as it concerns them with the execution of the present decree. Signed by Napoleon Bonaparte I
5. Source	Bulletin des Lois 1808, Jean-Guillaume Locré: Législation civile, commerciale et criminelle, ou Commentaire et Criminelle au commentaire et compliment des Codes Français, Tires, Savoir (1836), p. 146, Accessed online
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 6, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	In case a Jewish father converts to the Christian faith/religion, all his children who have not reached the age of independence (‘annos discretionis’) are to follow the father and accept his religion.
5. Source	Repertorium über sämmtliche unter den Regierungen Ihrer Majestäten Josephs II, Leopolds II., und seiner jetzt regierenden Majestät Franz I. erflossenen und in dieser Gesetzsammlung enthaltenen Gesetze und Verfassungen im Justiz-Fache, vom Jahre 1780 bis Ende des Jahres 1820. (Wien; 1823); (Repertory of all laws and constitutions issued under his majesties Joseph I, Leopold II, and the current ruler, his Majesty Franz I, from 1780 to the end of 1820.); (Vienna; 1823)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1808
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Resolution Whether Jews are Allowed to Own Land" issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	In response to a Jewish merchant's inquiry whether Jews are allowed to own land in Poland, the Prussian government refers to a law issued on November 19, 1808, which prohibits Jews from acquiring land. It is said that even though this law was never formally published in the former Duchy of Warsaw, it is nonetheless valid, as it is for him.
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremias.: Sammlung der religiösen und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königl. Preuß Staaten betreffend den Gesetze, Vervordnungen, Gutaschten, Berichte und Erkenntinisse. 1831; p. 40.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	Researcher This notice is from 5/19/1828 validating the law of 11/19/1808, which is stated as "never formally published."

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1809
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	XXX. Each local synagogue must have among its officers a local rabbi, who must be a learned man, examined according to regulations, appointed by the local authority and confirmed by the provincial government, as well as a local elder, appointed from among the most educated Jewish citizens, and confirmed by the same authority overseeing his synagogue. The former is responsible for religious instruction, while both are responsible for temple doctrine and discipline, for supporting the enforcement of any orders from the authorities regarding Jews, and for executing any lawful orders from their provincial synagogue.
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremiah (Ed.). Sammlung der die religiöse und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königlich Preussischen Staaten betreffenden Gesetze, Verordnungen, Gutachten, Berichte und Erkenntnisse (Collection of Laws, Ordinances, Evaluations, Reports and Findings Regarding the Religious and Civil Constitution of the Jews in the Prussian States). Heymann: Berlin, 1831. Page 476.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None