Acts – Page 115 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 13, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” by the Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are to be excluded from purchasing or selling any food items.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 220.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 14, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the government of Denmark
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	3. All business documents of confessors of the Mosaic religion must be written in German or Danish. 9. Synagogues shall not be established without permission by the King. 19. Foreign Jews may only stay in Denmark temporarily, for 14 days; any longer stay needs special permission by the local authorities.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsre Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. Page 7.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 10, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Kingdom of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	The Jewish Decree of 1813…Edict Concerning the Conditions of Members of the Jewish Religion in the Kingdom of Bavaria…Art. 1 Only those Jewish coreligionists who have legally received the right of residence in Our states [sic] can acquire the civic rights and privileges set forth in this Edict. Art. 2 Registration in the Jewish Lists to be opened in our police offices is a prerequisite for the enjoyment of such rights and privileges. Art. 3 For that purpose, all Jews presently in our Kingdom must report within three months of the publication of this Edict at the police office of their place of residence ... Art. 4 The police office shall check the residence documentation against Our earlier Edicts and Declarations…and, if found valid, shall require of [each] Jew a declaration (1) whether he will accept a family name if he does not have one yet, and, [if he does], which [name], and (2) whether he will take the oath of loyalty as stated in the Constitution…Art. 6 The police office shall submit the declarations thus given to the General Commissariat, which will decide whether the Jew is suitable for inclusion in the [Jewish] roll. Art. 7 If the General Commissariat finds the Jew eligible for inclusion in the roll, [the Jew] must swear the oath of loyalty prescribed above on the Bible, whereupon his admission to the roll occurs, and he will receive an excerpt [of this] for his own legitimation, [and this] will replace for him and his descendents the previous letters of protection…Art. 8 The roll must contain the old and the new names of Jewish families ...Art. 9 The Jew is required to use the new name registered in the roll in all of his dealings. Art. 10 Those Jews who, within three months, either 1. do not submit their document of admittance, or refuse 2. to accept a family name, or 3. to take the oath of loyalty, shall be treated henceforth simply as foreign Jews. Art. 11 Any immigration and settlement of foreign Jews in the kingdom is strictly prohibited. Art. 12 The number of Jewish families in communities where they presently reside ought, as a rule, not be increased, but should, on the contrary, be gradually diminished if it is too large. Art. 13 Settlement in excess in communities where Jews already live, or settlement in areas where there are as yet no Jews, can be permitted only by the highest authority…Art. 21 All Jewish corporations still existing in the kingdom are to be dissolved, ...The dissolution shall be effective within six months after publication of this Edict…Art. 22 The Jews living in the various parts of the kingdom…do not form separate Jewish communities but, in community affairs, join the Christian inhabitants of the area with whom they will form only one community. They share with the other inhabitants the rights and obligations of the community, with the exception that Jews engaged in irregular commercial activity have no right to use and no share in the community lands of the places where they live…Art. 25 Where they do not form a congregation, they are restricted to private worship at home, …Where there is a synagogue, no one other than the rabbi or an authorized substitute is allowed to perform religious functions…Art. 27 A Jew nominated as rabbi or as substitute must (a) be registered as a royal subject in the roll, (b) have command of the German language and in general have a scholarly education, (c) be without the blemish of usury or of fraudulent bankruptcy and otherwise lead a good and moral life…The Jews living in Our realm will gratefully perceive in these regulations a demonstration of Our concern extending to the welfare of all Our subjects, because all of the police offices will have to work strenuously so that this ordinance may be fully implemented, for which reason we have had this brought to public attention through the official gazette. Munich, 10 June 1813.
5. Source	“The People speak!: Anti-semitism and emancipation in nineteenth-century Bavaria.” James F. Harris, Appendix A; Pg 241
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 15, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” (“Gubernialverordnung”) issued by the Government of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	“[…] 13) All administrative bodies (‘Ämter’) and guilds (‘Zünfte’) are hereby informed that only the competent authorities are permitted to grant their native Jews - whom they are to keep track of - permission to learn a craft and all foreign authorities are to abstain from such [decisions] completely as it is such nonsense that paves the way for the circumvention of the law.“
5. Source	Kanka, Johann, editor: Vortsetzung der von Johann Roth verfaßten Sammlung aller in dem königreiche Böhmen kundgemachten Gesetze und Verordnungen in alphabetischer Ordnung gereiht. Die Gesetze und Verordnungen vom Jahre 1802 bis Ende des Jahres 1818 in sich fassend. (Prag, 1824); (Continuation of the Collection of all laws and Ordinances made public in the Kingdom of Bohemia in Alphabetic Order as collected by Johann Roth. Laws and Ordinances from 1802 until the end of 1818 inclusive.); (Prague; 1824)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2017 Translation
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 29, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Livonian government (‘Gouvernementsregierung’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Latvia
4. Text of Act	Ordinance, which all Jews who are present or arrive in the government-city Riga are to comply with. […] 3) Those Jews/Hebrews who have been registered as part of the merchants-community or those who are kept there in order to contribute to the coronation-levies - who are obliged to remain in the area of Sloka (‘Schlocken’) - are considered arriving Hebrews/Jews. And must, therefore, comply with the local ordinances […] The police-authorities are to keep a watchful eye that no new Jews/Hebrews from Sloka establishes himself and settles here. […] 5) All these Jews/Hebrews may pursue their trade, art, and craftsmanship […] only to the extent to which they have been authorized by imperial laws. […] 8) All arriving Jews/Hebrews must find accommodation in the [Jewish-]hostel [exceptions are made]. 13) […] Arriving Jews/Hebrews must first report to the appropriate local authorities […]
5. Source	Buchholz, Anton: Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842. Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. (History of the Jews in Riga until the foundation of the Hebrew community of Riga in the year 1842. Published by the Society for History and Antiquity of the Baltic-See provinces of Russia.); (Riga; 1899);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above ordinance contains 14 points and is several pages long and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. It can be found in its entirety in the cited source. The document is signed by General Adjutant Marquis Paulucci. J. Du Hamel, Civil-Governor. G. Von Rickmann, and Carl Dahl, Government-Councils. Secretary Hehn.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 7, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act	Jews, following a Royal Resolution of May 24 last [year], cannot be school patrons.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 79.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher School commissions consisted of a chairman and "school patrons," i.e., people who owned more than 32 barrels of grain, as well as school principals who were appointed among peasants by the county school board. School commissions served for 2 years at a time.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 24, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Official procedure issued by the Princely Schaumburg-Lippe Government concerning the procedure to be observed in the case of cattle plague.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
4. Text of Act	As cattle plague has broken out in the local principality in the Budeburg, Arensburg, and Blomburg districts, and the necessary measures to prevent the further spread of this harmful disease have been issued … the following is announced, according to which every resident of the country must respect to avert harm and inconvenience. … 5) The domestic trade in cattle is placed under official supervision in such a way that no head of cattle may be bought or sold without written official permission. Jewish traders and butchers are prohibited from entering stables under a fine of five Thalers, and all subjects are prohibited from buying foreign cattle under penalty of twenty thalers and the confiscation of the cattle.
5. Source	“Schaumburg-Lippische Landesverordnungen [Schaumburg-Lippe State Regulations],” Vol. 4, Budeburg, 1837, p. 264, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 4, 1813
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation regarding “Legitimation" of Jews issued by the Prussian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	The execution of the edict from March 11, 1812, requires the following additional regulations: 1) The registers/records of Jewish families living in the Kurmark/Electorate of Marck […] have been finalized for the most part, and therefore, it is mostly known which heads-of-families and […] family members are to be recognized as residents and Prussian citizens, […] all Jew are to legitimize themselves in the following manner. 1) All independent/self-employed individuals (heads-of-families), namely a) those, who were already in the domain before March 24, 1812, by producing a letter-of-citizenship issued by the government; b) those foreigners who were naturalized after March 24, 1812, by producing a naturalization-record from the common royal police-department. […]
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremiah: Sammlung der die religiöse und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königlich Preussischen Staaten betreffenden Gesetze, Verordnungen, Gutachten, Berichte und Erkenntnisse (Collection of laws, ordinances, evaluations, reports and findings regarding the religious and civil constitution of Jews in the Prussian States). (Glogow; 1831)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above regulation has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space and can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	'Teaching of Jewish children' […] The duty to report and to return found items is to be inculcated often/repeatedly in Jewish schools. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Royal Ministry of Justice concerning the exclusion of Jewish doctors from autopsies, issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia.
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	The courts are instructed that, in cases of autopsies, when a Christian physician can be called in to replace the district or city physician, a Jewish doctor should not be employed. This is because, according to Section 23 of the regulation from 11th March 1812 concerning the civil status of Jews, Jewish individuals do not possess full legal credibility in criminal cases before the court.
5. Source	W.G. von der Heyde, “Repertorium Der Polizeigesetze und Verordnungen in Den Königlich Preußischen Staaten [Repertory of Police Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian States],” Vol. 1, Halle, 1819, p. 317, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 7, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ regarding the admission of peddling-Jews as citizens” issued by Frederick Francis (‘Friedrich Franz’), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	[…] We remind herewith all city-authorities in our lands not to admit Jews who have been authorized/privileged to peddle as citizen without requesting permission from Our government first so that they are not illegally granting them rights of citizenship that go against Our constitution of February 22, 1813. […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (“Collection of Laws for the territories of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second issue, containing the period starting with the beginning of this century to the year 1852. Published by H. F. W. Raabe, Chancellery-Council.”); (1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Decree” (“Hofkanzleydecret”) issued by the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Regarding assessment of the toleration-tax, it is to be distinguished, a) between those Israelis, who engage in trades that are subject to a business-tax b) those who do not engage/have such a business/employment. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I; (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Frederick VI, King of Denmark
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	2. Immediately after the proclamation of this ordinance, the police departments of every administrative district shall produce a roster of all resident confessors of the Mosaic religion, and send this list to our Danish Chancellery. The same kind of list shall be sent in by the end of every January. 3. All debtor’s notes, testaments, marriage contracts, as well as all other documents that are produced by confessors of the Mosaic Religion, shall, in order to be valid, be written in German or Danish with Gothic or Latin letters, and the issuers shall use the convention of time and date commonly used in Our realm and Our lands. The same requirements apply to all business ledgers. 9. No synagogue may be maintained without Our most merciful and special permission. 19. Anyone who professes to the Mosaic religion and who is allowed to live longer in Denmark than is necessary for mere transit, for which at most a 14-day period is allowed, is obliged, regardless of gender or age, and under a penalty of 50 to 1,000 silver speciesthalers, to submit an application for any extended stay to the Chancellery, which We have authorized Our Danish Chancellery to grant, depending on the circumstances, for several months. Should the foreigner, during his stay, be found guilty of illegal trade, begging, or other unlawful conduct, he shall, in addition to being prosecuted and punished according to the law, immediately after the punishment is complete, be removed from the country by the police.
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremiah (Ed.). Sammlung der die religiöse und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königlich Preussischen Staaten betreffenden Gesetze, Verordnungen, Gutachten, Berichte und Erkenntnisse [Collection of Laws, Ordinances, Evaluations, Reports and Findings Regarding the Religious and Civil Constitution of the Jews in the Prussian States]. Heymann: Berlin, 1831. Page 445.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Decree, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Representatives of the Jewish Community in Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	His Majesty, with regard to teaching at the schools for the youth of the Mosaic creed, has most graciously determined: 1) that all instruction at the above-referenced schools must be given in the Danish language; 2) that the teaching of religion must be conducted according to the most carefully approved textbook provided to the representatives; 3) that a selection of the prayers in the Hebrew prayer-book shall be translated into Danish, and then daily prayers be held in these schools, twice a day; 4) that the provisions concerning the teaching of religion and the practice of devotion shall also apply to girls – who shall not be given any instruction whatsoever in the Hebrew language; 5) that no confessor of the Mosaic religion, regardless of whether he or she is attending a Jewish or a Christian school, shall be able to evade being taught in the manner provided for in the second paragraph; and 6) that it shall not be left to the fathers of the Mosaic creed to decide anything about the subjects in which their children are to be taught in school.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 315.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 16, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree banning assistance to foreign and unprotected Jews by local protected Jews, and on foreign Jews at market.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Hanover
4. Text of Act	Any treacherous Jew in the country who in the future dares to give shelter to a foreign, unknown Jew or even a beggar Jew, or to provide him with any assistance, shall, in addition to a fine of ten thalers for the informer, be punished with the … loss of his protection. … No foreign Jew will be admitted to the public annual markets unless he is either protected in the neighboring countries and cities, or at least in the service of a protected Jew as a servant, and is able to prove this with a pass issued by his superiors and for the respective market trip, and also pay at least a sum of twenty-five thalers in cash, and these passes, as well as the cash, are to be presented to the authorities by Jews upon their arrival, and from them, if everything is found to be correct, a permit for the market time is to be issued, which authorizes the innkeepers in any place to accommodate such foreign Jews for as long as the fair lasts. However, any innkeeper who accommodates a foreign Jew for more than 24 hours after the end of the fair is to be punished on the first occasion with a fine of ten thalers for the informer, and on the second occasion, in addition to this fine, with eight days in prison.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hannöverschen Landesverordnungen und Ausschreiben, des Jahrs 1814 [Collection of Hanoverian State Regulations and Announcements, from the year 1814],” Hannover, 1814, pp. 462-463, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 17, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“The Jewish Clause” issued by Norwegian government
3. Geography of Act	Norway
4. Text of Act	Jews are furthermore excluded from the Kingdom.
5. Source	"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway." 1814; and Gammelgaard, K. & Holmøyvik, E. Writing Democracy: The Norwegian Constitution 1814-2014. Berghahn: New York, 2014. p. 1.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 15, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order against the entry of foreign Jews into the Kingdom of Württemberg.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	I. No foreign Jew shall be allowed entry into the Kingdom unless he is genuinely domiciled abroad, or at least in the service of a foreign resident ‘Schutzjude’ (protected Jew), and provided with an official passport, which clearly specifies the purpose of his journey. In addition, it is required that the individual carries at least the sum of 25 florins in cash or valuables, or is backed by a security in this amount from a known local person,… IV. Foreign merchant Jews are limited to attending fairs, and must have their passport verified not only at the border but also at the location of the fair by the authorities. It is explicitly forbidden for them to peddle outside of the fairs. … VI. Should foreign beggar Jews or other homeless and itinerant Jews without proper employment sneak into the Kingdom, they must be stopped and investigated. Even if they are not found guilty of any crime or association with criminals, due to their wandering in violation of police laws, a report must be made to the Royal Police Ministry to determine appropriate action, including potentially placing them in a workhouse.
5. Source	Friedrich F. Mayer, “Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze in Betreff der Israeliten, [Collection of Württemberg Laws Concerning the Israelites],” Ludw. Friedr. Fueg., 1847, p. 17-18, available from digitale-sammlungen.de and babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher This Act reiterates the measures included in the Regulation concerning police measures against vagrants and other persons who endanger public safety, dated Sep. 11, 1807, and the Order of the Supreme Government concerning foreign begging Jews, dated Mar. 28, 1811. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated into English using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 21, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prohibition regarding the hiring of foreign Jewish (trade-)aids (’Handlungsknechte’) issued by the Grand Duke Fredrick Francis I (‘Friedrich Franz’) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	Fredrick Francis […] Since it still occurs that a number of local Jews take on foreigns, who are of their religion, as trade aids and servants, in violation of the explicit order [as defined] in § III. of Our constitution from February 22, 1813, which is why Our Ordinance from August 14, 1810, is herewith renewed emphatically and all Jewish denizens, who do not have a peddling-license (‘Hausir-Concession’) are seriously reminded of the aforementioned prohibition in § III. at the [threat] of twenty Rthlr [Reichsthaler] for each transgression […] Everyone is ordered to dismiss all already hired foreign trade-aids and servants within three months and to refrain from taking on such Jews into their service in the future, except those who have been legitimized by Our tax-commission and via an attest […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (Collection of Laws for the lands/region of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second edition, covering the period starting this century until 1852. Edited by H. F. W. Raabe, advocate. Volume IV.); (1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 4, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Ordinance” issued by the Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] the authorization [for Israeli apprentices] to stay [in Vienna] is valid for only one year after which a renewal must be requested from the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government ('k. k. n. ö. Regierung') […] the employers ('Dienstgeber') must, furthermore, report such individuals to the Royal Imperial Chief Police Directive/Authority ('k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection') if they drop-out before the year ends […] he (employer) is also – just as the Israeli family-father ('israelischer Familienvater') – liable that such individuals do not pursue other trades. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I; (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 19, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Lower Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israeli editors/correctors (‘Correctoren’) are to receive […] residency permits for only 3 years at a time for the duration of their service. […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume. (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Ordinance” ('Gubernial-Verordnung')
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Marriages of Jews who do not have the approval of the County Office (‘kreisamtliche Bewilligung’) are to be considered void […] the approval of the County Office (‘kreisamtliche Bewilligung’) must also be requested when exchanging the bride [for another]. […]
5. Source	Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regarding fees for Jewish marriages” issued by the Grand Duke Fredrick Francis I (‘Friedrich Franz’) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	Fredrick Francis […] if a Jewish denizen marries a local or a foreign female person (‘Frauensperson’) in our lands/territories, he shall be required to pay the hazzan (‘Vorsänger)* and the Schulklopfer (‘Schul-klöpfer’)** of his place of residency 1/2 a percent (of the worth) of the dowry of his wife as fees […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (Collection of Laws for the lands/region of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second edition, covering the period starting with this century until 1852. Edited by H. F. W. Raabe, advocate. Volume IV.); (1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A hazzan/chazzan is a Jewish musician who is trained in the art of leading a congregation through prayer. *A Schulklopfer is someone who calls the Jewish community to prayer.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 7, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript concerning the entry of foreigners into merchants' houses during church services.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
4. Text of Act	From a petition by the local protected Jews, the government has learned that the Princely Police Commission has forbidden [Jewish] merchants to admit foreigners in their houses during church services. The government is of the opinion that [Jewish] merchants must be allowed to take foreigners who come to them into their houses; however, the shops must be locked and any trading remains prohibited under penalty of five thalers.
5. Source	“Schaumburg-Lippische Landesverordnungen [Schaumburg-Lippe State Regulations],” Vol. 4, Budeburg, 1837, p. 283, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 22, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	The use of Hebrew is to be ceased in any legal/court or non-legal dealings.
5. Source	Repertorium über sämmtliche unter den Regierungen Ihrer Majestäten Josephs II, Leopolds II., und seiner jetzt regierenden Majestät Franz I. erflossenen und in dieser Gesetzsammlung enthaltenen Gesetze und Verfassungen im Justiz-Fache, vom Jahre 1780 bis Ende des Jahres 1820. (Wien; 1823); (Repertory of all laws and constitutions issued under his majesties Joseph I, Leopold II, and the current ruler, his Majesty Franz I, from 1780 to the end of 1820.); (Vienna; 1823)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1814
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Emperor Francis
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] the use of Hebrew and the so-called Jewish language and script is to be eliminated from all public, legal and extra-judicial activities (‘Handlungen’), and instead the language that is customary in the land (‘landesüblich’) is to be used in the future, and after the announcement of this highest order, all instruments (documents) written in the Hebrew language or even ones using the Hebrew or Jewish script are to be regarded as invalid and void. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None