Acts – Page 117 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to harbor/take on/admit/hire foreign Jews by locals” (‘Aufnahme’) issued by Frederich Francis (‘Friedrich Franz’), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	[…] All authorities, both in the cities as well as on the countryside, especially in Dargun and [Bad] Doberan are herewith graciously reminded at the threat of a fine of twenty Rthlr [Reichsthaler] to make sure in all earnestness that no foreign Jews is to be taken on by a conceded/protected-Jew (‘concessionierten Juden’) under any pretext […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (Collection of Laws for the territories of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second issue, containing the period starting with the beginning of this century to the year 1852. Published by H. F. W. Raabe, Chancellery-Council.); (1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Frederick William III
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Frederick William (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’), King of Prussia by the grace of God, announce herewith and let it be known: […] that 1) the valid patronage-laws pertaining to Christians churches [in the new provinces] are to be put on hold for properties and land that are owned by Jews […] 2) so that provincial-offices can establish a priest and church-aids and a school teacher for an Evangelical church and the bishops for a catholic church as if there were no patron or as if these rights had been transferred to them […] 4) [Jewish owner of such properties] however, need to continue to make the necessary contributions and offer the same services using their earnings from such properties […] 5) If the property belongs to a community, their Jewish members may not take part in it [but] they must contribute [to any expenses …] like the other members of the community […] for the upkeep of the church-systems since these appear to disappear with the [increased] settlement of Jewish citizens […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 26, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Decree” issued by Austrian Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] No Israeli is permitted to assume the administration, sequestration, leasing or purchasing of an immovable good – either under his own or someone else’s name. […] Deeds, whereby an Israeli has illegally gained possession of an immovable good, are invalid, and therefore, legally unbinding – no matter whether it was signed by the Israeli himself or for him by a third party as well as any other sham operations/actions ('Scheinhandlungen') with the same aim – regardless of how they may have occurred. […] Israelis who have acted in violation of this ordinance are to be fined in the amount consisting of 1/3 of the value of the realty which they sought to take possession of […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher If the collection of the fine was in-executable a prison sentence of 1-3 months could be imposed instead, and/or the cancellation of their toleration permit.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 27, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Decree” issued to all State Councils by the Royal Chancellery on Behalf of His Majesty (‘Länder-Präsidien’)
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] His Majesty also wishes to graciously allow individual Jews [to trade with grain], if they are able to purchase grains in large quantities and to offer these at more reasonable prices at current markets in order to improve the import of grains to Vienna […] however, if such Jews do not (or are not able to) maintain such trade, the granted permission is to be revoked by the State Bureaus (‘Landes-Präsidium’) without further ado which is to be explained to them (Jews) beforehand. […].
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Jews in Austria were permitted – on and off (though, mostly off) to trade with grains between the 17th and 19th centuries.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 5, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“On Order of His Majesty the King” publicized by the Royal State Ministry of the Interior
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] that he* shall satisfy the ordinances of June 10, 1813, §4, §5, §7, §8, and §9 with regards to the selection of a family (last) name, and the swearing of the oath of a subject; which is to be required in the future from all new Jews who wish to settle down [in the land]. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *Even though this order was technically directed at a Jew named Westheimer, it was used as a precedent and to confirm and expand on the existing laws.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 11, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Those foreign Jews, employed in Prague as Jewish home teachers, are to be deported immediately from there; this is to happen, as well, with those Jewish home teachers not born in Bohemia, but in other crown lands, and who crept into Bohemia after the issuance of the court decree of November 17, 1808.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1801 bis Ende 1825. Siebenter Band. (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1801 until the End of 1825. Volume VII). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1829. Page 226.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The Austrian court decree of November 17, 1808, instructed the Jews of Prague to employ only those as home teachers who had the proper Bohemian credentials as Jewish home teachers, as well as the appropriate permits and letters of protection.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 22, 1816
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript, issued by Frederick I, King of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 1 – In towns where no Jews have resided in the past, none shall be admitted in the future. Art. 3 – No domestic Jew shall receive permission to start a household of his own, if he cannot produce evidence of the means for an honest livelihood.
5. Source	Mayer, F.F. (ed.). Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze in Betreff der Israeliten [Collection of Württembergian Laws Regarding the Israelites]. Fues: Tübingen, 1847. Page 20.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Code Camachi” issued by Alexander Monize
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Section 1430 of Code Cahmachi forbids Jews of Romania to acquire real property. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 24, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the State-Directorate (‘Landesdirection’)
3. Geography of Act	Grand Duchy of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) [Jewish] Property owners have the right to take on new tenants, however, in each case, the permission of the assigned court officer of the General-District-Commissioners (‘General-Kreis-Kommissäre’) is to be sought out […] but not to be made difficult by any party. 2) The current ordinances in the ‘Jewish-Protection’* [edict] is to remain valid until a different decision has been made. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *This edict was publicized in the Grand Duchy of Würzburg in 1817.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 28, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] even though the granting of wholesale-trade permits to Israelis by the Royal Court Commerce Commission paves the way to the acquisition of tolerance [permits for them], [the issuance of such tolerance permits] by the Royal Imperial Court Chancellery will always be done after consultation with the Royal Imperial Commerce Commission.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 28, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Chancellery Decree the marriage of Jewish sons of deceased fathers.
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	If, after the death of a tolerated Jew in Vienna, his sons, to whom the father’s tolerance does not extend, but who are instead registered under the family list of their tolerant brother or another tolerated individual, wish to marry in Vienna, the condition for the establishment of their domicile must be strictly adhered to. However, the marriage permit itself can only be issued by the regional authorities of the province where such an Israelite has received his family domicile, because in such cases, securing the family domicile applies not only to the wife and children left behind but also to the husband and head of the family himself. If his residence becomes such that he can no longer remain in the family list in Vienna, he must then relocate accordingly, which could not happen without the prior knowledge and approval of the competent regional authorities.
5. Source	Franz Tobias Herzog, “Sammlung der Gesetze über das Politische Domicil im Kaiserthume Österreich [Collection of Laws on Political Domicile in the Austrian Empire],” Anton Edlen von Schmid, Vienna, 1837, pp. 158-159, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of the Royal Imperial Chancellery ('Hofkanzleydecret')
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] even though the Jewish heads of households are no longer required to house their employees [in their own homes] […] they are not released of their legally incumbent liability to be responsible for their servants/employees (‘Dienstleute’), especially so that their servants/employees do not engage in any trade of their own. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regarding the hospitalization costs of venereal Jews in hospitals: The Copenhagen Magistrate shall announce to the Representatives of the Mosaic faith community that such individuals should generally not be admitted to the hospitals for the poor, without a request of the Representatives; it does not follow, however, that the absence of such a request should, in any case, preclude the right of the poor-hospital to demand payment from the Mosaic faith community for the treatment of some of its members. If an individual from that community has arrived at, or is admitted to one of the hospitals for the indigent, by police action, it shall be considered perfectly justified to claim reimbursement from their congregation.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 345.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 12, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regarding the auditing of the accounts of the Jewish community's income and expenditures in Copenhagen: On the occasion of reviewing the fact that the representatives of the Mosaic faith community, despite the regulations of March 29, 1814 (Art. 7), do not forward their annual accounting of the income and expenditures of their community with due promptness, and the opinion of said representatives that their congregation's accounts, according to the highest rescript of May 22, 1816, should not have to be submitted to the Chancellery for inspection, the Copenhagen Magistrate, in his letter dated March 24, 1817, petitioned that the Jewish accountants, by coercive means, must be required to submit their audit within a specific time frame. The Chancellery does not fail to report on this occasion most conveniently: 1) that the Magistrate may impose on the accountants a daily fine of 1 silver imperial thaler, which shall double after eight days, is imposed weekly and payable within four weeks, and 2) that the rescript of May 22, 1816, does not make any change in the regulations of March 29, 1814, Art. 7 with regard to the mandatory audits of the accounts of the Mosaic faith community.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 240.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	It also goes against any decency (it is out of the question), to grant temporary residency to those Israelis, who have completed their medical studies (well) and who are suitable to be employed as assistant doctors (‘Secundärzte’) or surgeons (‘Wundärzte’) in the local lazaretto* of Vienna […] or [just as well] to allow [this to] other Israeli co-religionists, who are staying (are present) temporarily for significant reasons in Vienna to carry out their [legal] affairs/businesses; in such cases, a toleration [permit] is out of the question.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor According to merriam-webster.com on 3/19/2021, a lazaretto is "an isolation hospital for people with infectious diseases, especially leprosy or plague."

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 22, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Passport Edict, issued by Frederick William I, King in Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Part III, Section 14: All Jews who are not citizens have to carry a passport even within Prussia, whenever they travel.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens in Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 281.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript of the Princely Schaumburg-Lippe Police Commission on peddling.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
4. Text of Act	The authorities and magistrates cannot be unaware that the police commission had already decreed on April 1, 1789 that Jews living in towns and villages, whether they were peddling their goods or selling them, were not permitted to do so in the countryside,… Offices and magistrates are therefore hereby instructed to repeatedly announce this ban on peddling in their jurisdictions,… with the addition that every contravention should be punished with a fine of five thalers for the first time, but every repeated contravention with ten thalers, and if deemed necessary, even more severe punishment
5. Source	“Schaumburg-Lippische Landesverordnungen [Schaumburg-Lippe State Regulations],” Vol. 4, Budeburg, 1837, p. 344-345, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] whether Israelis are to be permitted to be[come] meat-hewers* ('Fleischaushauen'), His Majesty have let it be known [Their] highest opinion in that regard, and that is that generally speaking, Israelis are not to be granted permission for meat-crushing* ('Fleischausschrotung'); however, that if one or the other were to seek out [such permission] – in each case the highest decision/consent would have to be obtained. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *Both of these terms refer to a butcher.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to the Galician Government
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	The various high and highest ordinances regarding Jewish matters – and finally the Royal Court Chancellery Decree (‘Hofkanzleydecret’) from February 28, 1817, determine emphatically, that the number of tolerated Israeli in Vienna are to increase as little as possible – and only in extraordinary cases. Equally, according to exiting ordinances, the temporary residency/presence of Israelis, who belong to other domestic provinces, are to be restricted in Vienna, and even those, who have signed delivery contracts with the highest/chief treasury during the wars, which have taken place in the city, have been obliged to make sure that their adopted contract commitments be satisfied without their personal presence. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Poland and Ukraine

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 6, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Royal Commission for Commerce
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	In cases that deal with the application of a large/wholesale [permit] for Jews who are not tolerated in Vienna, the Royal Commission for Commerce is to seek the preliminary consent of the Royal Imperial Royal Court Chancellery (‘k. k. Hofkanzley’) with regards to the granting of the toleration [permit]. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 29, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Academic Honorary Titles” decree of the court commission of studying
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jew can become faculty members; however, they cannot be awarded any honorary medals (Würden) as these require that the recipient take part in (Christian) religious ceremonies […].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 276.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 3, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision” of the Highest Order*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Permit-Fees for Jews (‘Juden-Bolletengebühr’) is henceforth to be collected (‘taken’) according to [these] two classes/categories. […] ‘First class/category’: […] wholesalers, formal merchants and their managing directors.. […]‘Second class/category’: […] junk-shop-Jews (‘Trödeljuden’) and all other (remaining) common Jews. […] The Jewish-permit fee for the first class/group is increased to 4 fl. metal-coin. […] the fee for the second class/group is set at 2 fl. metal-coins. […] the permit-fee for foreign Jews of each class is to be increased by another half (50% more). […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *An order issued by the “highest order” usually meant issued by the Emperor himself.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Suspension of the free constitution for Jews” issued by the Grand Duke Fredrick Francis I (‘Friedrich Franz’) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	Fredrick Francis […] the aforementioned constitution of February 22, 1813 […] shall be suspended […] and that the rights of Jews will follow (be defined) by the general orders/decisions of the Federal-Assembly (‘Bundes-Versammlung’). It is our intention that no foreign Jew is to be privileged meanwhile in Our lands/territories, and that local Jews shall only receive trade-privileges/permits in emergencies (great need) as per Our estimation […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (Collection of Laws for the lands/region of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second edition, covering the period starting with this century until 1852. Edited by H. F. W. Raabe, advocate. Volume IV.); (1852)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 21, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree [Regarding the] Jewish Residency Permit Fees Increase” issued by the Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Since his Majesty has approved the establishment and endowment of a separate police fund for Vienna via the highest decision of the 3rd of this month, [he’s also approved] a fee increase for the so-called ‘Boletten’ (permits), which the Israelis who are coming to Vienna for a 14 days stay are to pay […] the fee increase is to be separated into two categories (classes) […] into the first category, belong wholesalers, formal businessmen and their representatives […] into the second category […] fall all other common trade and peddling Jews […].
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 23, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ regarding the admission of peddling-Jews as citizens” issued by Frederick Francis (‘Friedrich Franz’), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	We graciously order you herewith: […] neither native nor foreign Jews are to be permitted to bid during your public auctions for land/real-estate […].
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (“Collection of Laws for the territories of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second issue, containing the period starting with the beginning of this century to the year 1852. Published by H. F. W. Raabe, Chancellery-Council.”); (1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None