Acts – Page 118 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 5, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript regarding the Jews moving/resettling from Chelmno and Michalow" issued by the Royal Ministry of the Interior and addressed to the government of Marienwerder
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the general regulations regarding matters pertaining to [the attainment of] citizenship for Jews in the new[ly acquired] provinces are not established yet, and therefore, Jews must be treated according to the previous constitutions which were inherited. [As to the question] whether Jews are to be permitted to move [from the districts of Chelmno and Michalow to the Grand-Duchy of Posen and vice a versa] it really depends. In the former case, this may still be allowed with little concern, not the latter [case], however. […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 16, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Justice Department of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Any and all contracts between Jews and Christian subjects are null and void, with the exception of those made in open, public markets, as well as those confirmed by the local authority of the Christian.
5. Source	Kappler, F. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Collection of the Laws of Württemberg). Fues: Tübingen, 1839. Vol. 7. Page 548.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 28, 1817
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Widows of such Jews who were awarded their letter of tolerance after May 9, 1807, shall, unless they continue the business of the deceased, remove themselves from the roster of Jewish families. At the same time, it is to be investigated whether the widow could not be made to take the children with her, instead of leaving them with the oldest son or brother who is continuing the fatherly tolerance, since otherwise, when he should get married, a single family of Israelites would grow too much.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 361.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Code of John of Caradja”
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Code of John of Caradja of Wallachia repeats the ancient church laws against allowing Jews to bear witness against Christians. Chances, Jerome A.: Anti-Semitism – A Reference Book; (2012)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 20, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal order, issued by Frederick VI, King of Denmark, to the Elders of the Copenhagen Jewry
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Our most important will and command is that you take the opportunity, after conferring upon this in meeting, to draft and submit to Our Danish Chancellery a draft of a church ceremony or ritual for the Mosaic believers to use during their religious services in the synagogues, so that We may consider thereupon whether it would be considered necessary to erect an appropriate building for the religious gatherings of these faithful, here in the city. Finally, We authorize you to enter into correspondence and submit details for the proper promotion of the case. Six attachments are included, for use and guidance in the case. Thus, do Our will!
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 200.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Cabinets-Order” issued by the Prussian Cabinet
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] as long as the conditions for Jews to gain citizenship have not been determined for the newly and re-captured/conquered provinces, Jews are not to be permitted to relocate into provinces which have a different Jewish-constitution […]
5. Source	Ergänzungen des Allgemeinen Landesrechts für die Preußischen Staaten enthaltend eine vollständige Zusammenstellung aller noch geltenden, das Allgemeine Landrecht abändernden, ergänzenden und erläuternden Gesetze, Verordnungen und Ministerialverfügungen nebst einem chronologischen Verzeichnisse derselben und Register herausgegeben von Friedrich Heinrich von Strombeck, königlich Preußischem Geheimen Justiz- und Oberlandesgerichts-Raths. Dritte, sehr vermehrte und verbesserte Ausgabe. Zweyter Band. (Addenda of the common state laws for the Prussian states, [which] contains a complete complication of all still valid/applicable laws, and ones that amend common state laws, supplementary and explanatory laws, ordinances and ministerial decrees as well as a chronological list of these and a registers edited by Friedrich Heinrich von Strombeck, royal Prussian Secret Council of the Justice- and Higher State Court. Third and greatly augmented and improved issue. Second Volume); (Leipzig; 1829)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 22, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Royal Government at Berlin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The elders of the local Jewry are ordered to notify the police-commissariat, from now on, of all children born out of wedlock to Jewish mothers, and to provide the name, status and religion of the fathers, as soon as such a birth has occurred, as well as to make sure that boys born out of wedlock to Jewish mothers will only be circumcised upon prior permission by the police-commissariat. In cases of Jewish births out of wedlock, whenever the father is a Christian, the birth must not be entered into the Jewish birth rosters, and in addition, neither circumcision nor inclusion in the Jewish faith is permissible. Therefore, the police-commissariat may only permit the planned circumcision if a Jew is named as the natural father.
5. Source	Michaelis, A. Die Rechtsverhältnisse der Juden in Preußen seit dem Beginne des 19. Jahrhunderts. (The Legal Situation of the Jewry in Prussia since the Beginning of the 19th Century). Lamm: Berlin, 1910. Page 15.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 4, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the (Austrian) Royal Commission for Commerce
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] in cases where permission is to be given to Israelis for an important factory enterprise, […] the temporary permission is to be issued only for as long as his presence is necessary for the maintenance of the factory […] a personal residency permit (‘Aufenthaltsbewilligung’) - as he is not suitable for [a] tolerance [permit] - must be granted in such a way that it is only valid for the duration of […] the factory permission (‘Fabriksbefügnis’). […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 7, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish employees in Christian printing houses” decree of the Lower-Austrian government to the Highest Police Authority
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israeli type setters and editors are to be tolerated in Christian printing houses only when it’s absolutely necessary […] their stay is only to be extended one year at a time […] no Israeli apprentice is to be accepted without the explicit permission of the government.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 380.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 6, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decision/Writ of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We [Maximilian Joseph] have decided in regards to the French decree from March 17, 1808, regarding the circumstances of Jews […] that the aforementioned decree is to remain in effect in the area of the Rhine (‘im Rheinkreise’) until general and comprehensive provisions have been issued […]. The current regulation is to be made public in these areas/districts […]
5. Source	Die fünf französischen Gesetzbücher in Deutscher Sprache nach den besten Übersetzungen. (The five French law-books in the German language according to the best translations.); (Zweibrücken; 1827)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Please see the Infamous Decree of Napoleon from March 17, 1808, in this project.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 11, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews are not permitted to own property in Tyrol or Vorarlberg, except those already there* […] they may also not hold public offices […].
5. Source	Repertorium über sämmtliche unter den Regierungen Ihrer Majestäten Josephs II, Leopolds II., und seiner jetzt regierenden Majestät Franz I. erflossenen und in dieser Gesetzsammlung enthaltenen Gesetze und Verfassungen im Justiz-Fache, vom Jahre 1780 bis Ende des Jahres 1820. (Wien; 1823); (Repertory of all laws and constitutions issued under his majesties Joseph I, Leopold II, and the current ruler, his Majesty Franz I, from 1780 to the end of 1820.); (Vienna; 1823)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *It somewhat unclear from the text, whether “except those already there” refers to Jews in Tyrol and Vorarlberg or to the properties owned by Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] In the future, toleration permits may only be permitted (given) to those Jews who have also been granted a local wholesale permit (‘Großhandlungs-Privilegium'). […]
5. Source	Handelsbuch der Handelsgesetze und des bei Anwendung derselben bei den Mercantil-Gerichten eintretenden Verfahrens, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar decision was issued via the Royal Court Chancellery Decree of July 2, 1807.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 13, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to issue tolerance licenses to women” decree of the court to the Lower-Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	A Jewish woman is not eligible to receive a tolerance (license) since it would violate the principle that a woman should be cited in any family lists.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 385.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 7, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript issued by the (Prussian) Ministry of the Interior addressed to the royal government of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	The royal government of Cologne is advised regarding permissions for Jews to settle and to pursue trade […] that the decree from March 17, 1808, is to find application in all matters pertaining to Jews in the Rhine-provinces […] and that the royal government is determined to see this decree is applied closely and to permit the presence or settlement of Jewish-families only according to the conditions set forth in it […]
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremiah: Sammlung der die religiöse und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königlich Preussischen Staaten betreffenden Gesetze, Verordnungen, Gutachten, Berichte und Erkenntnisse (Collection of laws, ordinances, evaluations, reports, and findings regarding the religious and civil Constitution of Jews in the Prussian States). (Berlin, 1835)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript issued by the Royal Ministry of the Interior” and addressed to the Royal government of Erfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] though the admission and immigration of foreign Jews cannot be permitted into the new[ly conquered] provinces […] those Jews who were present at the time of [Our] taking ownership [can stay in those provinces and retain the protection of their rights as per the local constitution…]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 13, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Chancellery Directive” (“Hofkanzleydeket”)
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] [because] Jews also often traverse through remote areas that are far from the usual communication-venues and remain on the countryside for long periods of time and engage in peddling and other trades, the governmental authorities are herewith required to issue expedient regulations to circumvent this mischief/nonsense. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This order was reissued as a Governmental Decree on August 10, 1818.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 31, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Chancellery Ordinance” (‘Hofkanzleiverordnung’) issued by the Austrian Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Since it was brought to our attention, that Jews in Lower Austria are passing through the countryside and away from the regular streets/paths […] and remain in the country(side) for extended periods of time to peddle and trade unhindered […] so it is ordered that each Jew found to be unlawfully present in the country* or to be engaged in peddling […] be reported to the authorities […]
5. Source	Das Ganze der österreichischen politischen Administration, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Österreich unter der Enns. In systematisch geordnetem Abhandlungen dargestellt von Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Grafen von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1843); (The entire Austrian, political administration, with particular attention to the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. A systematically ordered treatise put together by Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Count von Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1842)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was made public on August 10, 1818.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 25, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toleration of Jews on the Countryside” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Jews are not permitted according to current ordinances to be present (to stay) on the countryside in Lower Austria. […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 25, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of the Lower Austrian Government on the restriction of trade for Jews in Austria
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	When issuing passports to Jews, the order is given that passports should only be issued for use at annual fairs and not for trade in general, and that passport holders should be required to have their passports verified in all places where they travel and where authorities have their offices; otherwise, Jews in excess of this limit are to be detained without further ado and returned to their place of residence.
5. Source	Wilhelm Gerhard Soutta (ed.), “Sammlung der Sämmtlichen Politischen und Justiz-Gesetze, welche unter der Regierung Sr. Mayestät, Kaisers Franz bes I. in den sämmtlichen k.k. Erblanden erlassen worden sind, Gesetze vom 1. Januar bis letzten December 1818 [Collection of all political and judicial laws which were issued under the reign of His Majesty, Emperor Franz I in all the Imperial and Royal hereditary lands, laws from January 1st to December 1818], Vol. 15, Vienna, 1820, pp. 337-338, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austria Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] the Moravian and Silesian government are to inform and instruct the local authorities and dominions that they are to only to issue passports to Jews that permit them to visit the annual markets but in no way to engage in any kind of trade, and to inform the permit holders of the requirement, that they are to validate their passports/permits in all localities through which they travel and where the authorities are present, and to carry these on them, in case they are stopped [… otherwise they are to be] returned to their place of origin without further ado.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 1, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Community Election/Voting Regulations” issued by the Bavarian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Voting Rights and Eligibility of Jews during Community Election. In order to eliminate any consequences of improper application of the 3rd and 10th article of the Community Election/Voting Regulation of August 5, 1818 […] it is brought to attention that Jews who engage in emergency/crisis/plight trade or in haggling (‘Noth- oder Schacher-Handel’) cannot be elected to become electors, authorized representatives/plenipotentiary or as members of the local government (‘Gemeindeverwaltung’).
5. Source	Die Verfassung und Verwaltung der Gemeinden in Baiern nach dem Edikte über das Gemeinde-Wesen nebst den darauf bezüglichen Regulativen und Verordnungen mit besonderer Rücksicht auf den Gebrauch für städtische Beamte und Gemeinde-Vorsteher zusammengestellt von Georg Döllinger. Erster Teil. (München; 1819); (The Constitution and Administration of Communities in Bavaria after the Edict regarding the [people of the] community with special consideration for the use of municipal officials and community leaders compiled by Georg Döllinger. First part.) (Munich; 1819)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher “Not[h]-Handel’ and especially the term ‘Schacher-Handel’ have both a negative connotation, referring to an act in which someone is driven by petty greed to gain the greatest advantage possible by negotiating prices in all business transactions.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The Israeli translators, proofreaders/editors (‘Correctoren’), and type-setters who are in the service of Hebrew book printers (‘hebräischen Buchdruckeryen’) are, however, only to be tolerated in Vienna for as long as they are in the service of the intended book printer, and do not commit anything for which they could be deemed unworthy of their residency permit. The residency permit is, therefore, only conditional on the above-mentioned prerequisite, and certainly not based on a specific time period, so that if a Israeli who has been in the service of a book printer should be dismissed – for instance - from his job during that year, he must then also leave Vienna. The time period - as to how long an Israeli may remain in Vienna - is not to be expressed/denoted in the residency permit, but the above-mentioned prerequisites. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply for a residency permit annually, but it suffices to oblige the Hebrew book printers to inform the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizei-Oberdirection’) immediately of every dismissal of an Israeli employee (‘Dienstleute’) and to require them to always request approval from the government whenever they wish to employ a different Israeli in their service or whenever they wish to augment the number of their employees with new individuals. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Chancellery Decree” (“Hofkanzleidecret’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to keep Christian servants and wet-nurses (‘Säugammen’), and this prohibition is to be maintained [valid].
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the royal government of Black Forest County, Kingdom of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In the name of the King! It has been noted that the Jewish co-religionists seek to circumvent the prohibition against them buying any real estate unless they work the land themselves and build [a house] on it, engaging in business practices that are a detriment to the King’s subjects, by pretending to act as brokers for those with whom they make these contracts. Such purchases, made in the past, shall remain in the past but nonetheless retain their validity. However, since such contracts, whatever they may be called, result in actual transfer of ownership of real estate, in contravention of royal ordinances, they cannot be tolerated in the future. All royal government offices are therefore ordered to henceforth deny their approval of any contracts by which Jews would acquire real estate for resale, be it that they pretend to act as brokers for the original, Christian owner, for the buyer, or that they induce Christians to make, in their own name, Jewish real estate contracts for sale or resale.
5. Source	Mayer, F.F. (ed.). Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze in Betreff der Israeliten [Collection of Württembergian Laws Regarding the Israelites]. Fues: Tübingen, 1847. Page 21.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 12, 1818
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Court Chancellery of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The petition for a license to dispense kosher wine, brought by the Israelite Hospital of Vienna, is denied, since personal permits may not be afforded to juridical persons.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 324.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher From medieval times until the late 19th century, it was common practice for hospitals to dispense alcohol to their patients. In Vienna, the Christian Citizens’ Hospital was regarded as one of the largest Austrian wine producers of the 16th and 17th centuries; in 1728, the Christian Citizens’ Hospital in Graz, Austria, kept 14,000 liters of wine in its cellars; and in the single month of January 1870, the Infants Hospital in Randall’s Island, NY dispensed 4 gallons, 2 quarts and 8 ounces of whisky and port wine to its patients.