Acts – Page 12 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 1, 932
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued in the preamble to the Canons, issued at the Council of Erfurt.
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	All Jews who live among the Christians should either be baptized or be driven out from the entire Christendom.
5. Source	Amnon Linder (ed.), “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages,” Wayne State University Press, Detroit, MI, 1997, p. 555.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	937 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Leo VII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	As to the Jews, concerning whom, dear brother, you have requested our instructions, whether it is preferable to subjugate them to the holy religion or to expel them from your towns, we send you our order, that you do not desist from preaching to them wisely, with the prudent counsel of God and the revereance in faith in the Holy Trinity and the incarnation of the Lord. And if they are willing wholeheartedly to believe and be baptized, we thank the omnipotent Lord with immense praises. If, however, they refuse to believe, expel them from your towns with our authority. Since we must not live in society with God’s enemies…Yet do not baptize them by force, or without their consent and wish, since it is written: Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast your pearls before swine.
5. Source	“The Apostolic See and the Jews: History, Volume 7; Volume 109.” Shlomo Simonsohn. 1991, Page 11. Online book, Accessed on 11/10/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	945
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ban on Sea Travel” issued by the Senate
3. Geography of Act	Venice
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Venetian captains were forbidden from accepting Jews onboard their ships." [There is another document from 992 AD in which Jews are mentioned - and the fact that they were not permitted on ships.] Virtual Jewish World: Venice Italy; jewishvirtuallibrary.org; Jewish Europe – Your Guide to Jewish Europe; History of Jewish Venice; jewishvenice.info
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 974
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Otto II
3. Geography of Act	Germany; Holy Roman Empire; Price-Bishopric of Merseburg
4. Text of Act	Otto II gifts among other things the Jews [of Merseburg] to Bishop Giseler of Merseburg - considering the [state of] poverty [in which the Stift finds itself …].
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	1005
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Dress Codes" Issued by Fatimiden Kalif Al-Hakim
3. Geography of Act	Egypt
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim orders that the Jews of Egypt and Israel wear bells on their clothing and a Golden Calf made out of wood around their neck." Michael Mannheimer: "1400 jähriger Rassismus im Islam: Hitler übernahm den Judenstern vom Islam;" ("1400 years of racism in Islam: Hitler took over the Jewish Star from Islam") (June 27, 2014) michael-mannheimer.net
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1007
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Persecution” enacted by Duke Robert I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Normandy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Persecution of Jews in Rouen by Duke Robert I. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1008
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Caliph Hakim
3. Geography of Act	Algeria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim, orders Jewish and Christian residents to wear bells on their garments and a "golden calf" (made of wood) around the neck when bathing with Muslims. [There are two competing dates for this decree; some place the decree at 1005 while others date the decree at 1008.] Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (“the Mad”) issues severe restrictions against the Jews in the Fatimid Empire. All Jews are forced to wear a heavy wooden “golden calf” around their necks to remind them of the sin of worshipping the Golden Calf. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016); Roumani, Maurice M.: "The Silent Refugees: Jews from Arab Countries;" Mediterranean Quarterly (Duke University Press; Summer 2003) 14 (3): pp. 41–77
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1010
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ultimatum given to Jews” by Bishop Alduin of Limoges
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Bishop Alduin offered Jews of his diocese the choice between baptism or exile. Joseph Jacobs, Israel Lévi, Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., Isaac Broydé: "FRANCE (formerly called Gaul);" jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1012
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are expelled from (parts of) the Rhineland." Aiken, Lisa: Why Me God: A Jewish Guide for Coping and Suffering; books.google.com; "Historical Timeline;" biblicalzionist.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1016
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ultimatum to Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Tunisia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) The Jewish community in Kairouan, Tunisia is forced to choose between conversion and expulsion. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1017
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Pope Benedict VIII
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Pope Benedict VIII has a number of Jews beheaded. http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-antisemitism&month=0605&week=&msg=CZNFZjiilGFJLVVjL6CxpQ&user=&pw=
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1020
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Pope Benedict VIII
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) An earthquake followed by a hurricane ravages Rome, Italy, and Pope Benedict VIII has a number of Jews arrested for alleged host desecration. They all "confess" under torture and are burned at the stake. Riots ensued after Jews were accused of causing the earthquake by their alleged denigration of the cross. Pope Benedict VIII ordered the beheading (others say burning) Jews for causing the disaster, and the resulting plague. [Some sources place this event around 1020, while a later chronicle of Cesare Baronius gives the date as 1017; another source (though not confirmed) places the date at 4/2/1021]. Horowitz, Elliott: Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence; jewishhistory.org; (New Jersey; 2006)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1026
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews,” 1026
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) The French chronicler blamed the Jews for the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which was destroyed in 1009 by the Muslim Caliph Al-Hakim. As a result, Jews were expelled from Limoges and other French Towns. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1032
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decimation of the Jewish Community”
3. Geography of Act	Morocco
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Abul Kamal Tumin conquers Fez, Morocco and decimates the Jewish community, killing 6000 Jews. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1033
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Fez Massacre” issued by Tamim, 1033
3. Geography of Act	Morocco
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forced of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran, tribe, perpetrated a massacre of Jews in Fez. Tamim’s forces killed over thousands of Jews, appropriated their belongings, and captured the Jewish women of the city. [The killings took place in the month of Jumaada al-Akhir 424 (May-June 1033 AD]. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1050 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Capitulary 6 issued by Council of Oviedo
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Under the sixth heading we admonish all Christians to assemble in church on Sabbath evening and to hear Sunday matins, masses, and all the hours; that they should not carry out servile work or go on the road except for purpose of prayer, or to bury the dead, or to visit the sick, or for the king’s secret, or because of a Saracens’ attack. No Christian should stay with Jews in the same house or take food with them. If anyone should violate this law of ours, he shall do penance seven days. If he should refuse to do penance, if a senior person, he shall be denied communion for a whole year, if a minor person, he shall receive one hundred lashes.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 558
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1066
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Banishment of Jews” by Badis ben Habus
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Granada
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are banished from Granada. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1074 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 14 issued by Council of Normandy/Rouen
3. Geography of Act	France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Concerning the Jews, the canonical authority and the decree of the Blessed Gregory should be observed, that is, that they should not have Christian slaves or wet nurses.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” p. 558
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 10 issued by the Council of Girone
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “They also decreed that the tithe from all the lands that were cultivated by the execrable cruelty of the infidel Jews should be paid by them to the church in whose parish these lands are situated, in the same way as if they were cultivated by Christians.” Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” p. 559
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 22 issued by the Council of Rome
3. Geography of Act	Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Rome (1078) Gregory VII convoked this council, to which he invited the French bishops as well, with the declared object of finding a solution to the conflict between the papacy and the empire. It opened in the Lateran, on 19 November 1078. Only twelve canons promulgated by that council have been transmitted in their entirety, the rest being known only by their titles; canon 22, dealing with the Jews, is among the latter…[c.22]…That Jews should not be appointed over Christians.” Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” pp. 558-559
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1078
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 22 issued at the Council of Rome
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	That Jews should not be appointed over Christians.
5. Source	Amnon Linder (ed.), “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages,” Wayne State University Press, Detroit, MI, 1997, p. 559.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1079
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Ireland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Ireland. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1079 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 6 issued by Council of Coyaca
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	That no Christian shall reside in the same house with Jews, nor partake of their food: whoever transgresses this decree shall perform penance for seven days or refusing to do it, if a person of rank, he shall be excommunicated for a year; if of an inferior degree, he shall receive 100 lashes.
5. Source	“Twelve centuries of Jewish persecution: a brief outline of the sufferings of the Hebrew race in Christian lands, together with some account of the different laws and specific restrictions under which they have ar various times been placed.” Gustav Pearlson. Page 196
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 13, 1084
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Privilege, issued by Rüdiger Hausmann, Bishop of Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 1 – I, Rüdiger, in order to keep the lesser sheep from the insolence of the masses, have given the Jews a separate place to live, surrounded by a wall; this they are to reward with an annual payment of three and a half pounds in the currency of Speyer, for the use of the monastery. […] Art. 8 – [Only] slaughtered meat which the Jews look upon as unlawful according to their own law, the Jews may sell to Christians, and Christians are allowed to buy it.
5. Source	Altmann, Wilhelm & Bernheim, Ernst. Ausgewählte Urkunden zur Erläuterung der Verfassungsgeschichte Deutschlands im Mittelalter (Selected Documents to Illustrate the Constitutional History of Germany During the Middle Ages). Gaertner: Berlin, 1895. Page 143.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1090
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Wormser Privilege" Issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "During the Wormser Privilege, Jews are established as imperial "chamber servants" of the Holy Roman Empire in a collection of legal standards which set a groundbreaking precedence that had a positive as well as a negative impact on the Jews and their relationship to Christians for centuries to come." Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studien zur Geschichte der Juden im mittleren Rheingebiet während des hohen und späten Mittelalters, S. 72 (Hannover 1995)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None