Acts – Page 123 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the County Governor of Funen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regulations for funerals of the Mosaic faith community in Odense, in the space purchased by them as a burial ground: […] Art. 8 – Everyone is free to let coffins be painted black; he who does not let coffins be painted black must cover the same with a black cloth, procured by the congregation. […] Art. 10 – The bodies which do not belong to a family plot are buried in a row or line one after the other, regardless of their identity, and every grave is made close to the most recently deceased in the congregation. […] Art. 13 – The prayer, which is read at the gravesite, shall be spoken in an orderly fashion, without any outcry, such that he who leads the prayer speaks each verse first, and the rest of the mourners repeat the same.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 436.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Frederick William III
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[… it has been noticed …] that for a while, Jews have been taking on names by which they are no longer recognizable as Jews, […] it is no longer to be permitted that Jews take on the appearance as if they were Christians.
5. Source	Wagner-Kern: Michael: Staat und Namensänderung. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts; ([The] State and the changing of names. Contributions to the legal history of the 20th Century); (Tübingen; 2002)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Interior and Police Ministry of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In order to prevent Polish Jews from distributing counterfeit coins made in England, the previous ordinance regarding the issuance of passports to Jews and the caution appropriate therefor, is hereby amended inasmuch as no foreign Jew shall be given a passport to the seacoast, nor any Prussian Jew who is not already known to be a righteous and reliable man.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 293.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Law regarding the rescission of the permission for Jews to charge higher interests in some parts of the empire” issued by Maximilian Joseph, King of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Since there still exists some laws and ordinances in parts of Our empire that permit Jews to take higher interests than Christians […] which affects the prosperity of Our subjects in those areas negatively […] that is why We are moved to order […] 1) Jews may no longer take higher interests in matters pertaining to money-loans nor charge higher late-fees when compared to Christians. All laws, ordinances, and statutes that are in violation of this order are rescinded herewith. 2) The current law is to be announced […] and goes in effect on that day […]
5. Source	Der königlich-Bayerische Landtags-Abschied vom Jahr 1825 sammt seinen Beilagen. Mit Allerhöchster Erlaubnis aus den Gesetz-Blättern abgedruckt. (The royal-Bavarian parliament-decision from 1825, including its supplemental documents. Printed from the legal/law-papers with the highest permission.); (Augsburg);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree #46436, issued by the government of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	A binding march-route to their hometown or homeland shall be issued to Israelites, whenever they are to be removed from within the city limits of Vienna.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 310.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 18, 1825
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Leo XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	The Jews living in Rome...having obtained an expansion of the ancient ghetto, by which any reasonable pretext they had of overcrowding and unhealthiness has been removed, have received the last, formal order to separate themselves totally from the Christians. They must close themselves once again in the Ghetto with all of their possessions within the fixed time of one month.
5. Source	“The Popes Against The Jews; The Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism.” David I. Kertzer. 2001, Page 66
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish private teachers” decree of the court commission for studying
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] They (Jewish private teachers) are, however, not permitted to teach Christian children neither in any of the living languages, not in any common (elementary) subjects.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 435.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Francis I, King of Lombardy-Venetia, for the City of Gorizia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	If a Jew petitions the court to have his real estate ownership entered into the rolls of the Recorder’s Office, such a petition may only be granted if the petitioner produces a certificate, issued by the county, confirming that neither an increase in the number of Jewish families, on account of new settlement, is an obstacle to this entry, nor any law or laws governing his ownership of the real estate.
5. Source	Haimerl, Franz Xaver. Füger’s adeliches Richteramt, oder das gerichtliche Verfahren ausser Streitsachen in den deutschen Provinzen der österreichischen Monarchie. Dritter Theil (Füger’s Noble Judgeship, or Court Procedure, Except in Torts, in the German Provinces of the Austrian Monarchy. Part Three). Mösle & Braumüller: Vienna, 1837. Page 345.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Upper-Office (‘Oberamt’) of Heidelberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the peddling of cattle is explicitly prohibited to Jews [and violators are to be fined 10 Reichsthaler…].
5. Source	Sammlung sämmtlicher Gesetze, Verordnungen, Verfügungen und Anordnungen welche in den Markgrafschaften und in dem Großherzogthum Baden über Gegenstände der Orts-Polizei seit dem Jahre 1712 bis 1832 erschienen sind, und nach den Bestimmungen des vierten Capitels der Gemeinde-Ordnung durch die Bürgermeister vollzogen werden. Herausgegeben von Bernhard Dollmätsch, Großherzoglich Badischem Kammerrath, Oberrevisor des Ministeriums des Innern und Ritter des Zähringer Löwen-Ordens. Zweiter Band. (Carlsruhe und Baden; 1837); (Collection of all laws, ordinances, decrees, and orders which have been published in the Counties of Mark and the Grand-Duchy of Baden pertaining to local police-ordinances from 1712 until 1832, which have been enforced by the mayor in accordance with the provisions outlined in the fourth chapter of the municipal order. Edited by Bernhard Dollmätsch, Chamber-Council of the Grand-Duchy of Baden, chief-editor/revisor of the Ministry of Interior and knight of the Order of the Zähringer Lion. Second Volume. (Karlsruhe and Baden); (1837);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 20, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to Madam Court Counsellor A. Gerson née David
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	On the grounds of your application, you, who profess to the Mosaic faith, shall be allowed to convert to the Catholic religion; you are made aware, however, that in this case, there is something to remember – namely, that the baptism shall be performed in silence.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 463.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This decision by the Danish Chancellery is one of many in a pattern that adds one last, formalized ignominy to the Jewish life left behind by converts – be it a silent baptism in this example, or a baptism at home instead of in church (see 4/12/1828), or a “tentative” baptism requiring years of follow-up supervision (see 9/1/1829).

1. Full Date of Act	May 31, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree/Enactment (‘Erlaß’) of the Royal Bavarian Government of the Rhine-district (‘Rheinkreises’)”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[The decree from April 6, 1818, based on the French decree from March 17, 1808, is confirmed and modified …] 1) Article 7 of the decree from March 17, 1808, requires that in the future all Jews who pursue trade obtain a patent[-permit] from the authorities which can only be issued if the necessary certificates/attests from the local [city] council of his community are granted [namely] that he has never engaged in usury nor in any kind of illegal trade […] a morality-certificate from the consistory of his synagogue […] 5) From now on and until the next budget-year, no Jew may be added to the legally mandated registry […] without a certificate from the proper royal land-commissions, nor is he to be given a trade-permit from his local authorities (‘Ortsvorstand’) […]
5. Source	Die fünf französischen Gesetzbücher in Deutscher Sprache nach den besten Übersetzungen. (The five French law-books in the German language according to the best translations.); (Zweibrücken; 1827)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Leo XII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	[Pope Leo XII ordered the Jews back into the ghetto] to overcome the evil consequences of the freedom that [they] have enjoyed.
5. Source	“The Popes Against the Jews; The Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism.” David I. Kertzer. Page 63
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Leo XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	His holiness [Leo XIII]...after having over the past year given the opportune orders for the return of all the Jews to the Ghetto...has recently prescribed the following further orders so that the Jews...not leave the Ghettos and go wandering about without any license as they had been doing before...Beginning this August 20 [1826], no Jew living in the Rome Ghetto will be able to leave, even for a single day, if he does not have a written permit...from our Criminal Tribunal which gives legitimate grounds for his absence...while they are away from the Ghetto, the Jews shall not be allowed to live or converse in a familiar way with Christian.
5. Source	“The Popes Against The Jews; The Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism.” David I. Kertzer. 2001, Page 66-67
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 26, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regarding under which conditions indigent Mosaic believers may be admitted to a workhouse, the representatives of their community petitioned that Jews who require support, as their congregation has no work facility, be referred to the city's regular social services, so that the able-bodied among them may find support and work, notwithstanding the fact that, by the Treasurer of their congregation, a small allowance is already paid to each of these indigent persons individually. The paupers in question could not be referred to the city’s social services, but the Commission for the Employment of the Poor in the Workhouses is willing to receive them for the purpose of subsistence and work, if there is room in a workhouse, subject to the following conditions: (a) That they shall be subject to all provisions generally applicable to the poor, with the exception of provisional admission to the Workhouse of Our Savior at Christianshavn. (b) That they are subject to the same coercion and penalties as have been or will be determined for this institution. (c) That the Mosaic faith community reimburses the city’s regular social services for the difference between what such paupers cost to employ in the workhouse (all the costs of rent, heating, master's wages, interest, taxes, and tertiary expenses) and their earnings. (d) That the Mosaic community hand over the persons, provided with the necessary garments, or, if they are not so delivered, reimburse social services for the cost of their first issue of clothing. The Mosaic representatives must negotiate with the Commission what remuneration, for the missing of their work on Jewish holidays, should be paid to the city.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 347.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 11, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance No. 48858 of the Lower Austrian Government to the Police Directorate on the treatment of Israelites whose period of tolerance has expired without them requesting a new one.
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	Every Israelite who fails to apply for tolerance is to be regarded as a foreigner rather than a tolerated person from the day the tolerance expires.
5. Source	Franz Tobias Herzog, “Sammlung der Gesetze über das Politische Domicil im Kaiserthume Österreich [Collection of Laws on Political Domicile in the Austrian Empire],” Anton Edlen von Schmid, Vienna, 1837, p. 169, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 28, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ordinance Affecting Jews Having Served in the Military Service" issued by King Fredrick William III of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews who have served in the military cannot claim assistance for state services.
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremias: Sammlung der religiösen und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königl. Preuß Staaten betreffend den Gesetze, Vervordnungen, Gutaschten, Berichte und Erkenntinisse, 1831; Page 49.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 15, 1826
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Pope Leo XII, to the Jews of Vatican City
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Vatican City
4. Text of Act	The following was sent to the Jewish elders through the courts, similar to a summons: “His Holiness Pope Leo XII, reaffirming the ordinances of his illustrious predecessors, Clement III, Innocent IV and Alexander VIII, as well as the resolutions of the sacred council of August 9, 1617, has ordered us, through the Holy Inquisition, to make known to you: that from now on, you are forbidden to take any Christian servants, neither male nor female, and therefore it is also forbidden to them to render services such as igniting fire and light, and the Christian wet-nurses are prohibited from suckling your children, neither in their homes, nor in yours. His Holiness further wants the service of lighting fire and light to cease at once, whereas other servants may be dismissed within one month for females and two months for males. Contraventions shall be subject to the most severe penalties by the Holy Office.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsre Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. p. 278.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Both “Holy Inquisition” and “Holy Office” are common names for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Holy See’s body responsible for promulgating and defending Catholic doctrine; it was originally founded in 1542, to defend the church from heresy, and is headed by a cardinal-prefect.

1. Full Date of Act	1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes on Conscription Duty” (Ustav rekrutskoi povinnosti”) of Nicholas I
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources:1) "When on 26 August 1827 Nicholas I (r. 1825–1855) issued his Ustav rekrutskoi povinnosti (Statute on Conscription Duty) making Jews in Russia liable to personal army service and canceling their prior privilege of providing money ransom instead of conscripts, he followed a policy consistent with European enlightened monarchies, which sought to transform 'their' Jews from a medieval corporate entity into useful subjects integrated into the society with which Jews shared rights and obligations.""Yet some differences between Jews and non-Jews applied: most significantly, Jews were required to provide conscripts between the ages of 12 and 25, whereas for others the conscripts were between 18 and 35." The Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe: Miltary Service in Russia, yivoencyclopedia.org 2) In Russia, there were many instances of coercion to convert the Jews. In 1827, Tsar Nicholas I sought to sever Jewish boys from their religious and cultural roots by impressing them into 25 years of military service, a more onerous term than Christian males endured. The Tsar hoped to make the young Jewish soldiers both Russian and Christian. S.M. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland: From the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, Vol. 2, (New York: KTAV, New York, 1975), p. 14
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 1, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Pope Leo XII, to the Jews of Vatican City
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Vatican City
4. Text of Act	1. If a Jew has to leave the city, even for just one day, he shall apply in writing for our permission, giving his name, his first name, his residence, and the reason for his journey, as well as the place he wants to go to, and the duration of his absence. 2. Even once supplied with our permission, such a Jew may neither stay with a Christian, nor have a conversation with one. 3. The same permission is needed, whenever Jews wish to be vendors at a market. Three days after the end of the market, such Jews are to leave the market town, and the local authorities may not extend their stay. 4. When a Jew arrives at a town, he shall immediately show our permission to the bishop-inquisitor or the vicar; and this permission shall only be valid if it is shown at once, and as long as the local authorities have no reason to declare it void, or to narrow its scope. 5. Each contravention of our regulations will be punished mercilessly, by a fine of 300 Roman scudi, by jail time, and by other punishments to be devised.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsre Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. Page 279.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Chancellery Decree to the Imperial and Royal Bohemian State Government on the direct admission of Jews in Bohemia to auctions of real estate, also as creditors and executioners.
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	In the agreement with the Imperial and Royal Supreme Judicial Office, the question of whether Jews in Bohemia should be admitted to auctions of real estate if they appear as creditors and executioners is answered: that since the Jews in Bohemia are, by virtue of the existing laws, completely incapable of any kind of possession, even of temporary possession, of Christian real estate, the Israelites in Bohemia cannot therefore be admitted [to auctions] as buyers or to offer real estate for sale, even if they have acquired a special mortgage on it.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Gesetze - Enthalt die politischen und Justiz-Gesetze, welche unter der Regierung Sr. Majestät, Kaisers Franz des I. in den sämmtlichen k. k. Erblandern erlassen worden sind, Gesetze vom 1. Januar bis letzten December 1827 [Collection of laws - Contains the political and judicial laws which were passed under the government of His Majesty, Emperor Francis I in all the Imperial and Royal hereditary lands, laws from January 1st to December 1827],” Volume 53, Vienna, 1829, pp. 317-318, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Pope Leo XII, to the Jews of Vatican City
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Vatican City
4. Text of Act	1. As of today, all Jews are prohibited from purchasing any kind of real estate. 2. Those [Jews] who are currently in possession of such estates have until December 31, 1832, to sell them – not through sham contracts, but through real and true agreements of sale. After said deadline, the government will automatically become the executor of such estates, under complete exclusion of the owners. 3. The Holy Father reserves the right to invoke the afore-mentioned executorship sooner and whenever he decides to do so, if any Jews, during the course of the five years, should be responsible for any abuse or disarray on their properties or with regard to them. 4. Real estate includes: Country estates, city lots outside of the ghettoes, grades, canyons, and any acquisition rights regarding real estate. 5. Should any circumvention of the above regulations be detected during the sale of real estate, the seller as well as the buyer will suffer the loss of the real estate in question to the Apostolic Chamber.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsre Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. Page 281.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court-Decree, issued by Francis II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Since, on account of existing laws, the Jews in Bohemia are unable to hold any real property that has ever been registered as that of a Christian, they are equally inadmissible as buyers of Christian real estate, even for the sole purpose of offering it for sale following their acquisition of a [defaulted] mortgage.
5. Source	Ebersberg, J.S. (ed.). Österreichischer Zuschauer. Jahrgang 1853. Zweiter Band (Austrian Spectator. 1853, Vol. 2). Ueberreuter: Vienna, 1853. Page 1467.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 7, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Bishop of Funen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	About the procedure by which Mosaic believers may let their children become Christians, without themselves converting to this religion: It is hereby officially ordained that the baptism of the children shall comply with church ritual; however, whereas the school boards and school committees shall go ahead and make the necessary adjustments, the parents shall not be afforded any security with regard to the conversion of their offspring.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 462.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 17, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript of the Royal Ministry of the Interior addressed to the Royal government of Magdeburg”
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the positions of the auction-commissioners (‘Auktionskommissarien’) are part of the state-offices, and therefore, cannot be transferred to those of the Jewish faith.
5. Source	Heinemann, Jeremiah: Sammlung der die religiöse und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königlich Preussischen Staaten betreffenden Gesetze, Verordnungen, Gutachten, Berichte und Erkenntnisse (Collection of laws, ordinances, evaluations, reports, and findings regarding the religious and civil Constitution of Jews in the Prussian States). (Berlin, 1835)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1827
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statute drafted by the Minister of the Interior and the Chief of the General Staff and signed by Tsar Nicholas I., imposing military service upon the Jewish population.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The general laws and institutions [on military service] are not valid in the case of the Jews. … The Jewish conscripts … shall be between the ages of twelve and twenty-five. … they [should] be free from any disease or defect incompatible with military service, but, the other qualifications required by the general rules [for non-Jewish military conscripts] shall be left out of consideration. … Jewish minors, i. e., below the age of eighteen, shall be placed in preparatory establishments for military training.
5. Source	S. M. Dubnow, “History of the Jews in Russia and Poland - From the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Volume II,” The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1918, p. 17-20, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, prior to 1827, Jewish people in the Russian Empire were exempted from military service. After 1827, Jewish conscripts were required to serve for 25 years. Time spent in preparatory establishments did not count toward the 25 years of service.