Acts – Page 127 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§784 of the Rights and Duties of Jews in General
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In the estates inhabited by Jews, it is prohibited for them to be managers, stewards, or to take revenues from peasants on lease from landlords. The revenues should go to the owners.
5. Source	“Code of the Russian Empire,” Volume 9, 1899, p. 91, available from civil.consultant.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law No. 8054 - on the Civil Status of the Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	§5. In the western border provinces, in villages and hamlets located closer than 50 meters from the border, Jews are prohibited from any new settlement. … § 10. During their stay outside the border [of the area designated for permanent residence of Jews], Jews,… are obliged to wear clothing used in the areas of their temporary stay; without any distinction from other residents of the same standing. … § 15. Jews are prohibited from keeping Christians for permanent household services, but they are allowed to hire them: a) For short-term work, such as cabbies, ship workers, carpenters, masons, etc. b) To assist with arable farming, gardening, and vegetable gardening on lands actually belonging to Jews, and especially at a time when the initial cultivation of these lands is needed. c) For work in factories and plants, except for distilleries. d) For the positions of commissioners and clerks for trade companies. … e) For the positions of clerks and clerks for the maintenance of post offices. Accepted Persons of the female sex of the Christian faith, hired by Jews to prepare food and bread … as well as to work in Jewish factories, must not live in the same houses with the Jews, but separately. Without this condition, their hiring is prohibited. … § 44. Jewish farmers are completely prohibited from maintaining distilleries, taverns, and drinking houses, as well as selling strong drinks by delivery. They cannot hire oneself out for any work in the aforementioned establishments of landowners or other farmers, nor to work in separate taverns and even separate farms on post roads. … § 50. Jewish merchants and townspeople, while carrying out permitted trade, must not, however, sell wine and other hard liquors to peasants on credit. … § 79. Public prayers and prayers may be performed only in special buildings, designated for this purpose: Synagogues and prayer schools. If someone allowed it, in their own house without the permission of the provincial authorities, a fine of one thousand rubles shall be collected from them. … § 80. Synagogues and prayer schools shall be re-established only with the permission of the provincial authorities; and it shall be observed: a) That the buildings designated for this purpose shall not be in close proximity to Christian churches. b) That new buildings shall be built according to a plan and façade approved by the authorities. c) That their number shall not exceed the needs defined in the next article of this regulation. d) In some cities and towns, the consent of the owners is required for the construction of the said buildings, who are provided with the opportunity to examine the plan and facade. d) Buildings constructed without observing these rules, with the permission of the Minister of the Interior, are either demolished or, in case of deviation from the plan, are corrected at the expense of those responsible. … § 81. In every city or village; the number of Jewish houses does not exceed 50, they are allowed to have one prayer school; the number of houses does not exceed 80, they may have, in addition to the prayer school, one synagogue; if the number of houses is more than 80, it is permitted to establish one school or one synagogue for every 50 houses. … § 83. In synagogues and prayer schools it is strictly forbidden: a) Any gathering of other people, except for prayer and the performance of rituals in the temple. b) Keeping any other things, except those pertaining to worship.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 10, No. 7717-8356, Saint Petersburg, 1836, p. 309-318, available from nlr.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§80 of Law No. 8054 - Regulation on the Jews
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Synagogues and prayer schools are being re-established only with the permission of the provincial authorities; moreover, it is observed: a) that the buildings designated for this purpose should not be at a close distance from Christian churches.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire - Laws from 1825-1881,” Second Collection, Volume 10, p. 308-309, available at nlr.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§674 - On Merchant and Broker Books.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Everyone can keep their books in any language they please, with the exception of Jews, for whom the rules set out in the Laws on Civil Status are observed
5. Source	“Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 11, Parts 1-12, Saint Petersburg, 1910, p. 1042, available from consultant.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§152 - On the Construction of Jewish Synagogues and Prayer Schools; Build Rules.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The establishment of synagogues is allowed only in places where there are no less than eighty Jewish houses, whereas houses of prayer can be started only in places where there are not less than 30 Jewish houses.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 43, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the "Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire," Vol. 12, 1900, p. 227, available from consultant.ru. The English translation is taken from the book quoted in the source above and verified from the Russian by Andrey Bogancha. Additional research by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§808 - On Jewish Agriculturists
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Rural communities of Jewish agriculturists shall keep apart from settlers belonging to another persuasion.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 42, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the "Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire," Vol. 9, 1899, p. 94, available from civil.consultant.ru. The English translation is taken from the book quoted in the source above and verified from the Russian by Andrey Bogancha. Additional research by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Prussian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	The royal science exam-commission is advised herewith [that local school candidates of the Mosaic faith can be admitted to take the teaching-exam (‘pro facultate docendi’) as per the regulation of April 20, 1831 …], but it goes without saying that this does not apply to exam [to teach] Christian theology […] which is why the royal science exam-commission is to advise each such [Jewish] candidate who shows up to take the exam that they are not eligible to partake in the trial-year as per the supreme order from December 14, 1821, nor can they be hired as a teacher [of it …].
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ministerial Edict” issued by the Bavarian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Bavaria
4. Text of Act	[…] Israeli students who visit public educational establishments (‘Lehranstalten’) must conform (‘conformieren’) to the current ordinances, and therefore, may not abstain from writing or performing their school work on the Sabbath. […]
5. Source	Kreisamtsblätter; Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenkreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg, vom Jahre 1814 bis 1841 inclusive erschienenen Allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial-Reskripte, Regierungs- und Appellationsgerichts Entscheidungen und Ausschreibungen, Bekanntmachungen und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Intresse und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und im Auszuge ihres wesentlichen Inhaltes. Hergestellt von Mathias Stangl, königl. Landsgerichts-Assessor zu Roding in der Oberpfalz. (München; 1842); (Official District Gazettes; Repertorium regarding all Issued Intelligence Reports of the former Regenkreis - now Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg - from 1814-1841 (included) of the Supreme Royal Ordinances, Ministerial Edicts, Government and Appeal Courts, Decisions and Renderings, Announcements and News of General and Special Interest in Alphabetic-Chronological Order and Their Most Essential Content. Produced by Mathias Stangl, Royal Assessor of the District Court for Roding in the Upper Palatinate.); (Munich; 1842);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar edict was issued on September 27, 1835. About two and a half years later – on May 31, 1838 – this law was rescinded.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 23, 1835
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Austrian Court-Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Israelites, in those provinces where they are not entitled to own Christian real property, may not acquire the recorded ownership and possession of such real property in any way except by letting the original certificate, by the power of which they have been granted the exceptional ability to purchase and own such real estate, become part of the official record.
5. Source	Kropatschek, Joseph. Sammlung der Gesetze, Ein und sechszigster Band (Collection of the Laws, Vol. LXI). Mösle & Braumüller: Vienna, 1837. Page 354.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 27, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ministerial Edict 18” issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Foreign Jews are no longer to be accepted as apprentices and business/trade assistants (“Gewerbehilfen”) in Prussia. […]
5. Source	Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenskreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg, vom Jahre 1814 bis 1814 inclusive erschienenen allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial Reskripte, Regierungs- und Appelationsgerichts-Entschließungen und Ausschreibungen, Bekanntmachungen und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Intresse […] in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und imAuszuge ihres wesentlichen Inhaltes hergestellt von Mathias Stangl; (München, 1842); (Official District Gazettes; Repertorium regarding all Issued Intelligence Reports of the former Regenkreis - now Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg - from 1814-1841 (included) of the Supreme Royal Ordinances, Ministerial Edicts, Government and Appeal Courts, Decisions and Renderings, Announcements and News of General and Special Interest in Alphabetic-Chronological Order and Their Most Essential Content. Produced by Mathias Stangl, Royal Assessor of the District Court for Roding in the Upper Palatinate.); (Munich; 1842)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 19, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular #1448, issued to all county officials by the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The petitions of naturalized Jews seeking to settle in another province should be scrutinized appropriately, so that superficial examination will not result in penniless or otherwise unfit Jews creeping into the older provinces of the state surreptitiously. Particular attention must be paid to any evidence of net worth. It is not enough for the supplicant to display cash or other monetary instruments in the required amount, claiming them to be his own, as this is an easy way to deceive the state. Assets must therefore be proven by way of professional accounting ledgers, unless the petitioner owns real estate, making his assets well-documented beyond a doubt.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens in Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 64.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 26, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular, issued by the Prussian Minister of the Interior and Police
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In order for the attestations and certificates required for resettlement petitions of naturalized Jews to be credible documents, it is necessary that the petitioners no longer send these documents directly to this office, but that instead, their local government officials scrupulously ascertain all claims made in these documents, and then forward the complete petition to the ministry. In order to lessen the burden to local governments incurred by individual submissions, a packet of all such petitions shall be submitted to the ministry monthly, along with a list bearing the following columns: 1. Sequential number, 2. Name, 3. Current place of residence and synagogue of petitioner, […] 10. Comments. The last column should include any circumstances in favor of the petition, or against it.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens in Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 59.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A Minister of the Interior is a government official combining most functions of what is known in the U.S. as the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 5, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Examination and Hiring of a Jewish schoolmaster and shochet” issued by the Grand Duke Fredrick Francis (‘Friedrich Franz’) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick Francis […] declare herewith […] that even though the Jewish schoolmasters, who are to perform shechita* as well, can be appointed by the Jewry of each place, they cannot be (formally) hired before they have been tested, found competent, and certified by the [aforementioned rabbi…] and no Jewish school teacher, or shochet shall be admitted by the authorities or tolerated who cannot produce a proper certificate from the local rabbinate of Landau. […] Issued via Our government in Schwerin […]
5. Source	Gesetzsammlung für die Mecklenburg-Schwerin’schen Lande. Zweite Folge, umfassend den Zeitraum vom Anfange dieses Jahrhunderts bis zum Jahre 1852. Herausgegeben von H. F. W. Raabe, Canzleiadvocaten. IV Band. (Collection of Laws for the lands/region of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Second edition, covering the period starting with this century until 1852. Edited by H. F. W. Raabe, advocate. Volume IV.); (1852);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is an amendment to an earlier law issued on April, 10, 1794. *According to chabad.org on 3/22/2021, "Shechita is the Jewish religious and humane method of slaughtering permitted animals and poultry for food."

1. Full Date of Act	May 27, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law No. 9226 restricting Jewish participation in elections
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The general rule for the election of Jews is that they should form no more than a third of the boards, so that the other two thirds, including the Chairman, are Christians.
5. Source	Jewish World of Ukraine, “О евреях. (Свод законов Российской Империи. Том девятый. Свод законов о состояниях. Книга первая. Раздел пятый. О состоянии инородцев. Глава вторая) 1912 г. [On Jews. (Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. Volume Nine. Code of Laws on States. Book One. Section Five. On the State of Foreigners. Chapter Two) 1912],” ju.org.ua, accessed Oct. 3, 2024.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, these restrictions were repeated in Law No. 12486 of June 29, 1839, Law No. 46498 of June 16, 1870, and Law No. 54640 of April 29, 1875. Translator The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 6, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by Friedrich Wilhelm III
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from taking Christian first names. […]
5. Source	Kreutzberger, Mark: Leo Baeck Institute New York Bibliothek und Archiv. Katalog, Vol. 1); (Tübingen; 1970)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher On March 23, 1841 a new ordinance was issued that said that Jews are only prohibited to take first names that refer to dogmas of the Christian church, such as Peter–as well as those who could be derived from the name of the "savior," such as Christoph, Christian etc.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 10, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Prussian government and addressed to all parts of the land/local governments
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	The royal higher regional court is ordered as per the supreme royal decree of June 19 [of the same year …] to refrain from referring to those of the Jewish religion as ‘Mosaic or old-testament co-religionists in all legal proceedings and documents but to rather use expressions like: Jew, or [of the] Jewish religion, or believer of the Jewish faith, etc. Simultaneously, per the aforementioned supreme decree, the royal decree of November 30, 1828, has also been tightened, in which it has been ordered that Jews may not have Christians names and that the police [are] to ensure that this […] no longer occurs.
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Supreme Cabinets-Order” issued by Prussian government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the acquisition of farming land in the districts/areas of Paderborn, Büren, Warburg, and Höxter is only to be permitted to Jews if they farm the land themselves or with Jewish servants.
5. Source	Die Juden und die Jüdischen Gemeinden Preussens in amtlichen Enqueten des Vormärz. Teil 1. Manfred Jehle (Ed.). Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin. Band 82/1-4. (Jews and Jewish Communities in Prussia in official matters/inquiries of the Vormärz. Part 1. Single/limited publications of the Historical Commission of Berlin. Volume 82/1-4.); (Berlin; 1998);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 17, 1836
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance #19372, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Even though the ordinance issued July 26, 1821, explicitly states that Jews without any means shall not be issued any passports, unless they can show convincingly that they have some significant business at their destination, as well as the minimum means for their travel: so, nevertheless, there have been cases in which, counter to the letter and the spirit of that ordinance, Jews have been issued passports, with generous durations of validity, for the general purpose of visiting markets and fairs, visiting relatives, or looking for a place to stay. This is entirely inadmissible. Thus, we are issuing this reminder of the above-mentioned ordinance regarding unnaturalized Jews, which is still in effect; in the future, we will issue a fine of 1 to 10 thalers for each contravention.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 303.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 9, 1837
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ministerial Edict” issued by the Bavarian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews are not permitted to change their last names arbitrarily which they have chosen at one point and entered in public registry/directory (‘Matrikel’). […]
5. Source	Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenskreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg, vom Jahre 1814 bis 1814 inclusive erschienenen allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial Reskripte, Regierungs- und Appelationsgerichts-Entschließungen und Ausschreibungen, Bekanntmachungen und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Intresse […] in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und imAuszuge ihres wesentlichen Inhaltes hergestellt von Mathias Stangl; (München, 1842); (“Official District Gazettes; Repertorium regarding all Issued Intelligence Reports of the former Regenkreis - now Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg - from 1814-1841 (included) of the Supreme Royal Ordinances, Ministerial Edicts, Government and Appeal Courts, Decisions and Renderings, Announcements and News of General and Special Interest in Alphabetic-Chronological Order and Their Most Essential Content. Produced by Mathias Stangl, Royal Assessor of the District Court for Roding in the Upper Palatinate.); (Munich; 1842)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A “Matrikel” was an ancestor book/roll that was used in certain areas of Germany/Austria. It was basically a public register/directory of residence. It’s derived from the Latin word “marticula” (list; scroll).

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1837
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regulations” issued by Johann Duke/Elector of Saxe-Weimar*
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Saxe-Weimar; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1) The permission for Jews to reside in this land is continuously to be limited to the cities of Dresden and Leipzig in the future as well, and it is not to be extended to other areas/places ('Orte'). […] 2) […] b) The resettlement of a Jew from one area (in the land) to another requires the permission of Our Ministry of the Interior, except in cases when a Jewish woman gets married outside of her current place of residence. […] 3) […] this [exception] does not apply to marriages between a foreign Jewess and a local/native Jews […] the settlement of a foreign Jewess in Saxony by marriage to a local Jew also requires the permission of Our Ministry of the Interior. […] 6) a) after further consideration […] Jews are still to be excluded from these two – not yet mentioned […] - professions, and those are: the book trade and brandy distillation. The first one, because experience […] has shown that the Jews show a tendency - when they choose this profession – […] to only have profits in mind […] and do not take into consideration the great influence books can have on the moral state of people and the evil that can be spread through pernicious writings, or the kind of damage they can cause writers and other book traders through – for example – copying/reprinting […]
5. Source	Landtags-Acten von den Jahren 1836-1837. Beilagen zu den Protocollen der ersten Kammer. Erste Sammlung (Parliamentary Files of the Years 1836-1837. Supplements for the Protocols of the First Chamber, First Collection/Volume I); (Dresden)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *This regulation was issued by Johann, Duke/Elector of Saxony together with Albert von Carlowitz; D. Carl Friedrich Günther; Christian Friedrich Wehner; Paul August Ritterstädt (Speaker) - the “first deputation of the first chamber.” The above text consists of eight sections with various sub-sections and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space.

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1837
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In the circular ordinance of August 7, 1834, we determined that those individuals who visit markets, namely the unnaturalized Jews, may not be issued passports that are valid indefinitely and without special indication of the markets to be visited, but instead only those which are valid for 2 to 3 months, and that these Jews may not bring along their whole family, but only one assistant, and that they must return to their hometown upon the expiration date of the passport. To that end, we order all county marshals to direct their subordinates towards strict enforcement of said ordinance, and we further amend the same to the effect that any extensions of passports of such Jews shall only take place if these individuals apply for such extensions in their hometown, and not, as has occurred in some cases, by way of other police agencies sending the passports to the hometown agency for an extension.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 304.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1837
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§10 of the Supplement to Article 68 - Rules on the Permanent and Temporary Stay of Jews Within and Outside the Settlement.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Of the Jews who were in the Stavropol province and Transcaucasia before the promulgation of the regulations of the Committee of Ministers on May 18, 1837 (10255), those who lived in entire villages and practiced arable farming were left there, with the provision of the use of common rights, which were established for them in the places of their common settlement; but other Jews are no longer allowed to settle permanently in that region.
5. Source	“Code of the Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 14, St. Petersburg, 1903, p. 68, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Additional research by Kateryna Mukhina. Translator It was translated into English using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1837
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Ludwig I of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Also, the division of commodity/goods complexes, which the Jews have acquired at permitted court auctions as a result of probate disputes between minors, is prohibited; the purchase of houses and land for the private ownership is only permitted at public — that means, legal/court — auctions and when ‘jus deleni’ is exercised during bankruptcy cases […] and the resale [of such good/property] is only permitted so long the property is sold in its entirety [as a whole]. […]
5. Source	Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenskreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg, vom Jahre 1814 bis 1814 inclusive erschienenen allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial Reskripte, Regierungs- und Appelationsgerichts-Entschließungen und Ausschreibungen, Bekanntmachungen und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Intresse […] in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und imAuszuge ihres wesentlichen Inhaltes hergestellt von Mathias Stangl; (München, 1842); (Official District Gazettes; Repertorium regarding all Issued Intelligence Reports of the former Regenkreis - now Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg - from 1814-1841 (included) of the Supreme Royal Ordinances, Ministerial Edicts, Government and Appeal Courts, Decisions and Renderings, Announcements and News of General and Special Interest in Alphabetic-Chronological Order and Their Most Essential Content. Produced by Mathias Stangl, Royal Assessor of the District Court for Roding in the Upper Palatinate.); (Munich; 1842)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This royal rescript was reissued/made public by the government on November 30, 1837.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prohibition for Israeli traders to engage in the hauling or commission business decree of the Lower-Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israeli (detail) traders are prohibited under any circumstances to work in the hauling and commission business.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 487.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 17, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Official Note to §7 of the Regulations on Government Contracts and Supplies - On Persons Entitled to Enter Into Contracts with the Treasury.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Note. Jews cannot be attorneys for other persons for contracts and supplies in all those places in which they themselves are not allowed to participate in contracts and supplies.
5. Source	“Complete Code of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 10, 1900, p. 210, available via consultant.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.