Acts – Page 128 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 17, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Senate: On the Prohibition of Jews by Proxy To Work in Places Where They Are Prohibited From Permanent Residence.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews cannot enter into contracts for those items that have to be performed in places where Jews are not allowed to permanently stay, then it follows by itself that Jews cannot be attorneys from other persons for payoffs, contracts, supplies and where they are prohibited from permanent residence.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 13, Collection 1825-1881, No. 11340, p. 911, available from nlr.ru.
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Sherli Frank Translator Andrey Bogancha
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 30, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of His Majesty the King, Concerning the Obligations and Rights of Professors of the Mosaic Faith Here in the Kingdom.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sweden
4. Text of Act	§.2. Mosaic confessors may not, without His Majesty the King's separate Graceful permission, buy real estate in the country. Nor may Mosaic confessors have the right to elect or call priests or church servants within the Swedish congregations, be a member of Directorates or Commissioners who have dealings with church affairs or education, or participate in elections to such positions, or in deliberations and decisions on such matters. They shall also alone maintain the poor of their own denomination, without thereby being able to exempt themselves from participation, according to the applicable grounds, in the charges for the general poor relief of the parish in whose area they reside or own property.
5. Source	Hugo Valentin, “Urkunder Till Judarnas Historia i Sverige [Records for the History of the Jews in Sweden],” Albert Bonniers, Stockholm, 1924, p. 63-64, available from runeberg.org.
6. Researcher & Translator	Rodi Adelsson (DLA Piper Sweden)
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Swedish in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Rodi Adelsson.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 30, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Charles XIV John, King of Sweden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Sweden
4. Text of Act	§2 – The Mosaic religionists may not purchase any real estate in the country without special permission by His Majesty the King. In addition, they shall support the poor among their co-religionists on their own, while they are not exempted from the usual contributions to the common poorhouse of the community in which they reside. §6 – Synagogues may be erected only with the King’s permission. Each synagogue must employ a teacher of religion who preaches in Swedish, Danish, French or German, and is paid by the [Jewish] congregation.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsere Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. Page 22.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Frederick Augustus II, King of Saxony
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 1 – Permissions for permanent residences of Jews in Saxony shall henceforth be limited to the cities of Dresden and Leipzig, not to be issued for any other places. Art. 2 – A move by a Jew from one place in the country to another shall require the authorization by Our Ministry if the Interior, except in the case of Jewesses marrying outside of their place of residence. Art. 6 – Domestic Jews residing in Leipzig or Dresden may operate any type of business they choose, with the exception of retail stores, pharmacies, restaurants and taverns, production of brandy, and house-to-house sales. For the operation of any wholesale or shipping business, a special concession is required, to be issued by the Ministry of the Interior. Art. 7 – Jewish master tradesmen may take only Jewish boys as apprentices. […].
5. Source	Kingdom of Saxony (Country). Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für das Königreich Sachsen (Register of Laws and Ordinances for the Kingdom of Saxony). Meinhold: Dresden, 1838. Page 394.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 21, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Edict” issued by Ludwig I of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] The ordinance of June 10, 1799, is [herewith] brought into memory, according to which Jews are to be excluded from all sorts of purchasing, negotiating, and exchange contracts of land division [purchases] and that they have to refrain from it all the more so, as all violators will be severely punished and all contracts that pertain to this will be annulled upon any [received] complaints, as well as against any meddling/interference by Jews […]
5. Source	Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenkreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg von Jahre 1814 bis 1841 inclusive erschienen Allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial-Rescripte, Regierungs - und Appellationsgerichts-Entschließungen und Ausschreibungen, und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Interesse u. in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und im Auszug ihres wesentliche Inhalts. Hergestellt von Mathias Stangl, königl. Landgerichts-Assessor zu Robing in der Oberpfalz. (München; 1842); (‘Collection/Repertory of [all] Supreme/Highest Royal Decrees, Ministerial Rescripts, Government and Appeals-Court Decisions, Announcements, and News of Special or General Interest - which appeared in the Intelligence-Papers of the former Regenskreis, […] currently the Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg from 1814 to 1841 – in alphabetical or chronological order and excerpts of the overall content [of the law]. Complied by Mathias Stangl, Royal, District-Court Assessor of Robing in the Upper-Palatinate.') (Munich; 1842)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 8, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the [Prussian] state government of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	In spite of the ordinances against the useless roaming of Jewish merchants, public safety remains endangered by a number of Jewish merchants without means, who move about the land under false pretenses. In view of this, the following ordinances regarding Jewish merchants are hereby made known to police and public alike: 1. The passport-issuing agencies do not need to make any distinction between Jewish merchants and other residents when issuing passports. 2. Jewish merchants with special permission to trade while traveling, are also to be treated according to the passport directive of July 12, 1817. However, those Jews without such permission may only be issued a passport with a maximum validity of three months. 3. Those Jewish merchants trading at markets, who come from other [Prussian] states but do not bear the necessary passports, shall be turned back immediately by way of a visa.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 308.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Section 1 appears merely cosmetic, in view of the fact that “other residents” (who were not Jewish) did not need any passport for domestic travel.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 21, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Charles XIV John, King of Sweden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Sweden
4. Text of Act	1. Should a Mosaic co-religionist wish to establish himself anywhere other than Stockholm, Gothenburg, Norrköping or Karlskrona, he shall petition Us to that end, detailing the nature of the intended establishment, after which We will consult with the pertinent citizen groups and government agencies, before deciding on whether or not to give Our consent. 2. Mosaic co-religionists who are in the empire only temporary, with our permission, may only settle in in the four specified cities. 3. If a Mosaic co-religionist applies for permission to work in a trade or similar business, the licensing authority shall review all formal qualifications [of the Jew] for the trade, but not before consulting with the appropriate trade association.
5. Source	Jost, Isaak Markus. Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der Maccabäer bis auf unsre Tage: Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten von 1815 bis 1845; 2. Die Staaten und Länder außer Deutschland: mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen zur älteren Geschichte, Band 10, Teil 2 (History of the Israelites from the time of the Maccabees to our present days: Recent history of the Israelites from 1815 until 1845; 2. The states and and countries other than Germany: with appendices and corrections of older history, Vol. 10, Part 2). Schlesinger: Berlin, 1847. Page 25.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Section 3 effectively excluded Jews from all tradesmanship, since the trade associations of the time were strongly opposed to allowing any Jews in their professions.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 21, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Proclamation of His Majesty the King Concerning the Rights and Obligations of Those of the Mosaic Faith in the Kingdom.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sweden
4. Text of Act	1:0. If a Mosaic confessor, who is either born here in the Kingdom or coming in from abroad, and wishes to settle elsewhere than in Stockholm, Gothenborg, Norrköping or Karlskrona, needs to fill in an application stating the purpose of the applied for settlement; whereupon, after hearing the appropriate Citizenship and authorities have been heard, and with submissive explanations and opinions have been received, we will specifically in grace decide on whether the residency shall take place or not. 2:0. Mosaic confessors, who with Our Gracious permission only temporarily reside in the Kingdom, may not settle elsewhere than in the above-mentioned four cities. 3:0. If a Mosaic confessor seeks to engage in trade, crafts or other civil activity in a town where he has obtained the right to settle, he should pay close attention to the conditions for obtaining such a right, which in each case generally prescribe peace, years of apprenticeship or service, apprenticeship, master's examination, etc. And the official authority to which the application is made, before it is submitted for examination, should always hear from the relevant trade, craft or factory societies.
5. Source	Hugo Valentin, “Urkunder Till Judarnas Historia i Sverige [Records for the History of the Jews in Sweden],” Albert Bonniers, Stockholm, 1924, p. 70-71, available from runeberg.org.
6. Researcher & Translator	Rodi Adelsson (DLA Piper Sweden)
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Swedish in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Rodi Adelsson.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 19, 1838
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of the Lower-Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israeli fabric owners are required to request a permit (Aufenthaltsbolette) if they are going to stay in Vienna one or more days.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 477.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by the Romania Government
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) An annual tax of sixty plasters is placed on each Jews of Moldovia. [Moldovia is currently known as Moldova.] Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States;* (1916)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 5, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration/Amendment to Cabinet-Order of September 20, 1836” for the city of Minden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who manage their own land, and who have purchased their property/land after the supreme cabinets-order from September 20, 1836, may continue to use Christians servants/aids until January 1, 1844.
5. Source	Die Juden und die Jüdischen Gemeinden Preussens in amtlichen Enqueten des Vormärz. Teil 1. Manfred Jehle (Ed.). Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin. Band 82/1-4. (Jews and Jewish Communities in Prussia in official matters/inquiries of the Vormärz. Part 1. Single/limited publications of the Historical Commission of Berlin. Volume 82/1-4.); (Berlin; 1998);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Government Decision” issued by the Bavarian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bavaria; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] The peddling, emergency, and haggling practices of Jews who have already resided here since June 10, 1813, can be authorized by the responsible local authorities […] however, the issued patent (permit) is only valid for one year and can only be used by the owner of such permit and only in situations of continuous inevitable obstacles – such as long-lasting illness – can it be used by a substitute. The peddling-patent is to be presented to any police authority upon request. If the peddler is carrying any other goods than stated in the patent, or if he oversteps his district, he is to be punished according to the ordinance of December 31, 1813 and to be returned home. The punishment that was bestowed is to be noted on the peddling-permit and to be reported to the home authorities. […]
5. Source	Repertorium über die in den Intelligenzblättern für den vormaligen Regenskreis, nun von der Oberpfalz und von Regensburg, vom Jahre 1814 bis 1814 inclusive erschienenen allerhöchsten königlichen Verordnungen, Ministerial Reskripte, Regierungs- und Appelationsgerichts-Entschließungen und Ausschreibungen, Bekanntmachungen und Nachrichten von allgemeinem und besonderem Intresse […] in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung und imAuszuge ihres wesentlichen Inhaltes hergestellt von Mathias Stangl; (München, 1842); (Official District Gazettes; Repertorium regarding all Issued Intelligence Reports of the former Regenkreis - now Upper-Palatinate and Regensburg - from 1814-1841 (included) of the Supreme Royal Ordinances, Ministerial Edicts, Government and Appeal Courts, Decisions and Renderings, Announcements and News of General and Special Interest in Alphabetic-Chronological Order and Their Most Essential Content. Produced by Mathias Stangl, Royal Assessor of the District Court for Roding in the Upper Palatinate.); (Munich; 1842)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 13, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas cases may arise, where the legal limitations regarding the issuance of passports to Jewish merchants, as promulgated in the ordinance of September 8, 1838, are subject to an exceptional relaxation; therefore, we hereby order all county marshals, as well as the state police, to report to us each case, and the particular reason for the exception – before these passports are issued.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 310.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 14, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” (‘Hofdecret’) issued by the Royal Court Chancellery*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Due to a [specific] case, the r[oyal] i[mperial] Royal Court Chancellery (‘k. k. Hofkanzlei’) has issued the following instruction via a Royal Court decree from February 14: Though the [section] 51 of the Bohemian Jewish Patent of 1797 grants those Jews, who voluntarily devote themselves to military service, or engage in farming (‘Ackerbau’), or devote themselves to a properly learned craft [as recognized by the guilds] the advantages of the civil rights--including in matters relating to marriage- it does not permit them to establish a family-number, which are limited to a certain number in Bohemia** […]
5. Source	Allgemeine österreichische Gewebs-Gesetzkunde, oder systematische Darstellung der gesetzlichen Verfassung der Manufacturs- und Handelsgewerbe in den deutschen, böhmischen, galizischen, italienischen und ungarischen Provinzen des österreichischen Kaiserstaates. Von W. Gustav Kopetz, Doctor der Rechte, k. k. ordentlich. öffentl. Professor der politischen Wissenschaften und der österreichischen politischen Gesetzkunde an der Universität zu Prag, wirklichem Mitglied der k. k. patriotische-ökonomischen Gesellschaft und des pomologischen Vereines im Königreich Böhmen. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1830); (General Austrian Legal Common Business Law or systematic representation of the legal constitution for manufacturing and trade in the German, Bohemian, Galician, Italian and Hungarian provinces of the Austrian Empire. By W. Gustav Kopetz, Ph.d. in Law [and] proper r[oyal] i[mperial] public professor of political sciences and Austrian political law at the University of Prague [and a] real member of the r[oyal] i[mperial] patriotic-economic society and the pomological association in the Kingdom of Bohemia.); (Vienna; 1830)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This law was made public via a “Gubernatorial Decree” on March 8 of the same year. *The number of Jews allowed within a certain domain was often pre-fixed so that when Jews, who came of age and wanted to get married and create a family, had to either apply for and be granted their own family-number or leave the country.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 10, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Interior and Police Ministry of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	9. Whereas experience has shown that foreign merchant-Jews in particular are eager to obtain Prussian passports, and that once they have been issued such, demand their renewal or extension under all kinds of pretense, in order to roam across the country in all directions; thus it is decreed, in particular consideration of these Jews, that an extension of their passports, or any issuance of new Prussian passports or, in their place, letters of transit, may only take place under the most special circumstances, and only with the approval of the government of the [Prussian] state in which they are staying. Any replacement for a supposedly lost passport can only consist of a limited passport for a straight return to their hometown, including a specific travel route. 10. Regarding Jewish merchants residing in Prussia, it is also ordered, so as to prevent them from any unauthorized roving, that passports may be issued to them only by the police department of their hometown, or by the superior agency to which that department reports. Should such a passport expire while its bearer is somewhere other than his hometown, an extension my be granted for only 6 weeks, unless there is reason to send him back home immediately.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 314.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 30, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Interior Ministry of Russia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Foreign Jews may be permitted to stay in Russia for up to one year, as long as they can prove that they have transactions of trade to conduct; however, such a permission only extends to the Pale of [Jewish] Settlement. Foreign Jews may apply at the Russian Consulates in their home country, where, in addition to the passports issued by their home country, they have to show the following evidence of the business they plan to transact in Russia: 1. Invoices, showing shipments of goods to a Russian customs office, or to a Russian harbor, 2. Letters from Russian businessmen, which show that the addressee is truly conducting business at the Russian places in question, and 3. Receipts for the taxes paid for past business transactions in Russia.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 319.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The Pale of Settlement was a western region of Imperial Russia with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917, in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, was mostly forbidden.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 4, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Directive to all county marshals, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Many Jews in our administrative district roam beyond its border, without fulfilling the purpose of their travel – to sell their wares at markets – and thus create a public nuisance. However, as long as they carry the required passports – as they generally do – nothing can be done against their roaming. Therefore and herewith, we instruct all county marshals to order their subordinate agencies to be stricter in the issuance of passports, not giving them to Jews who carry few or no wares with them, let alone to their companions, which may be claimed to be assistants.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 311.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas the number of those who accompany Jews to markets and fairs should be should be limited as much as possible; the established principle, however, that only those Jews shall be granted travel companions who are unable to transport their own wares due to illness or age, cannot be the sole deciding factor. The considerations that come into play are the following: 1. The companions must be living under their master’s roof, now as well as in the past. If they are not, which would necessitate a separate passport, the means for and destination of travel must be investigated separately, as well, and the passport be issued on those merits, or not. 2. The companions must be actual sales assistants; it should be investigated, whether the volume and nature of the business, as shown by the evidence presented, favor the permission of an assistant. 3. The companions must be suited for trading at annual markets. Since Jewish boys shall not be used for this purpose, we therefore instruct all agencies not to allow Jews between 13 and 20 years of age as companions, even if they fulfill the other requirements detailed above.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 312.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 19, 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to trade with church related items” decree of the court chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to trade with liturgical vestments, church vessels, crosses, holy images etc. on the markets or from house-to-house, or to purchase such items during public auctions.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Zweiter Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 479.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 31, 1840
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Funeral-Ordinance for the Israelites,” issued by the Ministry of the Interior of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Announcing a funeral by loud, public calls, i.e., in the style of a town crier, as is customary in certain locales, is forbidden; however, a servant, tasked for this purpose, may go from house to house and give, to each person separately, notice of when and where the funeral is to take place.
5. Source	Scheel, Friedrich [publ.]. Zusammenstellung der die Israeliten des vorhinnigen Kurfürstenthums Hessen betreffenden gesetzlichen Erlasse (Compilation of Decrees Concerning the Israelites in the State of Hesse). Scheel: Cassel, 1901. Page 64.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 2, 1840
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Gubernatorial-Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] permission for Jews to get married cannot be issued by a Rabbi without the aforementioned [pair] having submitted the necessary state fees and taxes and received the state’s consent […].
5. Source	Versuch einer sysatematischen Darstellung der in Böhmen bezüglich der Juden bestehenden Gesete und Verordnungen. Von Heinrich Ritter von Kopetz, k. k. Konceptspraktikanten des böhmischen Guberniums. (Prag; 1846); (Attempt at a systematic representation of the laws and ordinances in Bohemia concerning the Jews. By Heinrich Ritter [Knight] von Kopetz, r[oyal] i[mperial] concept-intern of the Bohemian government.); (Prague; 1846)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 10, 1840
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Part I: Regarding the Treatment of Dead Bodies – Section 3: The face of a deceased person may, if Jewish ritual laws even prescribe concealing it, be covered with the burial cloth only in a manner that leaves nose and mouth completely free.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens in Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 174.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 20, 1840
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Department of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The issuance of passports to unnaturalized Jews is still lacking the necessary diligence, and complaints persist that such Jews use their passports to maintain a roving, panhandling way of life. We already detailed the administrative process for such passports in previous ordinances, but furthermore order herewith, that any passports for travel to annual markets may only be issued for those cities in which there actually is an annual market during the validity period of the passport, that the dates of these markets are clearly given in the passport, and that the stamping of the passport must take place in every place where the bearer stays for more than 24 hours, a reminder of which is to be given to the bearer in writing, by way of an appendix to his passport. Naturalized Jews are still required to have a passport for travel within Prussia, if it takes place outside of Posen; should such Jews desire to travel to markets as merchants, they will be subject to the same laws and ordinances as unnaturalized Jews.
5. Source	Kletke, M.G. (ed.). Organisation des Judenwesens im Großherzogthum Posen (Organization of Jewish Affairs in the Grand Duchy of Posen). Heymann: Berlin, 1843. Page 318.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1841
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Maskilim to Govenors of the Pale - A Program for Russification 1841
3. Geography of Act	Russia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"The Russian government's objectives in the encouragement of enlightenment among the Jewish people [should be] special emphasis to the moral as opposed to the academic aspects of the education of the Jews... To pay special attention to the teaching of Russian history and language, for there is nothing which unites diverse ethnic groups... better than the dissemination of information concerning that nation's history and literature... In order to thwart the harmful influence of the Talmud, without at this stage destroying the book... the rabbis should be empowered to prepare a short religious text... in accordance with the accepted principles regarding civil responsibilities to the tsar and the motherland... the Jews must be ordered to change their dress for the clothing commonly worn throughout the country..."
5. Source	Paul Mendes-Flohr & Yehuda Reinharz ed., The Jew in the Modern World, (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 385
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 26, 1841
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§1500 of the Law on the Acquisition of Property by Purchase at Public Auction: Acquisition of Personal Property
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In places where Jews may not permanently reside, they may not be admitted to the public auctions where chattels belonging to the Crown are being sold.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 58, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Inga Romm, Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the “Complete Code of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 10, 1900, p. 127, available via consultant.ru. It was found and verified by Inga Romm.