Acts – Page 13 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1090
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry IV for Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	[…] It is permitted for Jews to ask/order (‘bestellen’) Christians to their businesses (for business matters), but not on Sun- and holy-days; furthermore, Jews are not permitted to acquire Christian serfs […]
5. Source	Remling, Franz Xaver: Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer. Erster Band. (History of Bishops of Speyer. First volume.); Mainz; 1852.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher This writ of Henry contains mostly pro-Jewish regulations except the excerpts translated above.

1. Full Date of Act	May 20, 1092
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Synod of Szabolcs Established by the Hungarian National Synod by King Saint Laszlo the 1st, (Reigned from 1077 to 1095)
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	#10. If the Jews wanted to choose a wife among of christians, or they would keep a christian housemaid, they have to get their freedom back, whomever have sold her, the selling price must be taken away from them and it would be given to the bishop. #26. If a Jew would be found working on Sunday or on any other major holiday, to make sure of christianity would not be ashamed, any tools, that he or she (the jew) was working with, would be taken away.
5. Source	Hungarian Catholic Lexicon, published by Peter Pazmany Catholic University, Hungary
6. Researcher & Translator	David King
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	Editor Synod: a group of church leaders who are in charge of making decisions and laws in a formal meeting, related to the church; an ecclesiastical governing or advisory council.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1092
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 10 & 26 issued by Council of Szaboles
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	[Canon 10] If Jews should associate to themselves wives of Christians or keep in their service and Christian, such a person shall be taken from them and restored to freedom, while the price money shall be taken from his sellers and transferred to the maintenance expenses of the bishops…[Canon 26] If anyone should discover a Jew working on Sunday or on other high holidays, he shall lose the tools he will be using, lest Christianity be scandalized.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 559-560
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1096
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews” issued by Count Emicho
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Rhineland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) 1,200 Jews committed suicide in Mainz to escape Count Emicho’s attempt to forcefully convert them. All in all, 5,000 Jews were murdered. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1100 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Laws regarding Dhimmis’ Servitudes Issued by Ibn Abdun in Seville
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Paragraph 157 - A Jew mustn’t slaughter an animal for a Muslim. The Jews may be authorized to open their own special butcher shops. Paragraph 164 - It is forbidden to sell a coat that once belonged to a leper, to a Jew or Christian, unless the buyer is informed of its origin. […]"
5. Source	Bat Ye’Or, the Dhimmi. Jews and Christians under Islam, 1985, page 187. Edited by Franziska Wagener 4/2016
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The date for this law collection is believed to be around the year 1100.

1. Full Date of Act	1101 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Carnotensis Drecretal
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"If any of the Jews should buy a Christian slave or anyone from another sect and should circumcise him, having suffered under the control of a Jew, he shall remain free."
5. Source	Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Lat. 4636 [Buch 3 und Add., 3.286]
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1117
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Persecution” by Henry II
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are persecuted in Rome. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1121 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Dress Code” issued by the Abbasid Caliphate
3. Geography of Act	Abbasid Dynasty [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[… Jews are required to wear] two yellow badges, one on the headgear and one on the neck. Furthermore, each Jew must hang round his neck a piece of lead with the word dhimmi [Jew] on it. He also has to wear a belt round his waist. The women have to wear one red and one black shoe and have [to have] a small bell on their necks or shoes." .
5. Source	Johnson, Paul: A History of the Jews. (1987)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	Researcher The original documents have been lost. However, the decree has been found described in a Genisa* document (*documents found hidden in Jewish synagogues)

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 22, 1124
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Duke Vladislaus I of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] In the future, no Christian may serve a Jew.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zu Jahre 1278. Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Historischen Commission Für Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland. Bearbeitet unter Mitwirkung von Albert Dresdner, Ludwig Lewinski und Julius Aronius. (Regesta on the History of the Jews in the Franconian and German Empires up until the year 1278. Published by the order of the Historical Commission for the History of Jews in German. Edited by Albert Dresdner, Ludwig Lewinski, and Julius Aronius); (Berlin; 1902)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher According to the author of the cited source, this law was the result of the following occurrence: Jakob Apella, a Jew who had sizable wealth and influence on the Duke, had converted to Christianity (in part to please the duke) and had even built an altar in his home. Soon after his conversion, however, he regretted his decision and reverted back to Judaism. Jokob is said to have thrown away the altar and the religious artifacts in his home which so infuriated Vladislaus that he had him arrested, his wealth confiscated, and required 3,000 pounds of silver and 100 pounds of gold from Jacob’s (Jewish) friends in order not to execute him. Shortly after, Vladislaus issued the above order.

1. Full Date of Act	1140 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Corpus Iuris Canonici, decreed by the Catholic Church
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Just as the Jews are not to be forced to the faith so it must not be allowed to the converted to recede from it [166]. -- Christian slaves bought by Jews should be set at liberty [211]. --Public offices are not to be committed to the Jews [211]. --Slaves who come from infidelity to the faith are to be set at liberty [211].”
5. Source	Corpus Iuris Canonici. Vol I. Catholic Church (ed. Emil Friedberg) [column numbers above]. Tauchnitz: Leipzig, 1879. Accessed online
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1144 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of Louis VII, King of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“It has come to our attention that certain Jews, having converted to the Christian faith, deny it, instigated by the Devil, and have returned to Judaism; recognizing that this is a disgrace to the name of Christ and vehemently contemptuous of the Christian religion, such presumption being hurtful to the realm, we issue a decree to prohibit it. Therefore we decree and we sanction by the authority of the king, that whosoever among the Jews, successively having been reborn in Christ through the grace of baptism, should presume to return to his ancient error, may not dare remain anywhere in our kingdom, and should they be captured, either be condemned to death, or be punished by dismemberment.”
5. Source	Tardif, Jules, and Archives Nationales (France). Monuments Historiques (Cartons Des Rois, 528-1789) (Historical Monuments (Royal Cartons, 528-1789)). Paris: J. Cayce, 1866. Page 256, Item 470.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1144
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Blood libel
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Life was incredibly hard for England’s Jews at the time. The first instance of a blood libel - where Jews were accused of killing a Christian child in order to use his blood in Jewish rituals - occurred in 1144 in the English town of Norwich. A second blood libel took place in 1255 - during Licoricia’s lifetime - when the body of a young child was found in a well in the town of Lincoln. The boy’s friends accused local Jews of kidnapping, torturing and murdering the child. Lincoln’s sheriff arrested over 90 Jews; 18 were executed. Both of the children at the centers of these blood libels were made into saints (St. William of Norwich and St. Hugh of Lincoln), stoking Christian hatred of local Jews still further." Dr. Yvette Alt Miller, "The Most Famous Jewish Woman in Medieval England," aish.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1145
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Eugenius III
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Pope Eugenius orders Jews to remit interest on debts of Crusaders while absent. Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1146
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Persecution of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Almohad Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Beginning of Jewish persecution in Almohad in northern Africa and Southern Spain; Jews flee or pretend to accept Islam. [The persecution could have been ordered by Caliph Abd al-Mu’min.] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1148
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restriction on Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Almohad Caliphate
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Only Jews who had converted to Christianity or Islam were allowed to live in Granada. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1150 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	The Tolletanean Council
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"If after the Jew has been baptized, he should transgress against Christ, he must be condemned..."
5. Source	Decretum Gratiani, Pars II, Causa I, Questio IV, Can. VII,
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1150
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Matisconensian Council
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"We decree that no Christian slave may serve a Jew."
5. Source	Decretum Gratiani, Pars I, Distinctio LIV, Can. XVIII,
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1153
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Henry II Tallages on Jews
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The Jews had prospered since they had immigrated to England, but the reign of Henry II was, despite the introduction of tallages (taxes) on Jews, a particularly good one for them." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 9
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1156
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Persecution of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Khwarazmian Dynasty
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews of Persia are persecuted on the account of pseudo Messia David Alroy. [The persecution could have followed a decree issued by Shah Il-Arslan “The Lion” (Taj ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Il-Arslan ibn Atsiz).] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 6, 1157
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege for the Jews of Worms and Other Members” (“Judeis de Wormacla et ceteris sodlibus”) issued by Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich Barbrossa
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] We proclaim […] since we care for all the Jews who are in Our kingdom […] and are Our prerogative and belong to the imperial chamber […that they] are part of Our Chamber’s Affairs ('ad cameram nostram attineat') […] Their inherited movable and immovable belongings are to be protected […] Jews are permitted to exchange money anywhere in the city except in front of the Mint (Coin House) and other exchange facilities […] They are permitted to trade freely in all of the empire without having to pay a toll […] they are to be freed from billeting and [other] services of the royal army/warefare […] If stolen items are to be found in their possession, they must disclose the amount which they have paid for it under oath […] the original owner of the item can get back his property from the Jew by paying this amount […] The forced baptism of Jewish children is strictly prohibited and will be punished severely; if however, a Jew wishes to be baptized voluntarily, he must wait (delay this) for three days […] when converting to the Christian faith, he loses the right to his inheritance […] If someone takes away a Jew’s pagan servants under the pretext of wanting to [baptize] them, he should be punished and the servants returned to the Jew. […] Jews are permitted to keep/have Christian maids and wet-nurses and they may hire Christian employees […] however, they are prohibited from purchasing servants. […]
5. Source	Appelt, von Heinrich: Die Urkunden Friedrichs I., Teil 1: 1152-1158 (The Official Documents of Fredrick I., Part 1: 1152-1158); (Hannover; 1975);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1165
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews,” 1165
3. Geography of Act	Yemen
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Jews forced to convert in Yemen. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1169
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal V, vi. c. IV
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"On Good Friday, Jews may not keep their doors or windows open"
5. Source	Corpus Juris Canonici, decretal V, vi, c. iv
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1171
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are expelled from Bologna.” Graetz, Heinrich: History of the Jews, Volume 3; (Philadelphia; 1894); Cosman, Madeline and Linda Jones: handbook to Life in the Medieval World; (New York; 2008)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1172
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Persecution of Jews” by Sultan Saladin
3. Geography of Act	Ayyubid Dynasty
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Persecution of the Jews of Yemen.” [Shortly after Queen Arwa's death, the country was split between five competing petty dynasties along religious lines.] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903) wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1174
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews Excluded from Public Offices” issued by Sultan Nur ad-Din Mahmud
3. Geography of Act	Seljuk Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Sultan Nureddin Mahmud removes all Jews of Syria and Egypt from public offices. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None