Acts – Page 132 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 14, 1866
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Minister of the Interior Mr Ghica to the prefect of Rimnicu Sarat
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	This Minister decides to maintain the leases entered into by Jews for the leasing of properties until their expiration, but orders to prevent in the future, from an absolute manner, by virtue of the circulars made on this issue by his predecessor and reiterated by circular no. 2,269, the establishment of Jews in (rural) communes, until a general measure was taken against the agglomeration of Jews.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 218, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 30, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law No. 44195 on the permission of Jewish doctors to enter the medical service in all places of the Empire, except the capitals.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The State Council has decided that Jewish doctors, regardless of whether they do not possess the highest academic qualification required by the second paragraph of Article 59, Volume 2, of the Service Charter, may be employed in the medical service under the department of the Ministry of the Interior, in all parts of the Empire except for the capitals of St. Petersburg and Moscow and their respective provinces.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Second Collection, Volume 42, Part 1, 1867, p. 74, available from nlr.ru.
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Sherli Frank Translator Andrey Bogancha
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular from Mr. J. Bratiano, Minister of the Interior, to the Prefects
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Remind[ing] the prefects of the provisions of article 50, annex P, Regulations, and those of page 60 of the Judicial Collection, as well as the circular of February 5, 1866, to prevent Jews from becoming hotel and cabaret entrepreneurs and from leasing properties. The Minister recommends the strict execution of these provisions.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 218-219, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 7, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular from Mr. J. Bratiano, Minister of the Interior, to the Prefects
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Remind[ing] the prefects of the provisions of article 50, annex P, Regulations, and those of page 60 of the Judicial Collection, as well as the circular of February 5, 1866, to prevent Jews from becoming hotel and cabaret entrepreneurs and from leasing properties. The Minister recommends the strict execution of these provisions.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 218-219, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 3, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judgment of the municipality of Jassy, concerning Christian servants
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	In the future it would no longer be permitted for wet nurses or any other Christian servants to enter Jewish homes, at the same time Jews are prohibited from entering Christian homes.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 243-244, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 13, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law of the city of Berlad banning Jewish people from performing ritual slaughter of animals.
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	[Jews are forbidden] from killing their animals according to Jewish rites.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 127-128, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of the Act is available in French in the source above. Translator It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 17, 1867
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law of the city of Bacau restricting the sale of fruit by Jewish people.
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	[Jews are] forbidden to sell fruit in the street.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 128, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of the Act is available in French in the source above. Translator It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1868
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restrictions on Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are excluded from the medical profession. Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York); Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jews banned from the Medical Profession"
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews excluded from the medical profession in Roumenia [Rumania]. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916); Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 15, 1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 761 by Mr. Cogalniceano, Minister of the Interior, to the prefects.
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	The Minister enjoins them to no longer allow Jews to be tavern owners or tax contractors in rural communities.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 219, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 23, 1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 3,085 to the prefects.
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Reminder of circular no. 761,” [in which] “The Minister enjoins them to no longer allow Jews to be tavern owners or tax contractors in rural communities
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 219, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher This circular was a repeat of one issued at the end of February 1869 and was issued again on April 7, 1869. The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Ukase, promulgated by the Senate of the Russian Ministry of the Interior
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from obtaining landed property of any kind in any part of the Baltic Governments.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Persecution of the Jews in Russia: with appendix containing a summary of special & restrictive laws.” Wertheimer, Lea & Co.: London, 1890. Page 57.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A ukase, or ukaz, in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law. "Edict" and "decree" are adequate translations using the terminology and concepts of Roman law.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 4, 1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Act of September 4, 1869
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Jews do not have the right of permanent residence in the villages; they can neither be tavern keepers nor excise collectors.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 219, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The content of the Act was repeated in Circular No. 83 of January 3/15, 1870. The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1870
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Military Service for Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are obliged to serve in the army. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 16, 1871
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Tolerance Patent” handwritten document of Kaiser Joseph to the Duke Blümegen
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	1) the farming of land is permitted to Jews, but only, if the farm remains leased […] the terms cannot exceed 20 years […] and only if Jews are used as farm hands on these leased properties […] (and only) if [Jews] become Christians, can they become owners of the [leased] land.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 440 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The actual handwritten document was written on May 13, 1781. It was made public by the Court Chancellery on May 16, 1781. Most of the document offers Jews privileges they did not have before, except this section referring to owning of land.

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1872
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Article 65 of the Servant’s Law, reprinted in the Booklet of Jassy’s Servants
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	ART. 65. - It is completely forbidden for Christian male and female servants to work for Jews, and vice versa. For every violation of this order, the servants will be fined 3 francs or imprisoned for one day, which can be increased according to circumstances.
5. Source	Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums [General Newspaper of Judaism], 36, June 18, 1872, published by Rabbi Ludwig Philippson, Bonn, p. 491, available from sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher According to the article in the General Newspaper of Judaism cited above, the prohibition was posted on the walls of Jassy on May 8, 1872 by the mayor, giving both masters and servants three days to comply. Jassy is the historical name of the modern city of Iași in eastern Romania. The text of this Act was translated from German using Google translate. Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	1873
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	A law forbidding Jews to sell spirituous liquors in rural districts
3. Geography of Act	Russian Occupied Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) A law is issued forbidding Jews to sell spirituous liquors in rural districts. A law is passed prohibiting Jews from selling alcoholic beverage in the villages. Jews with citizenship will be required to apply for a special authorization. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916); Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 15, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Article 24 of the Communal Law of Romania
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	The native Israelites, until they have proven that they have the feelings and morals of the Romanians and until the modification of this law, will only be able to obtain naturalization or exercise communal rights under the following conditions: 1. If, serving in the Romanian army, they obtained the rank of non-commissioned officer; 2. If they have completed the courses of a college or faculty in Romania; 3. If after regular studies, they have obtained from a foreign faculty the diploma of doctor or licentiate in any specialty whatsoever, provided that this diploma is recognized by the government of the country; 4. If they have founded in Romania a factory or a factory useful to the country and employing at least fifty workers.
5. Source	Isidore Loeb, "La Situation des Israélites en Turquie, en Serbie et en Roumanie [The Situation of the Israelites in Türkiye, Serbia and Romania]," Joseph Baer et Cie., Paris, 1877, p. 107-108, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act was translated from French using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§612 of the Code of Statutes on Excise Duties - On the Sale of Drinks
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews are permitted to sell alcoholic beverages only in designated areas for their permanent residence, and furthermore, only in their own premises; Jewish liquor retailers may only be present in establishments owned by members of their faith.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 5, Saint Petersburg, 1901, p. 312, available from consultant.ru.
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Sherli Frank Translator Andrey Bogancha
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on the Rights of Jews to the Liquor Trade
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews are allowed to engage in the liquor trade only in areas designated for their permanent settlement, and then only in their own homes; Jewish inmates may only be in the establishments of their fellow believers.
5. Source	M. I. Mish, “Руководство к русским законам о евреях [A Guide to Russian Laws on Jews],” A. Benke Printing House, 1914, p. 390, available at books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Stacy Young (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of the Act is available in Russian in the source above. Further information can be found in Judith Kalik, “The Legal Position of Rural Jews in the Russian Empire,” in Katarzyna Michalak, Irena Vladimirsky, Yehudah Gershon, and Adam Tod Leverton, (eds.), “Movable Inn: The Rural Jewish Population of Minsk Guberniya in 1793-1914,” De Gruyter, 2018, p. 43, available from jstor.org. Translator It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 20, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Order, issued by the government of Russia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Jews cannot be elected by their town as members of [military] recruiting committees.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Persecution of the Jews in Russia: with appendix containing a summary of special & restrictive laws.” Wertheimer, Lea & Co.: London, 1890. Page 43.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 27, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 971 of the Minister of the Interior.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In the Kingdom of Poland … Jews cannot be elected members of the recruiting committees.
5. Source	Report of Commissioners of Immigration, “An Abridged Summary of the Laws, Special and Restrictive, Relating to the Jews in Russia, Brought Down to the Year 1890,” in the “Report on Causes Which Incite Immigration to US,” Volume 1, US Congressional Serial Set 1891, p.151, available from HeinOnline.
6. Researcher	Jennifer Allison
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 15, 1874
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 9846, issued by the Minister of Public Education of Russia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Jewish children are admitted only in the public and private educational establishments of places where their parents have a right of residence.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Persecution of the Jews in Russia: with appendix containing a summary of special & restrictive laws.” Wertheimer, Lea & Co.: London, 1890. Page 46.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1875
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 4395, issued by the Russian Minister of the Interior
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Jewish photographers are not permitted to open photographic establishments outside the Pale of Permanent Settlement, nor to enjoy as artisans the right of residing there.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Persecution of the Jews in Russia: with appendix containing a summary of special & restrictive laws.” Wertheimer, Lea & Co.: London, 1890. Page 63.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1875
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Assent No. 54-434A to the Budget Committee.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The issue of subsidies formerly granted to Jewish boys and girls receiving their education in the public educational establishments superintended by the ministry of public education from the sums set aside for the education of the Jews and amounting to 24,000 rubles annually is abolished.
5. Source	Report of Commissioners of Immigration, “An Abridged Summary of the Laws, Special and Restrictive, Relating to the Jews in Russia, Brought Down to the Year 1890,” in the “Report on Causes Which Incite Immigration to US,” Volume 1, US Congressional Serial Set 1891, p.152, available from HeinOnline.
6. Researcher	Jennifer Allison
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None