Acts – Page 132 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1876
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Laws Limiting or Restricting Jewish Settlements" Issued by Prime Minister Bratianu
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "During his first years in office, Bratianu reinforced and applied old discrimination laws, insisting that Jews were not allowed to settle in the countryside (and relocating those that had done so), while declaring many Jewish urban inhabitants to be vagrants and expelling them from the country." "History of the Jews in Romania," wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1876
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by the Romanian Government
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “A March 1876 law on recruitment therefore stipulated that all male residents were obligated to serve --in other words, that only citizens of other nations might avoid service. Jews had thus become subject to the draft even though they were not citizens but were merely ‘stateless foreigners’ or ‘inhabitants of the country.’ This 1876 law continued to be enforced even after the Congress of Berlin and the recognition of Romania by the European powers.” “1. The Legal Status of the Jews in Romania.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1877
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§550 of the Law on the Procedure for Initiating Cases in District Courts.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In nine western provinces, namely Bessarabia, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Taurida, Kherson and Chernihiv, when selecting from the next list of 30 assessors and three alternates, it has been observed that the number of Jewish candidates corresponds to the percentage of their total in each county compared to the total population. If, during the drawing of lots, the number of extended Jewish names exceeded the ratio determined for Jews in a particular county, then only the initial Jewish names drawn prior to replenishing the specified ratio would be included on the list. The remaining number of judges would then be selected in order indicated by the drawing procedure, using individuals of Christian and other confessions
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 16, 1892, p. 432, available from consultant.ru.
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Sherli Frank Translator Andrey Bogancha
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1877
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§550 of the Law on the Procedure for Initiating Cases in District Courts.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In nine western provinces, namely Bessarabia, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Taurida, Kherson and Chernihiv, when selecting from the next list of 30 assessors and three alternates, it has been observed that the number of Jewish candidates corresponds to the percentage of their total in each county compared to the total population. If, during the drawing of lots, the number of extended Jewish names exceeded the ratio determined for Jews in a particular county, then only the initial Jewish names drawn prior to replenishing the specified ratio would be included on the list. The remaining number of judges would then be selected in order indicated by the drawing procedure, using individuals of Christian and other confessions
5. Source	“Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 16, 1892, p. 432, available from consultant.ru.
6. Researcher	Andrey Bogancha, Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. It was translated into English by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1877
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§670 of the Law of Criminal Procedure
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In the nine Western governments, as also in the governments of Bessarabia, Ekaterinoslav, Poltava, Taurida, Cherson, and Tshernigov, the foreman of a jury may not be a Jew.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 66, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Andrey Bogancha, Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the “Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire,” Volume 16, 1892, p. 441, available from consultant.ru. It was found and verified by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	May 9, 1878
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§174 - On Medical Examination and Recruitment
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Should there be in any district a deficiency in the number of Jews eligible as recruits, either of those not exempt, or of those who on account of family conditions have a right to exemptions of the third or the second class, it is permitted to draft into the army such Jews as enjoy the exemption of the first class.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 44, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Jennifer Allison
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the "Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire," Vol. 4, 1874, p. 41, available from civil.consultant.ru. The English translation is taken from the book quoted in the source above and verified from the Russian by Inga Romm. Additional research by Inga Romm.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1878
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 73, issued by the Russian Minister of the Interior
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Traveling within the Pale of Jewish Settlement is permitted to Jews, provided they have a passport in which it is observed that such passport is only valid in places set aside for their permanent residence; and in the certificates to merchants, it is indispensable that the religious persuasion of their holders be mentioned.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Persecution of the Jews in Russia: with appendix containing a summary of special & restrictive laws.” Wertheimer, Lea & Co.: London, 1890. Page 54.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 12, 1879
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular No. 7795, issued by the Russian Ministry of the Interior
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	As Jews have no right to fill the duties of a mayor, they are altogether excluded from the presidency of municipal meetings.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Laws of Russia Relating to Hebrews.” G.R. Gray: Washington DC, 1891. Page 32.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1880
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition on Jewish Head Cover”
3. Geography of Act	Greece
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “During this decade, Jewish head covers were forbidden for a time.” AJC Global Jewish Advocacy: Anti-Semitism: An Assault on Human Rights; ajc.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1880
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Article 1 of Law No. 60970 on Jewish participation in the real estate market in the Don Host region of Ukraine.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	In the region of the Don Host, pending a general revision of the current laws on Jews, Jews are prohibited from acquiring ownership or maintaining real estate by rent or lease.
5. Source	Jewish World of Ukraine, “О евреях. (Свод законов Российской Империи. Том девятый. Свод законов о состояниях. Книга первая. Раздел пятый. О состоянии инородцев. Глава вторая) 1912 г. [On Jews. (Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. Volume Nine. Code of Laws on States. Book One. Section Five. On the State of Foreigners. Chapter Two) 1912],” ju.org.ua, accessed Oct. 3, 2024.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Apothecaries Closed” order issued by the Goveror-General of St. Petersburg
3. Geography of Act	Imperial Russia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The Governor-General of St. Petersburg orders fourteen Jewish apothecaries to shut down their businesses.” Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 3, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Tsarist Minister of War
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	First, to limit the number of Jewish physicians...in the Military Department to five percent of the general number of medical men. Second, to stop appointing Jews on medical service in the military districts of Western Russia, and to transfer the surplus over and above five percent to the Eastern districts. Third, to appoint Jewish physicians only in those contingents of the army in which the budget calls for at least two physicians, with the proviso that the second physician must be a Christian. It is necessary to stop the constant growth of the number of physicians of the Mosaic persuasion in the Military Department, in view of their deficient conscientiousness in discharging their duties and their unfavorable influence upon the sanitary service in the army.
5. Source	“Antisemitism in Imperial Russia; Anti-Jewish Discrimination in the Russian Army (1882).” No Author, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 15, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Senatorial Decision of March 15 on the participation of Jewish people on the boards of children’s homes.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	No Jew must be elected to a vacancy on the board of an orphan’s asylum.
5. Source	Lucien Wolf (ed.), “The Legal Suffering of the Jews in Russia: A Survey of Their Present Situation, and a Summary of Laws,” T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912, p. 84, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Order, issued by the government of Russia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	In the Civil Service of the Army, the proportion of Jewish surgeons is limited to 5 percent. Promotion is given to them only up to the fifth medical class, but with the consent of the chief commanders of the military districts. To posts above the fifth class, they are not to be appointed at all. In any hospital, there may be only one Jewish surgeon. To the district medical administration offices, as well as to hospitals and offices in fortresses, they are not to be admitted at all. The same rule as to the 5 percent proportion is to be applied to military surgeons’ assistants and [military] surgeons’ apprentices.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Laws of Russia Relating to Hebrews.” G.R. Gray: Washington DC, 1891. Page 31.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Official Notice of the Ottoman Consul-General at Odessa in relation to visas to enter Palestine.
3. Geography of Act	Ottoman Empire
4. Text of Act	The Ottoman Government informs all [Jews] wishing to immigrate into Turkey that they are not permitted to settle in Palestine. They may immigrate into the other provinces of [the Empire] and settle as they wish, provided only that they become Ottoman subjects and accept the obligation to fulfil the laws of the Empire.
5. Source	Neville J. Mandel, “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I,” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, Oct. 1974, p. 313, available from jstor.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 3, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“May Laws” issued by Alexander III
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	Article 1: As a temporary measure and until the revision of the laws regulating their status, Jews are forbidden to settle hereafter outside of cities and towns. Exception is made with regard to Jewish villages already in existence where the Jews are engaged in agriculture. Article 2: Until further order all contracts for the mortgaging or renting of real estate situated outside of cities and towns to a Jew, shall be of no effect. Equally void is any power of attorney granted to a Jew for the administration or disposition of property of the above-indicated nature. Article 3: Jews are forbidden to do business on Sundays and Christian holidays; the laws compelling Christians to close their places of business on those days will be applied to Jewish places of business. Article 4: The above measures are applicable only in the governments situated within the pale of settlement.
5. Source	“Antisemitism in Imperial Russia; The May Laws (1882).” No Author, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by the First International Congress
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	The meeting recognizes the increase of the Jewish national element and the Jewish influence on our entire national and state affairs as a serious and imminent danger to the moral and economic survival of the German people. In order to break this influence and to eliminate the evils and danger inevitably resulting from it, it deems the following measures absolutely imperative: I. The immigration of the Jews, particularly from the East, has to be prevented. ...III. As long as the Jews persist in their isolation and form a nation within the nation, as it were, they ought to be regarded merely as foreigners who are accorded the right to hospitality. Consequently, their civil rights should be restricted in such a way that they can neither participate in legislation nor attain any authoritative offices, namely the office of judge. IV. The Jews are to be exempted from military service, but in lieu of service have to pay a tax in the form of a capitation or military fee. Signed C. Baron von Thungen-Rossbach Baron von Fechenbach-Laudenbach.
5. Source	“Manifesto to the Governments and Peoples of the Christian Nations Threatened by Judaism": The First Anti-Jewish Congress in Dresden (September 11-12, 1882).” Erwin Fink. Pages 9-10, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation No. 84, issued by the Russian Ministry of War
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	In case a Jew passes the examination in the subjects taught at the military schools, the following words – ‘As far as his knowledge is concerned, there is no objection to admitting him to the military schools’ – shall be omitted from his certificate.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Laws of Russia Relating to Hebrews.” G.R. Gray: Washington DC, 1891. Page 35.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 15, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular from the Prefect of Dorohoi ordering expulsion of Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	The Jews must be expelled from the countryside in accordance with the order I received from the Minister of the Interior under [Order] No. 14,633.
5. Source	Edmond Sincerus, "Les Juifs en Roumanie [The Jews of Romania]," MacMillan and Co., London, 1901, p. 182, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The source above notes that this Circular was issued in September 1882 but was not published until October 15, 1882. Translator The text of the Act is available in French in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 22, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Determination of the Governing Senate On the Resolution of Issues Concerning the Application of the Highly Approved Rules on the Procedure for the Production of Drinking Trade by Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Outside the boundary of towns and townlets, Jews may carry on business in spirits, but only in houses which are their own property, built on ground belonging to them, and acquired by them before 3rd May, 1882. But Jews may not deal in spirits in houses and on ground belonging to them only for life, or of which they have only a lease.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee, “The Persecution of the Jews in Russia: With Appendix Containing a Summary of Special & Restrictive Laws,” Wertheimer, Lea & Co., London, 1890, p. 62, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Andrey Bogancha, Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the "Assembly of Legitimation and Orders of the Government Issued under the Government Senate. 1883," No. 45, p. 14, available from elib.uraic.ru. It was found and verified by Andrey Bogancha.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 22, 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Senatorial Decree on Jewish participation in the liquor trade.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	1. The sale of spirituous liquors is forbidden to Jews in the towns and townlets of the Pale except in houses owned by them, and erected on land which belongs to them. Even when a Jew possesses a leasehold for life of the ground on which his house stands. 2. Beyond the precincts of towns and townlets the same regulation holds good, with the additional proviso that where the exception applies, the house in question must have been in possession of the tavern-keeper before May 3rd, 1882. 3. If a Jew inherits a house he may retail liquor there only in the event of his possessing a right of residence in that place.
5. Source	Lucien Wolf (ed.), “The Legal Suffering of the Jews in Russia: A Survey of Their Present Situation, and a Summary of Laws,” T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912, p. 84-85, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1884
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on the participation of Jewish people on juries.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	Jews are forbidden from acting as foremen,… [and] no Jews are permitted to serve on the juries in cases dealing with offences against religion or with infractions of ecclesiastical ordinances.
5. Source	Lucien Wolf (ed.), “The Legal Suffering of the Jews in Russia: A Survey of Their Present Situation, and a Summary of Laws,” T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912, p. 86-87, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Sherli Frank
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 1, 1885
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution No. 3372, issued by the Governing Senate of Russia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	Jews belonging to the reserve or being substitutes for those entering active service, according to the regulations of military law, have no right of residence outside the Pale of Jewish Settlement.
5. Source	Russo-Jewish Committee. “Laws of Russia Relating to Hebrews.” G.R. Gray: Washington DC, 1891. Page 36.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 1, 1885
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decision of the Senate on the rights of Jewish persons after completion of military service.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The lower ranks of the Jews discharged into the reserve and militia do not acquire, by virtue of the sole fact of their fulfillment of military service under the charter of 1874, rights, in general, not assigned to the Jewish population in the Empire.
5. Source	M. I. Mysh, “Руководство к русским законам о евреях [A Guide to Russian Laws on Jews],” St Petersburg, 1914, p. 251, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Laure Berthelot (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, this rule was reiterated in another decision of the senate dated January 29, 1886. Translator The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 7, 1885
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on Limiting the Admission of Jews to the Kharkov Technological Institute
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	The Sovereign Emperor, according to the most humble report of the Minister of Public Education, on June 7 of this year, has deigned to order, by His Majesty, to limit the admission of Jews to the Kharkov Technological Institute to ten percent of the total number.
5. Source	Electronic Library of Historical Documents, “1885. Июня 7. — Об ограничении приема числа евреев в Харьковский технологический институт [1885. June 7. — On limiting the admission of Jews to the Kharkov Technological Institute],” docs.historyrussia.org, accessed Oct. 2, 2024
6. Researcher	Jennifer Allison
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. It was translated into English using Google translate.