Acts – Page 14 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1176
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law “Fuero of Teruel” issued by Alfonso II
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	... [568]: Of a Jew, who has no share in his compensation for injury (caloña): But it should be known that the Jew does not have any part of his caloña, whether for injury or death, for it is entirely the Lord King's. For the Jews are siervos [serfs or slaves] of the Lord King and always assigned to the royal treasury....
5. Source	“Medieval Sourcebook: Jews and Christians in Terue: The Fuero of Teruel, 1176 CE.” Paul Halsall. September 1999, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1177
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Burial Grounds for Jews Around 1177
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews of England had had to use the burial ground in London, but in 1177 were permitted to purchase burial grounds outside any city where they lived." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 11
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1178
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rhine-Franken Peace Treaty" Issued by the Friedrich I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Kaiser Friedrich I could […] considers the local Jews to "belong to his chamber" and to be under his direct protection in the "Rhine-Franken Peace treaty." Demel, Michael: Gebrochene Normalität, S. 51
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 2, 1178
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Frederick I
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Frederick I (‘Friedrich’) places the Jews of Avignon under the jurisdiction of Bishop Paulus.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	1179
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Leges Edwardi (Laws of Edward) - Decree XXV concerning the Jews" issued by Edward the Confessor
3. Geography of Act	Angevin England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"It should be know that all Jews, wheresoever in the realm they be, ought to be under the guard and protection of the king's liege. Nor ought any of them place himself under any rich man without the king's licence [license]; because the Jews themselves and all theirs belong to the king. And if any detain them or their money, let the king, if he will and can, ask it back as if it were his own." "
5. Source	Jacobs, Joseph: The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Record from Latin and Hebrew Sources; (London; 1893)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Exact date is unknown.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1179
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 26 issued by the Third Lateran Council
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	[Canon] 26. Jews and Saracens are not to be allowed to have Christian servants in their houses, either under pretence of nourishing their children or for service or any other reason. Let those be excommunicated who presume to live with them. We declare that the evidence of Christians is to be accepted against Jews in every case, since Jews employ their own witnesses against Christians, and that those who prefer Jews to Christians in this matter are to lie under anathema, since Jews ought to be subject to Christians and to be supported by them on grounds of humanity alone. If any by the inspiration of God are converted to the Christian faith, they are in no way to be excluded from their possessions, since the condition of converts ought to be better than before their conversion. If this is not done, we enjoin on the princes and rulers of these places, under penalty of excommunication, the duty to restore fully to these converts the share of their inheritance and goods.
5. Source	“Third Lateran Council-1179 A.D.” Norman P. Tanner, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1180
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Imprisonment of Jews for Ransom” order issued by Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) After four months in power, Philip Augustus imprisons all the Jews in his lands and demands a ransom for their release. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1181
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	The Assize of Arms (1181)
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Clause 7 Item, let no Jew keep in his possession a hauberk or an ‘aubergel’, but let him sell them or give them away or otherwise dispose of them that they may remain in the king’s service."
5. Source	David C. Douglas and George W. Greenaway, eds., English Historical Documents (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1953), II, 416-17 Accessed 5/2015
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1182
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of expulsion issued by King Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	...all Jews should be expelled by the next feast of St. John the Baptist.
5. Source	Jacobs, English History by Contemporary Writers: The Jews of Angevin England (1893): 75-6
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1189
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by King Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “His [King Philip Augustus of France] contribution to the Third Crusade (1189), preached at this time was a cancellation of debts owed to Jews.” Flannery, Edward H.: “The Anguish of the Jews.” p. 101
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1190
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews expelled from Edmondsbury Around 1190
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews expelled from Edmondsbury Around 1190 Joseph Jacobs: The Jews of Angevin England, p. 141
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1190
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Charter of Emperor Henry IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy; Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 9) However, it is not permissible for them (Jews) to buy a Christian slave.
5. Source	The Jews in Christian Europe: A Source Book, 315–1791,
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1190
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	A Charter by which many liberties are granted and confirmed to the Jews. Granted by Richard I, King of England
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	III.—And if any of the aforesaid Jews shall die let not his body be kept above ground, but let his heir have his money and his debts so that he be not disturbed if he has an heir who can answer for him and do right about his debts and his forfeits, and let the aforesaid Jews receive and buy at any time whatever is brought them except things of the church and bloodstained garments.
5. Source	The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Records from Latin and Hebrew Sources, Printed and Manuscripts. Jacobs, Joseph. London: D. Nutt, 1893 (p. 135). Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1194
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Northampton Donum
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Representatives of the Jews of England were summoned to meet... to agree what each community should pay towards the amount assessed as the Jews' share of the ransom demanded for the release of King Richard I." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 16
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1194
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance of the Jews” issued by Richard I
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	All the debts, pledges, mortgages, lands, houses, rents and possessions of the Jews shall be registered. The Jew who shall conceal any of these shall forfeit to the King his body and the thing concealed, and likewise all his possessions and chattels, neither shall it be lawful to the.Tew (sic) to recover th-e.thing (sic) concealed. Likewise six or seven places (1) [Editor includes ‘(1) Probably London, Lincoln, Norwich, Winchester, Canterbury, Oxford, Cambridge, Nottingham, Hereford, or Bristol.] shall be provided in which they shall make all their contracts, and there shall be appointed two lawyers that are Christians and two lawyers that are Jews, and two legal registrars, and before them and the clerks of William of the Church of St. Mary's and William of Chimilli, shall their contracts be made. And charters shall be made of their contracts by way of indenture. And one part of the indenture shall remain with the Jew, sealed with the seal of him, to whom the money is lent, and the other part shall remain in the common chest…And from henceforth no contract shall be made with, nor payment, made to, the Jews, nor any alteration made in the charters, except before the said persons or the greater part of them, if all of them cannot be present…Moreover every Jew shall swear on his Roll, that all his debts and pledges and rents, and all his goods and his possessions, he shall cause to be enrolled, and that he shall conceal nothing as is aforesaid…
5. Source	“Medieval Sourcebook: English Jewry is Organized: The Ordinance of the Jews, 1194.” Paul Halsall. January 1999, Accessed online 8/4/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1195
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” of Holy Roman Emperor Henry (Heinrich) VI
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Henry gifts Abby Innocence of Santa Maria of Nardo and his heirs/successors the Jewry of the City of Nardo with all of the accompanying rights, services, and liens/taxes and confirms all previously given privileges and gifts of Christians princes and lords, especially those given by Duke Robert (Guiscard), Earl Gottfried and Alexander (von Conversano), the princes Boemund von Antiochia as well as King Roger (II.) and Wilhelm (II.).
5. Source	Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Heinrich VI. 94/220; BB 416. (Monuments of Germanic History. Henry VI. 94/220; BB 416);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text; both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Laws of the Church about the Jews, issued by the Catholic Church, ca. 1198 AD
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“C. I.—If a slave, bought by a Jew, becomes or desires to become a Christian, for trading purposes, he is redeemed for 12 pence. C. II.—A Jew cannot have a Christian for a slave but he can for a churl. C. III.—Jews may keep their old synagogues, may not erect new ones. C. IV.—On Good Friday Jews may not keep their doors or windows open. C. V.— Christians ought to be excommunicated who serve Jews in their houses. And secular princes ought to be excommunicated who spoil baptized Jews of their goods. C. VII.—Jews may restore their synagogues to their former state, but may not build them up afresh. C. VIII.—Christians ought not to be in the family service of Jews. C. IX.—Jews are not to be baptized against their will nor forced to it, nor to be condemned without judgment, nor to be spoiled of their goods nor disturbed at their festivals, nor are their cemeteries to be molested or their bodies to be exhumed. C.XIII.—Jews ought not to have Christian nurses or servants, those doing contrary are to be interdicted from commerce with Christians. C. XIV.—A Jew who strikes a priest is punished by the temporal power, and, if he cannot be, he is interdicted from commerce with Christian men till he has given satisfaction for the injury.”
5. Source	Catholic Church. Corpus iuris canonici. (cc. 771-8). Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1959.Electronic reproduction. Vol 1-2. New York, N.Y. : Columbia University Libraries, 2007. Columbia University Libraries Electronic Books. 2006. Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews” ordered by Caliph al-Malik
3. Geography of Act	Yemen
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Saladdin’s nephew al-Malik, Caliph of Yemen, summons all the Jews and forcibly converts them. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 15, 1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Papal bull by Innocent III" (Post miserabile) 1198
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	We warn the Jews to return the loans at this time, and gatherings are entirely denied until they return those loans of all faithful Christians under the pretense of excommunication.
5. Source	Magnum bullarium romanum, v.1, paragraph 11.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Decree” issued by Innocent III to all Christians Princes
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We command that Jews be compelled to remit usury to Christians by you, sons of princes and secular powers. And [un]til they remit it (them) we command that all communication in any way be denied [to] them [Jews] by all faithful Christians, both in commerce and in other things on sentence of excommunication.
5. Source	Jacobs, Joseph: The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Records from Latin and Hebrew Sources; (Boston; 1897)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 15, 1199
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Constitution Pro Judaeis” (“Constitution for Jews”) issued by Pope Innocent III
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Although the Jewish perfidy is in every way worthy of condemnation, […] Thou shalt not destroy the Jews completely so that the Christians should never by any chance be able to forget Thy Law, which, though they [Jews] themselves fail to understand it, they display in their book to those who understand. […] Yet, Jews must live in perpetual servitude because they crucified the Lord although their prophets had predicted that He would come in the flesh to redeem Israel.
5. Source	Teter, Magda: Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland: A Beleaguered Church in the Post-Reformation Era (Cambridge; 2006)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 31, 1199
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull, issued by Pope Innocent III to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The Jews who are charging interest to these [crusaders], shall be compelled by the secular powers to waive that interest, and until they have rescinded it, they shall be cut off from all intercourse with the Christian faithful, under threat of excommunication [of the Christians].
5. Source	Aronius, J. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zum Jahre 1273 [Regests of the History of the Jews in the Frankish and German Empires until the Year 1273]. Simion: Berlin, 1902. Page 155.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1201
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull issued by Pope Innocent III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Papal Bull on Forced Baptisms (1201)…Assuredly, it is contrary to the Christian faith that one who is unwilling and totally opposed to [being baptized] be constrained to adopt and observe Christianity. For this reason, some make a distinction, which is valid, between those who are unwilling and those who are constrained. It is thus that he who is led to Christianity by violence, by fear, and by torture, and who receives the sacrament of baptism to avoid harm (even as he who comes falsely to baptism), receives indeed the stamp of Christianity and can be obliged to observe the Christian faith, even as he who expresses a conditional will, although in absolute terms he is unwilling. It is in this fashion that the decree of the Council of Toledo must be understood, which stated that those who previously had been forced to become Christians, as was done in the time of the most pious Prince Sisebut, and their association with the divine sacraments having been established, by the grace of the baptism received, they themselves having been anointed by the holy oil and having participated in the body of the Lord, must be duly constrained to abide by the faith they had accepted by force. However, he who has never consented, but has altogether opposed it, has received neither the stamp nor the purpose, for it is better to object expressly than to manifest the slightest consent…
5. Source	“POPE INNOCENT III, On the Jews and Forced Baptisms (1199, 1201, 1209).” Alexis P. Rubin, Accessed online 10/3/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1201
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Charter of Liberties to the Jews, issued by King John of England
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	John by the grace of God, etc. ... And it shall be lawful for Jews without hindrance to receive and buy all things which shall be brought to them, except those which are of the Church and except cloth stained with blood. And if a Jew be appealed by any man without witness, he shall be quit of that appeal by his bare oath upon his Book. And in like manner he shall be quit of an appeal touching those things which pertain to our crown, by his bare oath upon his Roll. And if there shall be dispute between Christian and Jew touching the loan of any money, the Jew shall prove his principal and the Christian the interest. And it shall be lawful for the Jew peaceably to sell his pawn after it shall be certain that he has held it for a whole year and a day. And Jews shall not enter into a plea save before us or before those who guard our castles, in whose bailiwicks Jews dwell. ... Witnesses ; Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex ; William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke ; Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford ; Robert de Turnham ; William Briwere ; etc. Dated by the hand of Simon, Archdeacon of Wells, at Marlborough, on the 10th day of April in the second year of our reign.
5. Source	English Economic History: Select Documents. Edited by Alfred Edward Bland, Richard Henry Tawney. Macmillan: New York, 1919. p. 44, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1204
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of King John
3. Geography of Act	Present-day England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Thou [Jews] shalt not lend at interest to thy [Jewish] brothers."
5. Source	Revue des Etudes Juives, t. iv., 7-8
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None