Acts – Page 149 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Forced Labor Laws" issued by the Romania Government
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Romania passes a law condemning adult Jews to forced labor. "The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 - 1945);" jewishvirtuallibrary.org
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6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews excluded from all but one post office, the permitted post office is at Prague II, Insel-gasse 9, access limited to between 13:00and 15:00. Similar rules apply in other towns." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
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6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Handing over of Skiing gear, Gramophones and of Gramophone Records. Jews had to deliver up to the Jewish community offices their skiing gear as well as their gramophones and gramophone records." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Laws issued by the Slovakian Official Gazette
3. Geography of Act	Germany / Occupied
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “ZURICH, Dec. 5 [1941]...Further laws regulating the Jewish status in the Nazi-puppet state of Slovakia are published in the Slovakian Official Gazette, Hospodarsky Dennik, reaching here today. The laws provide: 1. No Jew is permitted to use telephone service. 2. Jews are prohibited to ride on bicycles. 3. Real estate confiscated from Jews is to remain state property, and is not to be sold. 4. Movable Jewish property when confiscated, can be sold but to ‘Aryans’ only. 5. ‘Aryans’ can secure possession of Jewish houses, only if they prove that they need them for ‘Aryanized’ trade. Slovakian newspapers reaching here today also report that the Supreme Court in Bratislava refused permission to a Slovak there to extend his business activities, on the basis that the applicant was married to a Jewish woman.” “Slovakia Promulgates More Anti-jewish Laws: Jews Forbidden to Use Telephone.” December 7, 1941
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7. Year of Research	None
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1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are excluded from special sugar allocation." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Anti-Jewish Laws"
3. Geography of Act	Germany / Occupied France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews in France are prohibited from the wholesale and retail trade; nor can they own banks, hotels, or restaurants." 2) "The Central Office of Emigration in Berlin notifies all German consulates that Hermann Göring has banned emigration of Jews from France and all other occupied territories." "The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 - 1945);" jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Prime Minister Ion Antonescu
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In numerous instances Antonescu personally instigated specific anti-Semitic steps adopted by the Romanian fascist state: on June 19, 1941, Antonescu ordered the closure of all ‘Jewish communist cafés’ and the completion of lists—region by region—of all ‘Jidani, communist agents, and [communist] sympathizers’; the Ministry of the Interior was to ‘prevent them from circulating’ and to prepare ‘to deal with them’ when Antonescu gave the order…” “The Role of Ion Antonescu in the Planniing and Implementation of Antisemitic and Anti-Roma Policies of the Romanian State.” Online paper at yadvashem.org; p. 1
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6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are excluded from the practice of fishing and from all related activities whether as owners of fishing rights or assistants." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Delivery up of musical instruments, cameras incl. attachments and technical measuring equipment. All cameras, portable musical instruments and technical measuring equipment in possession of Jews had to be delivered up to the Jewish community offices. Non-portable instruments were collected." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are excluded from any special allocation of pulses." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Except for Jewish lawyers, doctors and midwives, hospitals and Jewish community offices, Jews are excluded from being telephone subscribers." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The limited shopping period for Jews also applies to Aryans who shop for Jews. This limitation does not apply to chemists. Later the shopping period for Jews in Prague was fixed at between 15:00 and 17:00 hrs. which also applied to chemists." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are excluded from any allocation of tobacco." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Slovakia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Bratislava Jews expelled to rural Slovakia." "The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 - 1945);" jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Pets, such as dogs, cats, birds, in the possession of Jews and their Aryan dependents, are to be handed in." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The shopping period for coal by Jews was limited to between 15:00 and 17:00 hrs." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are not entitled to receive marmalade and jam." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Dress Code"
3. Geography of Act	Germany / Occupied
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jewish Poles in German-occupied Soviet-annexed Poland, Jewish Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians as well as Soviet Jews in German-occupied areas were obliged to wear white armbands or yellow badges." "Yellow badge;" wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Colonel Vasile Nica
3. Geography of Act	Transnistria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “On September 3, 1941, Colonel Vasile Nica, the prefect of Balta county, ordered all the Jews?or ‘kikes’ (jidani) as he termed them in the ordinance in the town to move into the ghetto (in an area restricted to four streets) within three days. He appointed the Jewish elder Pribluda Shloimu Abramovici as head of the ghetto, allowing him to select colleagues to assist in administration. An independent bakery, pharmacy, and hospital staffed solely by Jews were to be established; flour for the bakery was to be provided by the town of Balta as an advance against payment for its products. A market was to be set up where the inhabitants could buy and sell produce between 9:00 a.m. and noon. The head of the ghetto was also authorized to organize a Jewish police force to protect the lives and belongings of the residents.” "Ghettos 1939-1945 New Research and Perspectives on Definition, Daily Life, and Survival." ushmm.org 2) “On September 3, 1941 Colonel Vasile Nica, within three days, ordered all district Jews into a ghetto across four street blocks. He appointed one Jew as a 'primar' who was authorized set up a Jewish police force, prohibiting any one to leave the ghetto and sentenced everyone 14-60 years old, men and women, to hard labor. In addition, every Jew had to wear a yellow star and a registration number. Balta had local Jews as well as Jews deported from Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Dorohoi.” "Balta Ghetto Listings: Introduction By Oleg Sirbu and Nolan Altman." JewishGen.org, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Law Restricting the use of Yiddish in Public Administration"
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Under the pretext that the Jews were dangerous, disloyal, Communist collaborators, and spies, thousands who lived along the border were moved from their homes into the interior of the country." "Shattered! 50 Years of Silence: History and Voices of the Tragedy in Romania and Transnistria: Anti-Jewish Decrees;" nizkor.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews are excluded from the purchase of wines and spirits." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Following an announcement by the Ministry of Finance Jews were encouraged to deposit their stamp or other collections in their name with a foreign exchange bank, at the latest by 15.03.41. A stamp collection is not only a collection for the purpose of philately but also a stock of stamps. The announcement does not apply to Jews of foreign nationality or to those non-Jews married to a Jewish spouse in a mixed marriage." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Reich Commissioner in Occupied Netherlands
3. Geography of Act	Germany / Occupied
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In the Netherlands, the Reich Commissioner issued on August 9, 1941, a decree concerning the treatment of Jewish capital. According to this decree, Jews are prevented from disposing of their capital in the form of securities and bank accounts amounting to more than a thousand florins. Some exception was made in cases where capital did not exceed ten thousand florins and the yearly income did not exceed three thousand florins.” Lemkin, Raphael: “Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress.” pp. 71-72
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1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Prague
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews permitted to visit barbers and haircutting salons only between 8:00 and 10:00." "Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council," Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1941
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree No. 23 issued by Gheorghe Alexianu
3. Geography of Act	Transnistria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “On 11 November [1941] Gheorghe Alexianu, the Romanian Governor of Transnistria, made public Decree No. 23 concerning the organization of Jewish life; this decree became the 'constitution' of the ghettos and camps. According to the decree, Jews were confined to those villages and towns where local Jews or Russians had lived before. The local gendarmerie was authorized to select the places of residence. The decree further limited their movement and stipulated that they had to earn their living by forced labor for the benefit of the authorities (in the Agreement of Tighina, clause 7 referred to Jewish forced labor for the German Army). A fixed wage of one mark per day for simple workers and two marks for professionals and specialists was to be paid by allotment of food, which was to be supplied by the authorities. The decree also dealt with the internal structure of the community (called 'colonie' in the text). Every community had to choose a 'head' from among the deportees to serve as its spokesman, pending the approval of the pretor of the region (usually a Romanian officer). The 'head' was personally responsible for fulfilling all the demands for labor set by the Romanian authorities and for detailing workers for different tasks, some of them very difficult. The workers were divided into groups of twenty, headed by a chief who also had to be approved by the pretor. Decree No. 23 was little more than deception. It gave the impression that there was a clear Romanian Jewish policy for Transnistria, and it referred to what might be considered as the 'normal life' of deported people in war conditions. But, although the decree covered elements of regular daily life-dwelling, food supplies, work and self organization- in reality the physical and material condition of the deportees was completely disregarded." "The Holocaust in the Soviet Union: Studies and Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in the Nazi-Occupied Territories of the Ussr, 1941-1945." Lucjan Dobroszycki. Page 141. Online book, Accessed on 10/10/2012 2) “The official determination of living conditions for all Jews in Transnistria—deported and local—was set out in decree no. 23 issued by Gheorghe Alexianu, Governor of Transnistria, on 11 November 1941. Here, the term colony (colonie) was introduced to describe those communities of Jews living in towns and villages. Later, in the language of official reports, as we shall see in respect of Golta county, ‘ghetto’ and ‘colony’ were sometimes interchangeable—the ghetto comprising no more than three or four houses—while the distinction between ‘colony’ and ‘labour camp’ (lag-r de munc?) was occasionally blurred, the term ‘labour colony’ (colonie de munc?) being employed.” "Hitler’s Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and his Regime, Romania, 1940-1944, Chapter 8, Transnistria: The Fate of the Jews and Romas." Dennis Deletant, Palgrave-Macmillan. 2006, Pages 198-99. Online, Accessed on 12/31/2013
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