Acts – Page 15 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 15, 1204
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Etsi Non Displiceat” issued by Pope Innocent III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Moreover, although it has been declared by the Lateran Council that Jews should not be allowed to have Christian slaves in their houses, either under pretext of nursing their children, or as servants, or for any other reason whatsoever, but that those who presume to live with them should be excommunicated, yet they do not hesitate to have Christian servants and nurses, upon whom they sometimes practice abominations such as it rather becomes you to punish than us to point out.
5. Source	“Pope Innocent III: The Keeping of Slaves by the Jews, 1204.” Paul Halsall. October 1998, Accessed online.
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1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1204
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of King John, No Amnesty for Jews under John
3. Geography of Act	Present-day England
4. Text of Act	We have freed and acquitted...all the prisoners and incarcerated...except our Jewish prisoners.
5. Source	Rymer. Foedera, i. 90.
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1. Full Date of Act	1205
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull by Pope Innocent III addressed to King of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	"We advise and urge in the name of the Lord...that you strive to destroy Jewish abuses of the kingdom of the Franks...rise up to eliminate these heretics..."
5. Source	S. Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, New York, 1966, 104-8
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher In this papal bull, Innocent III accuses Jews of usury, blasphemy, arrogance, employing Christian slaves and murder. Innocent III urges the king to put an end to these "evils."

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 16, 1205
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Pope Innocent III and addressed to King Philip of France
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	What is even worse, blaspheming against God’s name, they publicly insult Christians by saying that Christians believe in a peasant who had been hung by the Jewish people. Indeed, who do not doubt that He was hung for us, since he carried our sins in His body on the Cross […]. Also, on Good Friday the Jews, contrary to old customs, publicly run to and fro over the towns and streets and everywhere laugh at Christians because they adore the Crucified One on the Cross and, though their improprieties, attempt to dissuade them from their worship. The doors of the Jews are open to thieves half the night and if any stolen goods be found with them, none can obtain justice from them. The Jews likewise abuse the royal patience, and when they remain living among the Christians, they take advantage of every wicked opportunity to kill in secret their Christians hosts. Thus, it has recently been reported that a certain poor scholar has been found murdered in their latrine. Wherefore, lest through them the name of God be blasphemed and Christian liberty become less than Jewish servitude, we warn, and in the name of God exhort Your Serene Majesty - and we join thereto a remission of sins - that you restrain the Jews from their presumptions in these and similar matters and that you try to remove from the French kingdom abuses of this sort for you seem to have the proper zeal of God and knowledge of Him. Moreover, since secular laws should be directed with greater severity against those who profane the name of God, you should so turn against these blasphemers that the punishment of some should be a source of fear to all and that ease of obtaining forgiveness serve as an incentive to evil dowers. You should bestir yourself, moreover, to remove heretics from the French kingdom, nor should your Royal Highness permit wolves in your realm, but rather by persecuting them your Highness should display the same zeal with which he follows the Christian faith.
5. Source	Church, State, and Jews in the Middle Ages. Edited with instructions and notes by Robert Chazan. (New York; 1953)
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 1205
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Pope Innocent III and addressed to King Philip (Philippe Auguste) II of France
3. Geography of Act	Papal States [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“The Pope accuses the Jews living in France of extortion, usury, usurping church property, and the property of Christians (‘non solum usuras, sed usuras usurarum extorquent, ecclesiarum bona et possessiones Christionorum usurpent’). The Pope reaffirms the prohibition of Christian nannies to serving in Jewish homes and the preference of the testimony of Christians outlined by the Third Lateran Council and regrets that they are not observed. The Pope lambasts the fact that Jews erect higher synagogues than nearby churches where the celebration of the Christian liturgy is prevented by the great clamor with which the Jews celebrate his services. Innocent III claims that the Jews publicly insult the Christians with ridiculous words in relation to Jesus Christ and that the houses of the Jews are open until midnight to thieves and their booty. Furthermore, he claims that Jews abuse the patience of the king and kill Christians furtively. And so that in order that the name of the Lord is not soiled and the freedom of Christians is not worse than the slavery of the Jews, Innocent III finally exhorts Philip Augustus to abolish such abuses in the Kingdom of France and to punish blasphemers. Finally, the pope justifies the persecution of wolves who have accepted the appearance of sheep to thus demonstrate the fervor with which one professes the Christian faith (‘in eorum demonstret persecutione fervorem quo fidem prosequitur Christianam’)."
5. Source	Documenta Catholica Omnia; Innocentii III Romani Pontificius; Regestorum Sive Epistolarum Liber Sextus. (Complete Catholic [Church] Documents; The Roman Pontif Innocent III, Legal Documents/Laws or Letters; Box Six); www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu; Accessed online
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8. Notes	Researcher The above is a summary of the original Latin text, which can be found in the cited source. This writ has given rise to a number of debates. One in particular evolves around the proper translation of the word "persecutio" which Pope Innocent uses in the beginning. Some interpret it to mean persecution while other believe it means "pursuit." Nevertheless, the Pope claims that even though God accepts the presence of Jews in Christian kingdoms, "divine eyes are outraged by all who prefer the sons of the crucifiers to the heirs of Christ."

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 9, 1205
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Clipping money
3. Geography of Act	Present-day England
4. Text of Act	If clipped money be found in the hand of a Jew or Jewess the money shall be taken and perforated and placed in a certain safe box for our needs, and the body of the Jew or Jewess that has such money shall be taken and their goods taken and retained without bail till we order otherwise.
5. Source	Rot. Lit. Pat. ed. Hardy, i. 47b
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1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1206
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of King John, Assize of Money, Winchester
3. Geography of Act	Present-day England
4. Text of Act	If a Jew clips money, and if any...Jewish clipper be found, let all their chattels be taken and their bodies placed in our prison, and they shall be at our will to do justice on them.
5. Source	Rot. Lit. Pat. ed. Hardy, i. 54b
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1. Full Date of Act	1207
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Innocent III
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Required Jews of Spain to pay tithes on possessions obtained from Christians. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 17, 1208
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” (‘Ut esset Cain’) issued by Pope Innocent III and addressed to the Count Hervé de Donzy of Nevers IV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	The Lord made Cain a wanderer and a fugitive over the earth, but set a mark upon him, making his head to shake, lest any finding him should slay him. Thus the Jews, against whom the blood of Jesus Christ calls out, although they ought not be killed, lest the Christians people forget the Divine Law, yet as wanderers ought they to remain upon the earth, until their countenance be filled with shame and they seek the name of Jesus Christ, the Lord. That is why blasphemers of the Christian name ought not to be aided by Christian princes to oppress the servants of the Lord, but ought rather be forced into the servitude of which they made themselves deserving when they raised sacrilegious hands against Him Who had come to confer true liberty upon them, thus calling down His blood upon themselves and up on their children.
5. Source	Rist, Rebecca: Popes and Jews; 1095-1291 (Oxford; 2016)
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8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1209
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Social Restrictions Against Jews,” 1209
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, is humiliated and forced to swear that he would implement social restrictions against Jews. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
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1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 13, 1209
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Customs Roll of St. Simeon’s Collegiate Church for the City of Koblenz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	A Jewess who is carrying a child shall pay a duty for it.
5. Source	Aronius, J. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zum Jahre 1273 [Regests of the History of the Jews in the Frankish and German Empires until the Year 1273]. Simion: Berlin, 1902. Page 167.
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1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 6, 1209
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon Laws, issued by the Council of Avignon
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	§2. Because all do not obey the Gospel, the secular sword is often asked by the Church to supplement the sword of the spirit. Therefore, we decree that each bishop shall (if the need should arise) use ecclesiastical discipline to compel his subjects, the counts, castellans, knights, and others of his parishioners whom he may see fit, to take an oath such as those of Montpellier have taken, especially with regard to the extermination of excommunicated heretics and to the punishing of such as remain hardened in their rebelliousness; also to deprive Jews of the administration of public and private affairs, and not to permit them at any time to have Christians in their homes as servants. §4. About the usury of Jews, the Council decreed as follows: that the Jews should be restrained from the exaction of usury by excommunicating those Christians who enter into commercial relations with them or deal with them in any other way, and that in accordance with the law of the Lord Pope Innocent III, the Jews be compelled to remit what they had gained through usury. We also prohibit them, and order that it be prohibited them by the bishops on pain of similar punishment, to presume to work in public on the Sundays or festivals. Nor shall they eat meat on days of abstinence.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 305.
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1. Full Date of Act	1211
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Frederick II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Frederick (‘Friedrich’) grants/loans all Jews of Palermo with their dye-houses/dying factors and the warehouse along with all [of their] related levies/taxes to the archiepiscopal church.”
5. Source	Schaube, Adolf: Handelsgeschichte der Romanischen Völker des Mittelmeergebiets bis zur Ende der Kreuzzüge. (München/Berlin; 1906); (History of commerce of the Romanic peoples of the area of the Mediterranean until the end of the crusades. (Munich/Berlin; 1906);
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8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	1212
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Fuero Real (Statute Royal) of Alphonso IX. Book IV, Title 2. – On Jews
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Article I – We forbid any Jew reading or keeping concealed books opposed to his religion […]. We further prohibit their reading, or knowingly possessing any books that speak against our religion, or in disparagement of it. But we permit them to read and possess all books on their religion […]. And should a person read or keep any book contrary to this our prohibition, his person and property shall be at the mercy of our king. Article III – If a Jew utters anything reviling against God, the holy Maria or other saints, he shall be fined ten maravedis for each offense, and the king shall order one hundred lashes to be given to him. […]"
5. Source	Elias H. Lindo, The History of the Jews of Spain and Portugal, 1848, page 76, Accessed online
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1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1212
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Frederick II
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Friedrich II gifts the Jewish synagogue in the city [of Messina] to Archbishop Lucas of Constance at his request […].”
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 8, 1215
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Clause 10, 1215 Magna Carta
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	(10) If anyone who has borrowed a sum of money from Jews dies before the debt has been repaid, his heir shall pay no interest on the debt for so long as he remains under age, irrespective of whom he holds his lands. If such a debt falls into the hands of the Crown, it will take nothing except the principal sum specified in the bond. (11) If a man dies owing money to Jews, his wife may have her dower and pay nothing towards the debt from it. If he leaves children that are under age, their needs may also be provided for on a scale appropriate to the size of his holding of lands. The debt is to be paid out of the residue, reserving the service due to his feudal lords. Debts owed to persons other than Jews are to be dealt with similarly.
5. Source	"Full-text translation of the 1215 edition of Magna Carta," British Library, Accessed online.
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 11, 1215
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 67, 69, & 70 issued by the Fourth Lateran Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Canon 67…Wishing, therefore, in this matter to protect the Christians against cruel oppression by the Jews, we ordain in this decree that if in the future under any pretext Jews extort from Christians oppressive and immoderate interest, the partnership of the Christians shall be denied them till they have made suitable satisfaction for their excesses. Lastly, we decree that the Jews be compelled by the same punishment (avoidance of commercial intercourse) to make satisfaction for the tithes and offerings due to the churches, which the Christians were accustomed to supply from their houses and other possessions before these properties, under whatever title, fell into the hands of the Jews, that thus the churches may be safeguarded against loss…Canon 69… Since it is absurd that a blasphemer of Christ exercise authority over Christians, we on account of the boldness of transgressors renew in this general council what the Synod of Toledo (589) wisely enacted in this matter, prohibiting Jews from being given preference in the matter of public offices, since in such capacity they are most troublesome to the Christians. …Canon 70… Some (Jews), we understand, who voluntarily approached the waters of holy baptism, do not entirely cast off the old man that they may more perfectly put on the new one, ...we decree that such persons be in every way restrained the prelates from the observance of the former rite, ...
5. Source	“Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215.” Paul Halsall. March, 1996, Accessed online.
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1. Full Date of Act	1216
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Honorius III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “December 22, 1216. Pope Honorius III gave official approval for the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), founded in 1216 by St. Dominic. Its purpose is to convert Muslims and Jews and to put an end to heresy. The Dominicans eventually become the main administrators of inquisitorial trials.” Austin Cline: “Timeline of Medieval Christianity: 1200 CE- 1300 CE.”
5. Source	None
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1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1218
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal by Honorius III to archbishop of Toledo, 1218
3. Geography of Act	Present-day England
4. Text of Act	We command that the dress of the Jews be distinguished from the Christians...
5. Source	N. Vincent, "Two papal letters on the wearing of the Jewish badge, 1221 and 1229, "Jewish Historical Studies 34, 1996, 209-224, appendix, p. 220-21
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1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 20, 1218
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	2 Henry III, Membrane 10, 1218
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The king to the Sheriff of Worcestershire, greetings. We order that you have announced and observed in all your jurisdiction that all Jews, wherever they walk or ride, in or outside the town, should wear on their chest, on their outer garments two emblems in the form of white tablets made of linen cloth, or parchment, so that in this way Jews may be clearly distinguished from Christians. Attested by the Earl [the regent William Marshal] at Oxford 20 March 1218. The same was sent to the sheriffs of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, and to the mayor and sheriffs of London.
5. Source	John Tolan, “The First Imposition of a Badge on European Jews: The English Royal Mandate of 1218,” in “The Character of Christian-Muslim Encounter: Essays in Honour of David Thomas,” Brill, January 1, 2015, available online from academia.edu.
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8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in Latin in the Close Rolls of Henry III, Volume I, 1204-1224 - “Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, In Turri Londinenesi, Asservati, Vol. I, AB Anno MCCIV. Ad Annum MCCXXIV,” Printed by Command of His Majesty King William IV Under the Direction of the Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom, MDCCCXXXIII [1833], available from digitale-bibliothek-mv.de.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1218
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate imposing Jewish badge by King Henry III
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The king to the Viscount of Worcester, greetings. We order that you announce and that you have respected in all your jurisdiction that all Jews, when they walk or ride, in or outside the city, should wear on their chest, anywhere on their outer garments two white tablets made of linen cloth or parchment, so that in this way Jews may be distinguished from Christians with a clear sign. Given in Oxford 20 March 1218. The same was sent to the viscounts of Gloucester, Warwick, Lincoln, Oxford and Northampton, and to the mayor and viscounts of London.
5. Source	Notice No. 252108, RELMIN project, "The legal status of religious minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean space (V e - XV th century)" Electronic publishing Telma IRHT, Research Institute and History Texts - Orléans, Accessed online.
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8. Notes	Editor The date for this mandate varies from March 20 to March 30, as well as year, 1217 and 1218, depending on the source. Translator Google Machine Translation on 6/5/2014.

1. Full Date of Act	1220
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Assisiae regum regni Siciliae VI” issued by King Fredrick II of Sicily
3. Geography of Act	Sicily [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Jews […] are not allowed to purchase and keep Christian slaves under any circumstance or (different) titles.”
5. Source	Vering, Friedrich H: Archiv für katholisches Kirchenrecht mit besondere Rücksicht auf Deutschland, Oesterreich und die Schweiz. Volume 48; (Mainz; 1882), p. 20.
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1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1221
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Ad Nostram Noveritis Audientiam,” issued by Pope Honorius III for the Province of Bordeaux
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Know that we have heard with regard to certain Jews of the Province of Bordeaux, that they scorn to wear the prescribed signs by which they are to be distinguishable from the Christians through the difference in their clothes, as was decreed by the General Council. For this reason, aside from other enormities that arise out of this situation, it also happens that Christians mingle with Jewish women, and Jews wickedly mingle with Christian women. Also, the nobles of the said Province, heedless of the fact that blasphemers of Christ, will, whenever possible, eagerly oppress Christians, entrust to them (the Jews) the exercise of police office. They (the nobles) place them over their castles and estates, contrary to the statutes of the said Council, and the result is that the Jews effectively stand in the way of the Christians, and the slaves thus have dominion over the masters. Therefore, since it is not only impious but even an abuse that Jews should be permitted to grow so insolent, we command Your Fraternity through these Apostolic Letters, to have the statutes of the said Council with regard to these matters observed strictly, and to compel the Jews, by denying them communication with the Christians, to differentiate themselves from the Christians by a difference in dress, also to compel the nobles in the usual manner, by ecclesiastical punishment without appeal, not to entrust them with public office, nor to appoint them over Christians in other ways.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. Pp. 166/7.
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1. Full Date of Act	May 19, 1221
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull by Honorius III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	It has come to our attention that the Jews in your diocese reside in new synagogues, against our canonical sanctions, having dared to build them. We order that those synagogues be demolished...
5. Source	Honorii III Romani Pontificis opera omnia III, C.-A. Horoy (éd.), Paris 1879, coll. 814-815, n. 392
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1. Full Date of Act	1222
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Constitutions of Stephen Langton" Issued by Archbishop Stephen Langton of Canterbury
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "[A]rchbishop of canterbury Stephen Langton orders english language jews [to] wear white band[s] 2 fingers broad, 4 fingers long." Cyrus Adler, Joseph Jacobs: "BADGE;" jewishencyclopedia.com 2) "This decree prohibited Christians from having any communication with Jews, or selling them provisions, upon pain of excommunication." The Jewish Herald and Record of Christian Effort for the Spiritual Good of God's Ancient People: (London, 1852) p. 13
5. Source	None
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