Acts – Page 15 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1232
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	16 Henry III, Membrane 5, 1232
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant to Peter de Rivallis … the custody of the king's Jewry of England, so that all the Jews of England shall be intendant and accountable to him of all things belonging to the king.
5. Source	His Majesty's Stationery Office, "Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Vol. I. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1226-1257," Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Mackie and Co. LD, London, 1903, p. 163, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1232
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	16 Henry III, Membrane 3, 1232
3. Geography of Act	Ireland
4. Text of Act	Grant to Peter de Rivallis for life of the office of treasurer and chamberlain to the Exchequer of Ireland … and the said Peter shall have for life the the custody of the Jewry of Ireland, and all the Jews of Ireland shall be intendant and accountable to him as their keeper in all things belonging to the king
5. Source	His Majesty's Stationery Office, "Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Vol. I. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1226-1257," Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Mackie and Co. LD, London, 1903, p. 166-167, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Editor Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statute Concerning the Jews
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "This expelled all Jews from England who could not be of service to the King. It also laid down certain regulations regarding loans ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 19
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 16, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII
3. Geography of Act	Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	King Henry VII gifts Siegfried (‘Sifrid’), Bishop of Regensburg [and] imperial court-chancellor, for his and his father’s many and agreeable services/deed […] all [tax] revenues ('Einnahmen') from the Jews of Regensburg for the duration of his lifetime.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Decree titled Sufficere Debuerat Perfidio e Judoerum Perfidia [The Treachery of the Jews Should Have Sufficed] by Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Jews [are forbidden] from employing Christian servants.
5. Source	Michael C. Thomsett, “The Inquisition: A History,” McFarland & Company, Inc., London, 2010, p. 118, available from scribd.com.
6. Researcher	Matthew Reese (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The name of this Act was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Sufficere Debuerat” issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	...It ought to have satisfied the faithless Jews, that Christians devoutness accepted them again solely and alone from goodwill…Although at the general Council mentioned it was disposed that the Jews of both sexes at all times and everywhere should be distinguished from others through their clothing,...In addition they should avoid through greater strictness, that they in no way risk to discuss their practices with Christians, so that discussions of this kind give the ignorant no opportunity to slip away through error, which is to be hoped will not occur. For this you should, in necessary, turn to the worthy law for support.’
5. Source	“Chapter Forty-Two Popes, Church Fathers and Saints Combat and Condemn the Jews.” No Author. Page 651. Online paper, Chapters 42-43-44.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Chamber servant tax
3. Geography of Act	None
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) During the "Jewish-privilege" era of Kaiser Friederichs II, Jews are called "servi camrae" (Kammerknecht) for the first time in order to mark their special legal status as being "unfree." In the following years, it become increasingly common for the emperor to pledge, rent or sell the existing "Jewish-safty-regulations" to any territorial lords. So up to the mid 14th century, Jews were considered "chamber servants" in Bavaria and had to pay had their taxes to the dukes. "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 5, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	18 Henry III. Membrane 6, 1234
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The king’s trustworthy men of Newcastle upon Tyne give the king 100 m. for having the liberty that, henceforth in the time of the king or his heirs, no Jew is to dwell or make residence in the same vill of Newcastle upon Tyne.
5. Source	Henry III Fine Rolls Project, “18 Henry III (28 October 1233 - 27 October 1234),” finerollshenry3.org.uk, accessed on June 19, 2024.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The translation above and a scan of the original document in Latin is available on the Henry III Fine Rolls Project website.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Deferent signum rotae” (“Wearing of a Round Badge”) issued by the Council of Arles
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] In order that the Jews can be distinguished from the others, we have decreed ... that they are to wear a circular sign on their bosom … the width of the circle may be a finger long, and the height of it shall be half of a span of a palm […] Likewise, we declare, that all Jewish males, who are older than 13 years old will [need to] wear a sign when outside of the house […] the width of which is to be three or four fingers wide on the upper left side of their garment, unless they are traveling. All Jewish women who are older then 12 are to wear a yellow sign when leaving of the house. […]
5. Source	Hahn, Christoph Ulrich: Geschichte der Ketzer im Mittelalter, besonders in 11. 12. und 13. Jahrhundert, nach den Quellen bearbeitet (History of the Heretics in the Middle Ages, especially in the 11th, 12th, and 13th Century, edited according to the Sources); Volume 3, (Stuttgard 1850)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 20, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	19 Henry III. Membrane 24, 1234
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The sheriff of Norf and Suff [Norfolk and Suffolk] is ordered to cause a cry in the city of Norwich and in every good town in his counties that no Christian woman should serve the Jews in order to feed their children or in any other office. Witness the king at Westminster, on the 20th day of November, by the king himself.
5. Source	The text of this Act is available in Latin in the “Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Printed under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, A.D. 1234-1237,” Printed for His Majesty’s Stationery Office by Mackie and Co., LD., London, 1908, p. 13-14, available from archive.org and books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator This text of the Act was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1235
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Wycombe
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Simon de Montfort ... issued an edict expelling the Jews from his home city of Leicester. This proved to be the start of a host of expulsions from various cities and towns - ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 18
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1235 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Sachsenspiegel” compiled by Eike von Repgow on behest of Lord Count Hoyer of Falkenstein
3. Geography of Act	Saxony [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] If a Jew buys or accepts chalices, books or priest’s clothing in pawn for which he has no warrantor, and if it is found in his possessions, he shall be tried as a thief. Whenever other items he buys openly in daylight and not behind closed doors that he can prove with two others, he retains the money he paid for it or lent upon his oath even if it has been stolen. Should his warrantor fail him, however, he loses his money. […]"
5. Source	Dobozy, Maria: The Saxon Mirror – A “Sachsenspiegel” of the Fourteenth Century
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The Sachsenspiegel (Saxon Mirror) is the most important law book of compiled documents of the Holy Roman Empire in the German language.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1235
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Pravorum Molestiis Eum,” issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] By means of like (ecclesiastical) punishment you shall force the said creditors to free them from their oath, to desist from the exaction of usury, and to restore the interest already collected. The Jews shall be forced to do this by removing them from intercourse with the faithful. Those (of the crusaders) who are at present unable to pay their debts to Jews, shall not incur the burden of usury until such time as their death or return is definitely known; and the Jews shall be compelled to count into the principal, after necessary expenses had been deducted, the income from the pledge which they have received.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 219.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Slovenia, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy, Czech Republic and Austria

1. Full Date of Act	1236
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Imperial Letter of Protect" Issued by the Friedrich II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In an imperial Letter of Protection in the year of 1236, Friedrich II finally institutionalizes the notion that all Jews are to be considered 'chamber servants' (servitus camere imperialis)." Demel, Michael: Gebrochene Normalität, S. 51
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1237 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Friedrich II to the Jewry of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[..] the Jews are Our chamber-servants ('servi camerae nostrae') [… however] 3) in keeping with the command of imperial authority of ancient times, if the Christian princes so choose, [they] shall be able to exclude Jews from the tenured posts of civil servants. […]”
5. Source	Böhmer, Johann Friedrich: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Philipp, Otto IV, Friedrich II, Heinrich (VII) und Conrad IV. 1198-1254 (Official Registry of the Empire under Philip, Otto IV, Fredrick II, Henry (VII) and Conrad IV. 1198-1254.); (Stuttgart; 1849)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This law contained a number of privileges afforded to the Jewry of Vienna, except the section that grants the ruling princes - under whose domain Jews lived at that time - to excluded them from civil servant positions if they so choose.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1238
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of Expulsion by the Duke of Brittany
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Duke John of Brittany, 1239…To all who may read these letters, John, duke of Brittany, count of Richmont sends greetings: Know that, at the petition of the bishops, abbots, barons, and vassals of Brittany, and having in mind the good of all of Brittany, we expel all the Jews from Brittany. ...Moreover, all debts due the said Jews from any who live in Brittany, in whatsoever manner and form these are due them, we completely remit and nullify. Lands pledged to the said Jews and all other pledges of movable or real properly shall revert to the debtors or their heirs, ...Moreover, no one shall in any manner be accused or summoned for the death of Jew who has been killed. ...Moreover, we promise for ourselves and for our father, that no debts at one time contracted in Brittany shall be paid to Jews who live in the lands of our father. …Moreover, the bishops, barons, and vassals have sworn and granted that at no time will they hold or permit the holding of Jews in their lands in Brittany.
5. Source	“Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages.” Robert Chazan. 1980, Page 312-313. Online book.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Restrictive Legislation under Henry III
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "A letter from Henry III to his Treasurer set out regulations for the administration of the London archae, ... and required all Jews to remain in their existing place of residence for 12 months from 29 September 1239." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, pp. 19-20
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	King Henry III
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1239, King Henry III ordered all of England’s Jews to turn over a third of their belongings and assets to the crown; Jews who couldn’t pay were imprisoned in the Tower of London while their property was seized." Dr. Yvette Alt Miller, "The Most Famous Jewish Woman in Medieval England," aish.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Privilege, issued by Frederick II, Duke of Austria, to the citizens of the City of Wiener Neustadt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	We will not give any office to Jews, which could or would make it possible for them to burden the citizenry.
5. Source	Aronius, J. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zum Jahre 1273 [Regests of the History of the Jews in the Frankish and German Empires until the Year 1273]. Simion: Berlin, 1902. Page 224.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 9, 1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Si Vera Sunt” issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	…the Pope [Gregory IX] saw fit to write [June 9, 1239] to all archbishops of the kingdom of France as follows:…’Wherefore, since this [Talmud] is said to be the chief cause that holds the Jews obstinate in their perfidy, we thought that your Fraternity should be warned and urged, and we herewith order you by apostolic letters, that on the first Saturday of the Lent to come [March 3, 1240], in the morning, while the Jews are gathered in the synagogues, you shall, by our order, seize all the books of the Jews who live in your districts, and have these books carefully guarded in the possession of the Dominican and Franciscan friars. For this purpose you may invoke, if need be, the help of the secular arm; and you may also promulgate the sentence of excommunication against all those subject to your jurisdiction, whether clergy or laity, who refuse to give up Hebrew books which they have in their possession despite your warning given generally in the churches, or individually…’
5. Source	“Odo of Chateauroux, on the Jewish Tamud (1247, 1248).” Jacob R. Marcus, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Burning of Talmud” order issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Wherefore, since this [Talmud] is said to be the most important reason why the Jews remain obstinate in their perfidy, we, through apostolic letters, order your Discretion to have the Jews who live in the kingdoms of France, England, Aragon, Navarre, Castile, Leon, and Portugal, forced by the secular arm to give up their books. Those books, in which you will find errors of this sort, you shall cause to be burned at the stake. By Apostolic Power, and through use of ecclesiastical censure, you will silence all opponents. You will also report to us faithfully what you have done in the matter. But should all of you be unable to present at the fulfillment of these instructions, someone of you, nonetheless, shall carry out its execution. […]
5. Source	Saperstein, Marc and Jacob Rader Marcus: The Jews in Christian Europe: A Source Book, (2015) 315-1791.
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 29, 1239
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Significantibus Dilectis Filiis,” issued by Pope Gregory IX to the Bishop of Cordova
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	Know that at the instance of our dear sons, the clerics of the districts and dioceses of Cordova and Baeza, we have learned that whenever, as often happens, the Christians of these districts and dioceses have to leave their homes and property and remain away for a long time occupied in fighting and pursuing the Saracens, the Jews as often run about the districts and cities of these provinces and dioceses, bearing no visible sign, and, in order to deceive the Christians even more, claiming that they are themselves Christians. They thus kidnap Christian boys, and steal whatever else they can, and sell them to the Saracens. Nor are they afraid to commit other enormities likewise in injury of the Christian name and the scandalization and ruin of many. Wherefore, since, in order that evils of this sort might be the more easily and completely avoided, the General Council decided after careful deliberation, that Jews of either sex shall in all Christian lands and at all times be distinguished from Christians by the nature of their clothes, we, by Apostolic Letters, inform Your Fraternity that we desire you to compel the Jews of Cordova and of the province and diocese of Baeza to wear the said sign, in accordance with the decree, by which they may be distinguished from Christians. You shall do so by removing them from communication with the faithful, who shall be forced to obedience by the secular arm if need be. You may grant no appeal.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 245.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1240
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Ordered all Jewish books in Castile to be seized on the first Saturday in Lent while Jews were in synagogues. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1240
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of Ploërmel by the Jean, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richemond
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	To all those who present these letters will see, John, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richemont, hello. Know that we, at the request of the bishops, abbots, barons and vassals of Brittany, having carefully examined the interest of the country, we expel from Brittany all the Jews. Neither we nor our heirs will ever hold one on our lands in Brittany and we will not suffer any of our subjects to have on his own. All the debts contracted toward Jews established in Brittany, in whatever manner and for whatever reason, we deliver them entirely and we give them a receipt. All lands mortgaged to Jews, all movable or immovable pledges held by them will return to the debtors or their heirs, except lands and other pledges that would have been sold to Christians by judgment of this Court. No one will be accused or put on trial for killing a Jew. We will pray, we will engage in good faith and with all our power, Monseigneur the King of France, to confirm by his letters the present foundation or ordinance, and we vouch for our father and for ourselves that the debts contracted in Brittany towards the Jews do not will never be paid on the land of our father [....]. Finally, the bishops, the barons and all the vassals of our duchy have sworn and granted that they will never receive nor allow to receive Jews on their lands in Brittany.
5. Source	Claude Tocze, Annie Lambert: “Les Juifs En Bretagne, Ve-XXe siècles,” Chapter 1. (Jews in Brittany in the Middle Ages); Accessed online
6. Researcher & Translator	Cristina Penland
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 26, 1240
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon issued by the Synod of Worcester
3. Geography of Act	Present-day United Kingdom
4. Text of Act	§56. Moreover, under threat of anathema, we prohibit Christian women to nurse Jewish boys, and Jews to have Christian servants lodging in their quarters.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 331.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None