Acts – Page 154 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 4, 1944
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of Duce - January 4, 1944-XXII, n. 2 Dispositions on the assets owned by citizens of the Jewish race
3. Geography of Act	Italy
4. Text of Act	... Art. 1 The Italian citizens of Jewish race or considered as such in accordance with art. 8 of Decree Law 17 November 1938, n. 1728, even if they have got the measure of discrimination in art. 14 of the decree law, as well as foreigners of Jewish race, although not residing in Italy, can not in the State: a) be the owners, in whole or in part, or managers, in any capacity, in businesses of all nature, neither of these companies have managed nor assume however the office of director or auditor; b) to own land or to buildings and their appurtenances; c) possess titles, values, credits and rights of any partnership species, nor be owners of other movable property of any kind. ... This decree will come into force on the day of its publication in the Official Gazette of Italy. From Headquarters, this day January 4, 1944-XXIL. [Mussolini] Fifth, The Keeper: Pisenti. Registered at the Court of Auditors Jan. 10, 1944 XXII- Government Acts - Reg. 2, sheet 14. ...
5. Source	"The Anti-Jewish Laws of Fascist Italy," CDEC, Foundation Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	Editor Google translated from Italian on 8/2015.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1944
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ghetto Decree” 1.610/Regulation No. "Certain regulatory issues related to housing and residence of Jews appointment" Issued by Hungarian government
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	...Appointment of residence of the Jews...For § 8 (1) of ten thousand less populous municipalities, the first officer of the municipality rendelkezhetik as meaning that the Jews are obliged under its designated area of noise limit for other village or town to relocate. (2) pursuant to paragraph (1) placement of Jews bound relocate their place of residence to the new chief constable or the mayor arrange. Subject to (3) of Subsection (1) does not settle in the Jewish settlements. (4) The provisions of this § does not affect the Jew in his home village, where the defense is based on work or other official service provision. ...(2) In the case referred to in paragraph ( 1 ) of dwellings needed to accommodate the Jews in the villages of the chief constable , the city mayor arrange. ...Among § 10 to § 9 of the application in relation to town first officer of the municipality defined the Jews (streets, houses) placement may also provide that no Jewish person designated for the Jewish town or village parts ( street , house ) move out. However, this is not the only Jewish person will be obliged to elsewhere if the living conditions and constant application of appropriate housing is available. ... Entry into force § 16 This Regulation shall enter into force on the date of publication (April 28, 1944..) ...
5. Source	Courtesy: Parliamentary Library - Public Services Department, Budapest.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2014
8. Notes	Editor Original webpage is in Hungarian, Google translation was used on 5/20/2014 to change text to English. Split-screen version created.

1. Full Date of Act	1947
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confiscation of Jewish Assets” ordered by the Syrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Syria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1949, banks were instructed to freeze the accounts of Jews and all their assets were expropriated." "Country Narratives: Egypt;" justiceforjews.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restrictions on Jews” issued by the Iraqi government
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The Iraq government suggested to oil companies operating in Iraq, that no Jewish employees be accepted. "Iraqi Jews - Modern Iraq;" liquisearch.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews De Facto Prisoners/Jews Banned to Enter Iraq”
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In an article that appeared in the New York Times on May 16, 1948, it was reported that: “In Iraq no Jew is permitted to leave the country unless he deposits £5,000 ($20,000) with the Government to guarantee his return. No foreign Jew is allowed to enter Iraq even in transit.” New York Times, May 16, 1948
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Banking Restrictions for Jews” issued by the Iraqi government
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews were prohibited from engaging in banking or foreign currency transactions. "Iraqi Jews - Modern Iraq;" liquisearch.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews De Facto Prisoners”
3. Geography of Act	Egypt
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In June 1948, martial law banned Jews from leaving Egypt for Israel.” The Inconvenient Truth About Jews From Arab Lands: They Were Expelled, by Adi Schwartz (June 1, 2014) forward.com; The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Dismissal of Jews” decree issued by the Iraqi government
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews were dismissed from the railways, the post office, the telegraph department and the Finance Ministry on the ground that they were suspected of "sabotage and treason.” "Iraqi Jews - Modern Iraq;" liquisearch.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ban on Export & Import Licenses for Jews” issued by the Iraqi government
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The issuance of export and import licenses to Jewish merchants was forbidden. "Iraqi Jews - Modern Iraq;" liquisearch.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Dismissal of Jews from Governmental Positions” issued by the Iraqi government
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The discharge of all Jewish officials and workers from all governmental departments was ordered. "Iraqi Jews - Modern Iraq;" liquisearch.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews De Facto Prisoners”
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In July 1948, Iraq prohibited Jews from leaving the country.” The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1948
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Law of the Arab League” issued by the Political Committee of the Arab League
3. Geography of Act	Arab League Countries
4. Text of Act	1) […] all Jewish citizens […] will be considered as members of the Jewish minority of the State of Palestine and will have to register with the authorities of the region wherein they reside, giving their names, the exact number of members in their families, their addresses, the names of their banks and the amounts of their deposits in these banks. This formality is to be accomplished within seven days. 2) […] bank accounts of Jews will be frozen. These funds will be utilized in part or in full to finance the movement of resistance to Zionist ambitions in Palestine. 3) […] only Jews who are subjects of foreign countries will be considered ‘neutrals.’ These will be compelled either to return to their countries, with a minimum of delay, or be considered Arabs and obliged to accept active service in the Arab army. 4) Every Jew whose activities reveal that he is an active Zionist will be considered as a political prisoner and will be interned in places specifically designated for that purpose by police authorities or by the Government. His financial resources, instead of being frozen, will be confiscated. 5) Any Jew who will be able to prove that his activities are anti-Zionist will be free to act as he likes, provided that he declares his readiness to join the Arab armies. 6) The foregoing […] does not mean that those Jews will not be submitted to paragraphs 1 and 2 of this law.
5. Source	Urman, Stanley: The United Nations and the Middle East Refugees: The Differing Treatment of Palestinians and Jews (New Jersey; 2010)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Arab League Countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.

1. Full Date of Act	1949
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Law Allowing the Gradual Dismissal of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "... another law provided for the gradual dismissal of Jewish employees in private commerce and industry." "Shattered! 50 Years of Silence: History and Voices of the Tragedy in Romania and Transnistria: Anti-Jewish Decrees;" nizkor.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1949
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Possessions Sequestrated”
3. Geography of Act	Egypt
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The possessions of autochthonous Jews and those who were abroad were sequestrated.” The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1950
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Agricultural Ban on Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Syria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Syria prohibited Jews from working in agriculture in February of 1950.” The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1950
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Revocation of Jewish Citizenship" issued by Prime Minister Tawfig al-Suwaydi
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In order to halt the uncontrolled flight of Jewish assets, Iraqi Prime Minister Tawfig as-Suwaydi [al-Suwaydi] engineered an amendment to Law 1, the Denaturalization Act. The amendment revoked citizenship to any Jew who wanted to the country. Once Jews registered to emigrate, they were required to leave within 15 days. On March 3, 1950, to halt the uncontrolled flight of assets and people, Iraqi Prime Minister Tawfig as-Suwaydi engineered the passage of an amendment to Law 1, the Denaturalization Act. The amendment authorized revocation of citizenship to any Jew who willingly left the country. The new measure mimicked similar legislation in Nazi Germany. Upon exit, Jewish assets were frozen but were still available to the emigrants for use within Iraq. Once Jews registered to emigrate, the decision was permanent, and they were required to leave within 15 days. The window would not be wide. When Iraq Expelled Its Jews to Israel—The Inside Story, israelnewstalkradio.com; jpost.com; tikkun.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1950
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confiscation of Jewish Property”
3. Geography of Act	Kurdistan
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Persecution also took place in Kurdistan in June 1950, when Jews were obliged to give up their possessions and houses.” Delburgo, Carolina: Come ladri nella notte … la cacciata dell’Egitto. Seconda edizione (“Like Thieves in the Night… The Expulsion from Egypt. Second Edition”)” (Bologna; 2013); The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1950
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Seizure of Jewish Assets”
3. Geography of Act	Syria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Syria enacted a law to seize Jewish possessions (houses, estates, shops) in Aleppo.” “Syria enacted a law in Qamishli in April of 1950 to seize Jewish possessions in order to settle Palestinian refugees in Jewish quarters.” [The above appear to have been two separate laws which were issued by the Syrian government, and would need to be researched separately.] The Expulsion of the Jews from Muslim Countries, 1920-1970: A History of Ongoing Cruelty and Discrimination, jcpa.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 9, 1950
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Supplement to Ordinance Cancelling Iraqi Nationality
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Section 1 – […] 'the Council of Ministers may cancel the Iraqi nationality of the Iraqi Jew who willingly desires to leave Iraq.'
5. Source	Law No. 1 of 1950, Official Iraqi Gazette, March 9, 1950.
6. Researcher & Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1951
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	A law for the Supervision and Administration of the Property of Jews who have Forfeited Iraqi Nationality
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Law No. 5 of 1951 entitled 'A law for the Supervision and Administration of the Property of Jews who have Forfeited Iraqi Nationality'also deprived them of their property. Section 2(a) 'freezes'Jewish property." "IRAQ:" justiceforjews.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1951
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law No. 5 of 1951, titled, Law for the Control and Administration of Property of Jews Who Have Forfeited Iraqi Nationality.
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Property of [Jewish] persons who have forfeited the Iraqi Nationality shall be frozen and shall not be disposed of in any manner whatsoever as from the date of coming into force of this law. It shall be disposed on in accordance with its provision and the regulations issued thereunder. … After the coming into force of this Law, the disposal by any person other than the Custodian General, of property belonging to the person who has forfeited the Iraqi Nationality shall be deemed void.
5. Source	Iraq Government Gazette, Weekly Edition No. 2, Baghdad, January 13, 1952, pp. 17-18, available from ijarchive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, this Act was originally published in the Waqayi’ al ‘Iraqiya No. 2938 on March 10, 1951.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1951
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law No. 12 of 1951, titled, Supplementary Law for the Control and Administration of Property of Jews Who Have Forfeited the Iraqi Nationality No. (5) of 1951.
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Article 1 - From the date of coming into force of this Law the property of Iraqi Jews who had left Iraq under a passport on or after the first day of the year 1948 shall be frozen and the provisions of Law No. (5) of 1951 and the Regulations issued or to be issued thereunder shall be applied thereto. Article 2. - (a) Any Iraqi Jew covered by Article 1 must return to Iraq within two months from the date of the notice to be published under the following paragraph … (c) Any person who being covered by the provisions of the preceding paragraph fails to return to Iraq within the period shown in the notice shall be deemed to have finally left Iraq and shall forfeit his Iraqi Nationality. … Article 5. … - (b) Any Iraqi Jew who leaves Iraq under a passport after the coming into force of this Law shall return to Iraq within the period recorded in his passport. If he fails to return at the end of the period the Council of Ministers may on the proposal of the Minister decide to deprive him of his Iraqi Nationality, and his property shall then be disposed of in accordance with Law No. (5) of 1951.
5. Source	Iraq Government Gazette, Weekly Edition No. 4, Baghdad, January 27, 1952, pp. 32-34, available from ijarchive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, this Act was originally published in the Waqayi’ al ‘Iraqiya No. 1949 on March 22, 1951.

1. Full Date of Act	1952
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews De Facto Prisoners and Other Restrictions Placed on Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1952, Iraq’s government barred Jews from emigrating.[A]dditional restrictions were placed on the remaining Iraqi Jews.The sale of property was forbidden and all Jews were forced to carry yellow identity cards." Justice for Jews From Arab Countries; Country Narratives, Iraq, justiceforjews.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1956
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Sequestration Orders” issued under the Military Proclamation No. 4
3. Geography of Act	Egypt
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Between November 1-20 1956, official records reveal that by a series of sequestration orders issued under Military Proclamation No. 4, the property of many hundreds of Jews in Egypt was taken from their owners and turned over to Egyptian administrators. Proclamation No. 4 was carried into effect almost exclusively against Jews; and though a number of Copts and Moslems were also interned, their assets were never sequestered." Confidential Memorandum provided to the UNHCR (2/26/1960) 2) "In addition to the vast sequestration of property and other discriminatory treatment, Directive No. 189 issued under the authority of Military Proclamation No. 4, authorized the Director General of the Sequestering Agency to deduct from the assets belonging to interned persons, 10% of the value of the sequestered property, presumably to cover the costs of administration. Hence, without regard to the question of whether a property is legally sequestered, the Jews of Egypt were being taxed to pay for the machinery or improper sequestration and withholding." Auguste Lindt: Confidential Memorandum provided to the High Commissioner (2/21/1957)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1956
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of the Egyptian Government
3. Geography of Act	Egypt
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1956, the Egyptian government used the Sinai Campaign as a pretext to order almost 25,000 Egyptian Jews to leave the country and confiscated their property. They were allowed to take only one suitcase and a small sum of cash, and forced to sign declarations 'donating' their property to the Egyptian government. Approximately 1,000 more Jews were sent to prisons and detention camps." Justice for Jews From Arab Countries; Country Narratives - Egypt; justiceforjews.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None