Acts – Page 16 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 17, 1222
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Conciliar Decree (Canons 39 and 40), issued by the Council of Oxford
3. Geography of Act	Present-day United Kingdom
4. Text of Act	§39. Since it is absurd that the children of a free woman shall be slaves to the children of a bondswoman, and since no little scandal in the case of many regularly arises in the Church of God from Jews and Christians living under the same roof, we decree that in the future Jews shall not possess Christian slaves. For the observance of this injunction we wish the servants to be effectively constrained by ecclesiastical censure, and the Jews by regular punishment or such extraordinary punishment as may be devised by the diocesan official; and since beyond the decrees of the law we need show them no favor, and inasmuch as, by the many enormities which they have committed at this time, they have been proved to be most ungrateful, we forbid them to construct synagogues in the future, but we enjoin that they shall be held bound to the churches, in whose parishes they dwell, in respect to tithes and contributions out of their usury. §40. Since in these parts such confusion had arisen between Christians and Jews that they are barely distinguishable, and as a result it sometimes happens that Christians cohabit with Jewesses or vice versa, we decree by the authority of the present general Council, that each and every Jew, whether male or female, shall wear clearly exposed on the outer garments, on the chest, a linen patch of a different color from that of his garment, so that each patch shall measure two fingers in width and four in length; and that they shall be compelled, by ecclesiastical censure, to observe this regulation. They shall moreover not presume to enter churches in the future. And lest they have occasion to enter, we strictly forbid them to deposit and keep their property in churches; and if anyone dare act to the contrary, he shall be corrected by the local bishop.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 315.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1223
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of Louis VIII
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Louis VIII of France prohibits his officials from recording debts owed to Jews, reversing his father’s policy of seeking such debts. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1226
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews declared to be property of the Barons” by King Louis IX
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) When Louis IX (The Saint) ascended the throne, A.D. 1226, he piously determined to suppress usury, and, as a simple expedient thereto, he recognized the Jews as the property of the barons. Russel, Bruce M. and John R. Oneal: The Fiddle and the Bow – Triangulating Peace, (Bob Taylor’s Magazine) Volume II
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1227
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Conciliar Decree (Canon 11), issued by the Council of Trier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	§11. “[…] we order the lords of the land to compel their Jews, and force them to this by some punishment, not to occupy themselves with medicine, nor to give any kind of potion to Christians.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 319.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 31, 1227
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” of Pope Gregor IX
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Pope Gregory [declares that he has] decided against the Jews in Regensburg [who had wanted to establish a cemetery on grounds purchased from the cloister St. Emmeram and to convert a house purchased from the same cloister into a synagogue and] orders to have this matter investigated, and suggests/advises [the Abby and cloister] to force the Jews to give up these lands/grounds as restitution for the other complaints, if necessary, and to threaten then with expulsion […]
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Lang’s Regesta Boica (Volume II). It was issued in response to a complaint brought forth by the Abby and convent in St. Emmeram stating that the Jews of Regensburg had unlawfully (‘contra iustitiam’) taken ownership of the land of the cloister.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1227
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Limburg; Holy Roman Empire; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Henry VII permits Duke Henry (‘Heinrich’) IV of Limburg at his request/plea and his brother Waleran (‘Walram’ III) of Montjoie together with his loyal council, William (‘Wilhelm’) Duke of Jülich and his heirs to own all Jews, who enter his domains in order to stay/settle there, as an imperial loan (‘Reichslehne’) and to use them/rule over them (‘über sie verfügen’) […]”
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1228
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by the Council of Valladolid
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“We decree that from now on, all the decrees of the sacred General Council shall be observed with greater diligence. […] We likewise decree and order most emphatically, that the Jews shall not wear a wide cloak of the kind worn by the clergy, for it is highly improper that the Jews, who should be set apart and separated from the Christians by some definite sign, wear the garments of clerics. They shall be forced to do this by the power of the Church.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P.319.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 21, 1228
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull, issued by Pope Gregory IX to the clergy of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[B]y means of the secular powers you shall cause the Jews to be forced to remit their usury, and until they do so remit it, they shall be denied communion with the faithful. Moreover, if any of the crusaders cannot at the present time repay their debts to the Jews, you shall see to it that the secular judges provide for them such a beneficial moratorium, that from the time of their departure until their death or return will be known for certain, they shall not incur the burden of usury. You shall, moreover, force the Jews to reckon into the principal the income from the pledge, which may accrue in the meantime, after necessary expenses have been deducted […].
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 181.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1229
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Social Restrictions Against Jews” issued by Raymond VII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, heir of Raymond VI is also forced to swear that he would implement social restrictions against Jews. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 13, 1230
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII
3. Geography of Act	Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] absolves Count Egino [V. Urach] of Fribourg (‘Grafen Egeno von Freiburg’) of any resentment and anger directed at him for imprisoning his Jews in Fribourg and prohibits anyone to burden or harm him with any lawsuit brought forth by a Jew.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 1230 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes of Melun” (‘Statutum apud Meledunum’) official contract/agreement/ordinance between King Louis IX and Number of Barons
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of France; Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“In the statutes of Melun (‘statutum apud Meledunum’) [… King Louis declares] for the salvation of his soul ‘and in glorious memory of his father Louis and his predecessors’ that he nor the Barons may permit Jews to enter/sign any debt-contract (Art. 1). No one in the entire empire may withhold a Jew of another ruler, and wherever anyone finds one of his Jews (‘Judaeum suum’), he can arrest/imprison him, like his own slave (‘tamquam proprium servum suum’), as long as the Jew is in the territory of the other or in another kingdom (‘in alio regno’)* […] (Art. 2). […]”
5. Source	Die rechtsverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern. Mit einer Einleitung über die Prinzipien der Judengesetzgebung in Europa während des Mittelalters. Von Dr. J. E. Scherer. (The legal status of Jews in German-Austrian Countries. With an introduction regarding the principles of Jewish legislation in Europe during the Middle Ages. By J. E. Scherer, PhD.); (Leipzig; 1901);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *This mean also outside of France. The statutes also required Jews to show proof of any debt owed to them by their lords by Christmas or lose any claims to them. The above text is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text. The original Latin text can be found in its entirety in M. Alexandre Teulet’s Inventaires et Document Publies Par Order de L’Emererur.

1. Full Date of Act	1231 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Leicester by Simon de Montfort
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Know all of you, that I, for the good of my soul, and the soul of my ancestors and successors, have granted […], that no Jew or Jewess, in my time or in the time of any of my heirs to the end of the world, shall inhabit, or remain, or obtain a residence within the liberty of the town of Leicester.”
5. Source	The Palgrave Dictionary of Medieval Anglo-Jewish History, ed. by Joe Hillaby, Caroline Hillaby, New York 2013, page 197
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1232
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	16 Henry III, Membrane 5, 1232
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant to Peter de Rivallis … the custody of the king's Jewry of England, so that all the Jews of England shall be intendant and accountable to him of all things belonging to the king.
5. Source	His Majesty's Stationery Office, "Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Vol. I. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1226-1257," Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Mackie and Co. LD, London, 1903, p. 163, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1232
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	16 Henry III, Membrane 3, 1232
3. Geography of Act	Ireland
4. Text of Act	Grant to Peter de Rivallis for life of the office of treasurer and chamberlain to the Exchequer of Ireland … and the said Peter shall have for life the the custody of the Jewry of Ireland, and all the Jews of Ireland shall be intendant and accountable to him as their keeper in all things belonging to the king
5. Source	His Majesty's Stationery Office, "Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Vol. I. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1226-1257," Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Mackie and Co. LD, London, 1903, p. 166-167, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Editor Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statute Concerning the Jews
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "This expelled all Jews from England who could not be of service to the King. It also laid down certain regulations regarding loans ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 19
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 16, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII
3. Geography of Act	Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	King Henry VII gifts Siegfried (‘Sifrid’), Bishop of Regensburg [and] imperial court-chancellor, for his and his father’s many and agreeable services/deed […] all [tax] revenues ('Einnahmen') from the Jews of Regensburg for the duration of his lifetime.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Decree titled Sufficere Debuerat Perfidio e Judoerum Perfidia [The Treachery of the Jews Should Have Sufficed] by Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Jews [are forbidden] from employing Christian servants.
5. Source	Michael C. Thomsett, “The Inquisition: A History,” McFarland & Company, Inc., London, 2010, p. 118, available from scribd.com.
6. Researcher	Matthew Reese (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The name of this Act was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1233
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Sufficere Debuerat” issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	...It ought to have satisfied the faithless Jews, that Christians devoutness accepted them again solely and alone from goodwill…Although at the general Council mentioned it was disposed that the Jews of both sexes at all times and everywhere should be distinguished from others through their clothing,...In addition they should avoid through greater strictness, that they in no way risk to discuss their practices with Christians, so that discussions of this kind give the ignorant no opportunity to slip away through error, which is to be hoped will not occur. For this you should, in necessary, turn to the worthy law for support.’
5. Source	“Chapter Forty-Two Popes, Church Fathers and Saints Combat and Condemn the Jews.” No Author. Page 651. Online paper, Chapters 42-43-44.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Chamber servant tax
3. Geography of Act	None
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) During the "Jewish-privilege" era of Kaiser Friederichs II, Jews are called "servi camrae" (Kammerknecht) for the first time in order to mark their special legal status as being "unfree." In the following years, it become increasingly common for the emperor to pledge, rent or sell the existing "Jewish-safty-regulations" to any territorial lords. So up to the mid 14th century, Jews were considered "chamber servants" in Bavaria and had to pay had their taxes to the dukes. "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 5, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	18 Henry III. Membrane 6, 1234
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The king’s trustworthy men of Newcastle upon Tyne give the king 100 m. for having the liberty that, henceforth in the time of the king or his heirs, no Jew is to dwell or make residence in the same vill of Newcastle upon Tyne.
5. Source	Henry III Fine Rolls Project, “18 Henry III (28 October 1233 - 27 October 1234),” finerollshenry3.org.uk, accessed on June 19, 2024.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The translation above and a scan of the original document in Latin is available on the Henry III Fine Rolls Project website.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Deferent signum rotae” (“Wearing of a Round Badge”) issued by the Council of Arles
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] In order that the Jews can be distinguished from the others, we have decreed ... that they are to wear a circular sign on their bosom … the width of the circle may be a finger long, and the height of it shall be half of a span of a palm […] Likewise, we declare, that all Jewish males, who are older than 13 years old will [need to] wear a sign when outside of the house […] the width of which is to be three or four fingers wide on the upper left side of their garment, unless they are traveling. All Jewish women who are older then 12 are to wear a yellow sign when leaving of the house. […]
5. Source	Hahn, Christoph Ulrich: Geschichte der Ketzer im Mittelalter, besonders in 11. 12. und 13. Jahrhundert, nach den Quellen bearbeitet (History of the Heretics in the Middle Ages, especially in the 11th, 12th, and 13th Century, edited according to the Sources); Volume 3, (Stuttgard 1850)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 20, 1234
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	19 Henry III. Membrane 24, 1234
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	The sheriff of Norf and Suff [Norfolk and Suffolk] is ordered to cause a cry in the city of Norwich and in every good town in his counties that no Christian woman should serve the Jews in order to feed their children or in any other office. Witness the king at Westminster, on the 20th day of November, by the king himself.
5. Source	The text of this Act is available in Latin in the “Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Printed under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, A.D. 1234-1237,” Printed for His Majesty’s Stationery Office by Mackie and Co., LD., London, 1908, p. 13-14, available from archive.org and books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator This text of the Act was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1235
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Wycombe
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Simon de Montfort ... issued an edict expelling the Jews from his home city of Leicester. This proved to be the start of a host of expulsions from various cities and towns - ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 18
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1235 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Sachsenspiegel” compiled by Eike von Repgow on behest of Lord Count Hoyer of Falkenstein
3. Geography of Act	Saxony [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] If a Jew buys or accepts chalices, books or priest’s clothing in pawn for which he has no warrantor, and if it is found in his possessions, he shall be tried as a thief. Whenever other items he buys openly in daylight and not behind closed doors that he can prove with two others, he retains the money he paid for it or lent upon his oath even if it has been stolen. Should his warrantor fail him, however, he loses his money. […]"
5. Source	Dobozy, Maria: The Saxon Mirror – A “Sachsenspiegel” of the Fourteenth Century
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The Sachsenspiegel (Saxon Mirror) is the most important law book of compiled documents of the Holy Roman Empire in the German language.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 13, 1235
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Pravorum Molestiis Eum,” issued by Pope Gregory IX
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] By means of like (ecclesiastical) punishment you shall force the said creditors to free them from their oath, to desist from the exaction of usury, and to restore the interest already collected. The Jews shall be forced to do this by removing them from intercourse with the faithful. Those (of the crusaders) who are at present unable to pay their debts to Jews, shall not incur the burden of usury until such time as their death or return is definitely known; and the Jews shall be compelled to count into the principal, after necessary expenses had been deducted, the income from the pledge which they have received.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. Church And the Jews In the XIIIth Century: a Study of Their Relations During the Years 1198-1254, Based On the Papal Letters And the Conciliar Decrees of the Periods. The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning: Philadelphia PA, 1933. P. 219.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Slovenia, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy, Czech Republic and Austria