Acts – Page 19 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 6, 1258
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons issued by the Synod of Montpellier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	V. To restrain unbridled Jewish avarice, it is ordered that Jews may be permitted to take back from borrowers only the principal with no interest. No one is to aid Jews in the collection of debts, unless they go into court and swear the loans bear no interest.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 277.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1259 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 8, issued by the Provincial Council of Mainz (formerly called Mayence)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] Should any of the afore-mentioned [Jewish] people be seen on Good Friday, in the street, in the doorway of his house, or in the windows, to which two Christians will testify, he shall be compelled to give a silver mark to the local diocese by way of punishment.”
5. Source	Mansi, G. Domenico., Baluze, E., Petit, L., Cossart, G., Martin, J. Baptiste., Labbe, P. Sacrorum conciliorum, nova et amplissima collectio (Holy Councils, New and Improved Collection). Paris: H. Welter, 1903. Vol. 23, Col.1000.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1259
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” by Henry III
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Expulsion of all Jews from Brabant under the order of Henry III - except those living by trade." Emil G. Hirsch, Jules Oppert, J. Frederic McCurdy, Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs etc: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1259
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Justis Petentium,” issued by Alexander IV to the Cathedral Chapter of Pamplona
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	From the possessions which the Jews have outside of Pamplona, they shall pay tithes to the parish churches in which their possessions are located.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 66.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1260 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon law by the Council of Arles, issued to the Republic of Florence
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Jews are to wear a special habit, which must be distinguishable from the round capes of clerics.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 243.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1261 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by Duke Henry III of Brabant, year 1261
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Brabant [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] all Jews [… must] be expelled from […] Brabat. They are to be totally extirpated (rooted out, destroyed completely) until not even one remains, unless they […] engage in commerce after the fashion of other merchants and agree to cease their practice of money-lending and usury.”
5. Source	Jewish Virtual Library. Belgium. West European kingdom. The Medieval Community. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org; Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This order is stated in Duke Henry’s will.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1261
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	45 Henry III, Membrane 12
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant, for a fine, to the burgesses of Derby that they and their heirs for ever shall have this liberty, to wit, that no Jew or Jewess by the king and his heirs or others shall henceforth remain or dwell in the said town.
5. Source	His Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1258-1266,” The Hereford Times Co., Ltd., Hereford, 1910, p. 153, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 24, 1262
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Ea Que Judicio,” issued by Urban IV to the Abbott and Convent of St. Anthony in Pamiers
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	The Abbot shall receive a feudal census, or tribute, which the Jews of Pamiers have to remit annually.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 74.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1263
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Derby
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Simon de Montfort ... issued an edict expelling the Jews from his home city of Leicester. This proved to be the start of a host of expulsions from various cities and towns - ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 18
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1263
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Cum Predicationem Crucis,” issued by Urban IV to Albertus Magnus, Papal Legate to the German-Speaking Lands of Central Europe
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	Jews are to be compelled to restore usury to the crusaders, and, until they do so, they are to be denied contact with the faithful.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 77.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland

1. Full Date of Act	May 1, 1263
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of King Richard of Cornwall
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Richard gifts the Jews of Worms again to Bishop Henry (‘Heinrich’) II of Speyer.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zum Jahre 1273. Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Historischen Commission für Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland. Bearbeitet unter Mitwirkung von Albert Dresdner und Ludwig Lewinski and Julius Aronius. (Regesta of the history of Jews in the Frankish and German empires until the year 1273. Commissioned and published by the Historical Commission for History of Jews in Germany. Edited together by Albert Dresdner und Ludwig Lewinski and Julius Aronius.); (Berlin; 1902);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source. At the time of the transfer, Jews were required to pay 220 Pfund Heller to the citizens of Speyer.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 23, 1263
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Cum Negotium Crucis,” issued by Urban IV to members of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders, and to all now appointed or to be appointed for matters pertaining to the Holy Land
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	To those [crusaders] who owe [money] to Jews and cannot presently pay off their debt, the secular kings shall be helpful, such that after their journey, upon certain knowledge of their return or death, they shall not incur the disadvantages of usury, or forced to give collateral to the Jews, as their kind shall not have the benefit of such losses, but release the crusaders from their debts, so that [the crusaders] may not be consumed by them.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 79.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1264
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” of Pope Clement IV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Pope Clement IV assigns Talmud censorship committee. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1264
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Town charter, issued by Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania, for the City of Greifswald
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We [hereby] expel and drive out the perfidious Jews, and we judge them unable to return.
5. Source	Aronius, J. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden im Fränkischen und Deutschen Reiche bis zum Jahre 1273 [Regests of the History of the Jews in the Frankish and German Empires until the Year 1273]. Simion: Berlin, 1902. Page 286.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1265
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Decree” issued by Duke Henry
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	(1) A Jew bringing an action against a Christian must produce as witnesses two Christians and one Jew, men of good repute. (2) A Christian bringing an action against a Jew must produce as witnesses two Jews and one Christian. (3) Any pledge may be taken without a witness. (4) A Jew who denies having received a pledge, and is subsequently found with it in his possession, is forced to surrender it, but is not punished. (5) Bail for a Jew is fixed at one gold mark for the imperial court, one gold mark for the margrave, one silver mark for the margrave's chamberlain, and one pound of pepper for each of the lower judges.
5. Source	Joseph Jacobs, Schulim Ochser: Jewish Encyclopedia: Saxony
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 26, 1265
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Non Sine Misterio,” issued by Clement IV to the Archbishop of Seville
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	If, however, any creditor does force [the Crusaders] to pay interest, it shall be restored to them, without any option of appeal, and with mandatory stricture [of the creditor]. Jews are to return the interest, under compulsion by a secular power, and until they do so, all of the Christian faithful are ordered, under pain of excommunication, to absolutely refrain from any interaction with these Jews, both in business and otherwise.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 85.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 28, 1265
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Las Siete Partidas” (The Seven-Part Code”) on the order of Alfonso X, 8/28/1265*
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] LAW II. […] Jews should pass their lives among Christians quietly and without disorder, practicing their own religious rites, and not speaking ill of the faith of Our Lord Jesus Christ, which Christians acknowledge. Moreover, a Jew should be very careful to avoid preaching to, or converting any Christian, to the end that he may become a Jew, by exalting his own belief and disparaging ours. Whoever violates this law shall be put to death and lose all his property. And because we have heard it said that in some places Jews celebrated, and still celebrate Good Friday, which commemorates the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, by way of contempt: stealing children and fastening them to crosses, and making images of wax and crucifying them, when they cannot obtain children; we order that, hereafter, if in any part of our dominions anything like this is done, and can be proved, all persons who were present when the act was committed shall be seized, arrested and brought before the king; and after the king ascertains that they are guilty, he shall cause them to be put to death in a disgraceful manner, no matter how many there may be. We also forbid any Jew to dare to leave his house or his quarter on Good Friday, but they must all remain shut up until Saturday morning; and if they violate this regulation, we decree that they shall not be entitled to reparation for any injury or dishonor inflicted upon them by Christians. LAW III, NO JEW CAN HOLD ANY OFFICE OR EMPLOYMENT BY WHICH HE MAY BE ABLE TO OPPRESS CHRISTIANS Jews were formerly highly honored, and enjoyed privileges above all other races, for they alone were called the People of God. But for the reason that they disowned Him who had honored them and given them privileges; and instead of showing Him reverence humiliated Him, by shamefully putting Him to death on the cross; it was proper and just that, on account of the great crime and wickedness which they committed, they should forfeit the honors and privileges which they enjoyed; and therefore from the day when they crucified Our Lord Jesus Christ they never had either king or priests among themselves, as they formerly did. The emperors, who in former times were lords of all the world, considered it fitting and right that, on account of the treason which they committed in killing their lord, they should lose all said honors and privileges, so that no Jew could ever afterwards hold an honorable position, or a public office by means of which he might, in any way, oppress a Christian. LAW IV. HOW JEWS CAN HAVE A SYNAGOGUE AMONG CHRISTIANS A synagogue is a place where the Jews pray, and a new building of this kind cannot be erected in any part of our dominions, except by our order. Where, however, those that formerly existed there are torn down, they can be built in the same spot where they originally stood; but they cannot be made any larger or raised to any greater height, or be painted. A synagogue constructed in any other manner shall be lost by the Jews, and shall belong to the principal church of the locality where it is built. And for the reason that a synagogue is a place where the name of God is praised, we forbid any Christian to deface it, or remove anything from it, or take anything out of it by force; except where some malefactor takes refuge there; for they have a right to remove him by force in order to bring him before the judge. Moreover, we forbid Christians to put any animal into a synagogue, or loiter in it, or place any hindrance in the way of the Jews while they are there performing their devotions according to their religion. LAW V. NO COMPULSION SHALL BE BROUGHT TO BEAR UPON THE JEWS ON SATURDAY, AND WHAT JEWS CAN BE SUBJECT TO COMPULSION Saturday is the day on which Jews perform their devotions, and remain quiet in their lodgings and do not make contracts or transact any business; and for the reason that they are obliged by their religion to keep its no one should on that day summon them or bring them into court. Wherefore we order that no judge shall employ force or any constraint upon Jews on Saturday, in order to bring them into court on account of their debts; or arrest them; or cause them any other annoyance; for the remaining days of the week are sufficient for the purpose of employing compulsion against them, and for making demands for things which can be demanded of them according to law. Jews are not bound to obey a summons served upon them on that day; and, moreover, we decree that any decision rendered against them on Saturday shall not be valid; but if a Jew should wound, kill, rob, steal, or commit any other offense like these for which he can be punished in person and property, then the judge can arrest him on Saturday. We also decree that all claims that Christians have against Jews, and Jews against Christians, shall be decided and determined by our judges in the district where they reside, and not by their old men. And as we forbid Christians to bring Jews into court or annoy them on Saturday; so we also decree that Jews, neither in person, nor by their attorneys, shall have the right to bring Christians into court, or annoy them on this day. And in addition to this, we forbid any Christian, on his own responsibility, to arrest or wrong any Jew either in his person or property, but where he has any complaint against him he must bring it before our judges; and if anyone should be so bold as to use violence against the Jews, or rob them of anything, he shall return them double the value of the same. LAW VI. JEWS WHO BECOME CHRISTIANS SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO COMPULSION; WHAT ADVANTAGE A JEW HAS WHO BECOME A CHRISTIAN; AND WHAT PENALTY OTHER JEWS DESERVE WHO DO HIM HARM No force or compulsion shall be employed in any way against a Jew to induce him to become a Christian; but Christians should convert him to the faith of Our Lord Jesus Christ by means of the texts of the Holy Scriptures, and by kind words, for no one can love or appreciate a service which is done him by compulsion. We also decree that if any Jew or Jewess should voluntarily desire to become a Christian, the other Jews shall not interfere with this in any way, and if they stone, wound, or kill any such person, because he wishes to become a Christian, or after he has been baptized, and this can be proved; we order that all the murderers, or the abettors of said murder or attack, shall be burned. But where the party was not killed, but wounded, or dishonored; we order the judges of the neighborhood where this took place shall compel those guilty of the attack, or who caused the dishonor, to make amends to him for the same; and also that they be punished for the offense which the committed, as they think they deserve; and we also order that, after any Jews become Christians, all persons in our dominions shall honor them; and that no one shall dare to reproach them or their descendants, by way of insult, with having been Jews; and that they shall possess all their property, sharing the same with their brothers and inheriting it from their fathers and mothers and other relatives just as if they were Jews; and that they can hold all offices and dignities which other Christians can do. LAW VII. WHAT PENALTY A CHRISTIAN DESERVES WHO BECOMES A JEW Where a Christian is so unfortunate as to become a Jew, we order that he shall be put to death just as if he had become a heretic; and we decree that his property shall be disposed of in the same way that we stated should be done with that of heretics. LAW VIII. NO CHRISTIAN, MAN OR WOMAN SHALL LIVE WITH A JEW We forbid any Jew to keep Christian men or women in his house, to be served by them; although he may have them to cultivate and take care of his lands, or protect him on the way when he is compelled to go to some dangerous place. Moreover, we forbid any Christian man or woman to invite a Jew or a Jewess, or to accept an invitation from them, to eat or drink together, or to drink any wine made by their hands. We also order that no Jews shall dare to bathe in company with Christians, and that no Christian shall take any medicine or cathartic made by a Jew; but he can take it by the advice of some intelligent person, only where it is made by a Christian, who knows and is familiar with its ingredients. LAW IX. WHAT PENALTY A JEW DESERVES WHO HAS INTERCOURSE WITH A CHRISTIAN WOMAN Jews who live with Christian women are guilty of great insolence and boldness, for which reason we decree that all Jews who, hereafter, may be convicted of having done such a thing shall be put to death. For if Christians who commit adultery with married women deserve death on that account, much more do Jews who have sexual intercourse with Christian women, who are spiritually the wives of Our Lord Jesus Christ because of the faith and the baptism which they receive in His name; nor do we consider it proper that a Christian woman who commits an offense of this kind shall escape without punishment. Wherefore we order that, whether she be a virgin, a married woman, a widow, or a common prostitute Who gives herself to all men, she shall suffer the same penalty which we mentioned in the last law in the Title concerning the Moors, to which a Christian woman is liable who has carnal intercourse with a Moor. LAW X. WHAT PENALTY JEWS DESERVE WHO HOLD CHRISTIANS AS SLAVES A Jew shall not purchase, or keep as a slave, a Christian man or woman, and if anyone violates this law the Christian shall be restored to freedom and shall not pay any portion of the price given for him, although the Jew may not have been aware when he bought him, that he was a Christian; but if he knew that he was such when he purchased him, and makes use of him afterwards as a slave, he shall be put to death for doing so. Moreover, we forbid any Jew to convert a captive to his religion, even though said captive may be a Moor, or belong to some other barbarous race. If anyone violates this law we order that the said slave who has become a Jew shall be set at liberty, and removed from the control of the party to whom he or she belonged. If any Moors who are the captives of Jews become Christians, they shall at once be freed, as is explained in the Fourth Partida of this book, in the Title concerning Liberty, in the laws, which treat of this subject. LAW XI. JEWS SHALL BEAR CERTAIN MARKS IN ORDER THAT THEY MAY BE KNOWN Many crimes and outrageous things occur between Christians and Jews because they live together in cities, and dress alike; and in order to avoid the offenses and evils which take place for this reason, We deem it proper, and we order that all Jews, male and female, living In our dominions shall bear some distinguishing mark upon their heads so that people may plainly recognize a Jew, or a Jewess; and any Jew who does not bear such a mark, shall pay for each time he is found without it ten maravedis of gold; and if he has not the means to do this he shall receive ten lashes for his offense."
5. Source	Fordham University: Medieval Sourcebook: Las Siete Partidas; Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Partidas was probably written between June 26, 1256, and August 28, 1265, according to the oldest text. It was compiled by Castilian jurists under the direction of Alfonso X. However, other dates have been proposed by experts, such as 1254-1261; 1256 to 1263; and 1251 to 1265. In any event, the majority of historians agree that it was not completed until 1256 and did not take effect until sometime in the 14th century. Once the Partidas were enacted, they were applied throughout *Spain, and its territories, such as Louisiana, Florida, and Puerto Rico.

1. Full Date of Act	1266
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Agit Nec Immerito,” issued by Clement IV to James, King of Aragon
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“From now on, Jews shall not be admitted to any offices at all, and except for privileges granted to them by the Apostolic See, you are to proceed by restraining their wickedness, as well as their falsehoods and blasphemies.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 92.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1266
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	50 Henry III. Membrane 11
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant, at the instance of Robert Walerand, to the abbess and nuns of Romesey that no Jew shall henceforth dwell in the town of Romesey or stay there without their licence
5. Source	His Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Henry III. A.D. 1258-1266,” The Hereford Times Co., Ltd., Hereford, 1910, p. 613, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Pope Clement IV
3. Geography of Act	Holy See
4. Text of Act	…the entire Talmud, together with its commentaries and additions, and all their [other] books represented freely to you and your subordinates by the Jews. Once the books have been presented, they can restore to the said Jews those which shall accord with the text of the Bible, as well as those concerning which there is no suspicion that they contain blasphemies and errors, or any falsity whatsoever. …We have heard with sorrow and now relate that the Jews of the Kingdom of Aragon, having neglected the Old Testament which the majesty of his creator conferred through his servant Moses, falsely pretend that the Lord handed down a certain other law or tradition which they call the Talmud. In its huge volume, which is said to be larger than the text of the Old and New Testaments are contained innumerable abuses and blasphemies against the Lord Jesus Christ and his most blessed mother.
5. Source	“Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity.” Online book, Accessed 10/1/2011; Jeremy Cohen. 1999, Page 331-332
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 2, 1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Synod held in Wroclaw
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	Since the land of Poland is a new acquisition to the body of Christianity, so that the Christian people may not be more easily infected with the superstition and depravity of the Jews dwelling among them...we command that the Jews shall not live among the Christians, but shall have their homes near or next to one another in some sequestered part of the state or town so that their homes shall be separated from the homes of the Christians...by a wall or ditch. […] Par. 13. – Jews must wear a pointed hat. Par. 14 – Parish priests are to prevent Christians from mixing with Jews in baths, taverns, and public drinking places. No Christian woman may serve in the home of a Jew. Jews may not hold public office. If a Jew has sexual relations with a Christian woman, he is to pay a fine, and she is to be whipped publicly.
5. Source	Stobbe, Die Juden in Deutschland, p. 176and Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 245.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 4, 1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Synod of Wroclaw"
3. Geography of Act	Poland
4. Text of Act	(1) Jews and Christians are forbidden to associate at the dance-halls, in the inns, or at the baths; (2) Jews are to wear a special cap when appearing in public; (3) a ditch or a fence was to separate the dwelling of a Jew from that of his Christian neighbor; (4) Christian nurses or day-laborers are forbidden to stay at night with their Jewish employers; (5) Jews are prohibited from dealing in provisions, especially in meat, "in order that they might not poison their Christian customers"; (6) Jews are ordered to keep their doors and windows closed on the occasion of every Christian procession; (7) only one Jewish house of worship was allowed in each town.
5. Source	“SILESIA:” Joseph Jacobs, Schulim Ochser; Jewishencyclopedia.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Similar to 1266 Synod held in Breslau

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by the Council of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Order issued by the Council of Vienna [Austria]: Canon 15- Since the Jews have become so arrogant […], we mandate that Jews have to be distinguished in their clothing from Christians and as a consequence have to resume wearing the horned hat they were accustomed to wear in these areas but stopped doing it because of their boldness.
5. Source	Scherer, Johann, Die rechtsverhaltnisse der Juden in den deutsch-osterreichischen landern, 1844, (The legal position of the Jews in the German-Austrian countries: With A Preface About The Principles: The Jewish legislation in Europe during the Middle Ages) page 332, Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 12, 1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Canonical Laws” issued by the Viennese Church Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Since the temerity of the Jews has greatly increased so that the purity of the Catholic faith has been sullied in [the minds] of many Christians, we determine […] that the Jews are to be distinguishable in their clothing from those of Christians […] and that the Jews who dwell in the district of pastors […] who would have otherwise enjoyed the contributions/income of the place if Christians had remained there, are to be forced to compensate them according to the decision of the Diocese […] also, they (Jews) are to pay [from the income] of their acres an entire tenth. Likewise, we prohibit all Christians in such provinces and the city of Prague and its diocese to take along Jews or Jewess to a meal or face punishment of excommunication, or to eat or drink with them, or to dance or jump (‘springen’) with them during their weddings, new-moon festivals, or games so that the Jews do not poison the Christians coincidentally (‘zufällig’) - whom they consider their enemies - with their deceptive machinations. […] They shall not argue/discuss with simpletons/simple people (‘Einfältigen’) the Catholic faith, nor hold back their sons and wives who turn to Christendom. […] They shall not visit sick Christians, or perform/practice medical procedures on them. […] They shall not build new synagogues and if they have done so, they are to remove them; they may restore old ones; however, they may not make them taller or prettier. […] We seriously admonish the princes themselves and their judges that they shall not protect the Jews in any way who want to disobey these [our] statutes; but that when they are assigned something by the prelates of the church, that they follow this obediently; in case they oppose [these statues] they shall know that they will be denied access to the church and participation in any sacred ceremonies. […]
5. Source	Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest); (Leipzig; 1845)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1267
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Meat Processing Ordinance, passed by the City Council and Mayor of Tulln
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[I]f any butcher buys an ox for a talent, a Jew will pay twenty-four denarii for the killing of it, without causing delay for the denarii. Also, for cattle which are bought for six solidi, a Jew will pay sixteen denarii for killing. Also, for cattle which are bought for half a talent, a Jew will pay twelve denarii. Also, for small animals, a Jew will pay two denarii, [but] for a lamb a Jew will pay one denarius.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 (Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Pp. 61f.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None