Acts – Page 20 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	5 Edward I, Membrane 13, 1277
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Power to John de Cobeham, Philip de Wileby, and William de Middleton, to tallage the Jews in the realm.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 211, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	5 Edward I, Membrane 11, 1277
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of John de Cobham, Philip de Wyleby and William de Middleton, to assess a tallage and levy it on the Jews of England as speedily as possible; with power to them to levy and collect such tallage on the goods, chattels and debts of any Jews back, and to compel those who rebel in this respect by exile or abjuration to pay their portions.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 215, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Rudolf I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the City of Laa an der Thaya
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 4. Moreover, we decree and proclaim that any Jew residing in the town, as well as any other Jews, may not hold any public office, but instead, as has been the custom, be excluded from public service.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 (Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 74.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate of Hesse
4. Text of Act	We, Rudolf, King of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God, […] accept the noble Siegfried von Runkel of the Imperial Castle (Reichsburg) Kalsmunt and grant him 100 Mark of Cologne Pennies (Kölner Pfennige) for his voluntary service to the Empire […]. To this end, We pledge Siegfried 10 Mark annually to be paid by Our Jews in Wetzlar […] until a payment of 100 Marks has been fully made to him or his successors […] for which Siegfried is to purchase goods. […].
5. Source	Neuwied, Fürstlich Wiedisches Archiv, 53-6-1, Nr. 2167, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Neuwied, Princely Archives of Wied, 53-6-1, No. 2167, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Archbishop Werner of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz/Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…We] Archbishop of Mainz and Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Empire of Germany, […] beseech Our Jews of Mainz to pay Our nobleman John (‘Iohannem’) Count of Sponheim ('Spanheym') 400 Mark of Cologne Pennies […] of which 100 Mark are to be paid to him on the next Bartholomew Day [August 24] and an additional 100 Mark on February 2 (‘Lichtmesstag’) and the remaining amount […] on the same days next year. […]
5. Source	Karlsruhe, GLA, 67/1340, fol. 387r, Abschr. (nach 1438), lat., Papier (“Karlsruhe, Generallandesarchiv, 67/1340, fol. 387r, Copy (after 1438), Latin, [on] Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“De Decanis” (“Of the Deans”) statues of the Provincial Council of Trier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] with regards to the Jews, the provisions are as follows: Priests must never pawn sacred objects with Jews, and monks not without the specific permission of the Archbishop. Literarily uneducated Priest are prohibited to dispute with Jews in front of a lay audience. Priest should forbid persons under them from taking/accepting any kind of healing (drinking) potions/medicine (Heiltrank) or any kind of remedy from Jews. In order to enforce this prohibition ‘The Noble Advocates,’ the territorial lords/local rulers (Landsherren) are also encourages to force Jews under the threat of penalty to neither engage in the healing arts (Heilkunst), nor to offer Christians a healing potions (Heiltrank). […] Furthermore, Jews are strictly prohibited from demanding anything in access of the capital of the loan or to demand interest in case of a delayed payment; also, they are not to sell their goods more expensively due to any delays [in payment] [and Christians are prohibited] from investing with 'Kawertschen' (class of money lenders) and Jews for the sake of a gain."
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 2 (Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 2).
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The oldest preserved manuscript from the 14th century, as well as the older editions, date the year of the statue at 1227 or earlier. However, in their editions, due to the mention of the Second Council of Lyons (1274), Blatau, Marténe and Durant have decided to move the date to 1277. n their opinion, an L had failed in the date data. Of course, the revision was scarcely accepted until very recently; for example, Rösch, Wucher (1994), Schreckenberg, Adversus-Judaeos – Text 3 (1994) etc. also take 1327 into account. Arens (1912), compares the statue with other councils and takes into account the respective historical context. The conclusion is that 1277 has the highest probability, although, later additions have, of course, been added to the manuscript. Furthermore, he was the first to recognize that the dating (March 1) would be able the year 1278 due to the Trier style. This dating is the preferred here. This approach is followed by Pixton, Espiscopacy (1995) and Johanek Statues (1998).

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Rudolf I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the citizens of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 3. None of the Jews are Officials. In order to be faithful to the Catholic principles, we repel the Jews from public office, so that under no pretext of government they may oppress any Christians, since from earliest time, imperial authority has condemned the Jews to eternal servitude for their crime.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 [Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338]. Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 76.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	6 Edward I, Membrane 9, 1278
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of Joseph de Chauncy, the treasurer, John de Cobeham and Philip de Willegheby, to levy without delay the arrears of the great tallage assessed on the commonality of the Jews of England in 2 Edward I. by the said treasurer.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 273, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 15, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	6 Edward I, Membrane 8, 1278
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of Joseph de Channey … Walter de Helyun, John de Cobehan and Philip de Wileby to assess a tallage on the commonality of the Jews of England as quickly as possible; they are to levy it on the goods, chattels and debts of the Jews aforesaid, and to compel by exile and abjuration of the realm rebellious Jews to pay the said tallage
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, druLondon, 1901, p. 274, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 4, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Vineam Soreth,” Papal Bull issued by Pope Nicholas III
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	summon [the Jews] to sermons where they live, in large and small groups, repeatedly, as many times as you may think beneficial. Inform them of evangelical doctrines with salutary warnings and discreet reasonings.
5. Source	Franco, Sebastian & Dalmazzo, Henrico (eds.). Bullarum: diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum taurinensis, Volume 4. Turin, Italy, (Diplomatic Bulls and Privileges of the Holy Roman Pontiffs -Torino Edition) 1859, p. 45.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria and Italy

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 14, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Reinhard von Hanau, his son Ulrich and Werner and Philipp von Falkenstein
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate of Hesse
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Assenheim are to pay us 14 Marks of Aachener Pennies (Aachener Pfennige) annually. […]
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, B 9, Nr. 10, Orig., lat., Perg.; (Darmstadt, State Archive, B 9, No. 10, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The Jews of Assenheim were pledged to the above Lords by King Rudolph I for a debt in the amount of 300 Marks.

1. Full Date of Act	1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews ordered to attend sermons delivered by Dominican Friars
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The object was to increase the number of converts." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 22
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	7 Edward I. Membrane 6d, 1279
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Whereas the king is given to understand that certain Jews of his realm have not and do not fear to blaspheme the catholic faith and the church sacraments; the king wishing, as befits a catholic prince, to repress such blasphemies, wills that no Jew shall presume to blaspheme in such manner hereafter,… The king wills that this shall be publicly proclaimed in all places of the realm in which the Jews dwell, and that no Jew shall presume to do or say these things under peril of life and limb. If any notorious blasphemer be found,… the king wills every such shall be punished according to what has been wont to be done in such cases upon other occasions. … The king wills that Jewish women shall henceforth bear a sign on their outer (superiori) garment as Jewish men do; and that Jews shall not from henceforth have Christian servants, male or female, dwelling with them in any services either in their own houses or in other houses in the cities and places where the Jews dwell, but the Jews shall serve and minister to one another in all things, and this shall be enjoined everywhere upon Christians and Jews under grievous forfeiture.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Close Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1279,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1900, p. 565.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	May 27, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons of the Council of Avignon
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	VI. Jews must wear a prominent sign on their garments. They may have no Christian wet nurses or maidservants, nor may they sell their meats to Christians. During Lent, they are not to consume meat publicly. They are to avoid processions. Disobedience will be punished by indirect excommunication.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 251.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Researcher “Indirect excommunication” referred to the practice of cutting Jews off from any dealings with the Christian community, by way of threatening the Christians with excommunication for any contact with a Jew thus boycotted.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Edict" issued by King Rudolph I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Switzerland
4. Text of Act	King Rudolph (Rudolf) I of Habsburg demands […] 84 Marks Sterling - which he owes Bertgram and Gottschalk of Ahaus (‘Berthrammi et Gotschalci de Ahusen’) - to be paid by the entire community of the Jews of Dortmund, his chamber-servants (‘universi judei Tremonienses camdere sue servitores’) […] and to surrender the amount as a tax payment to the Mayor Dietrich ('Ditricus scultetus Tremoniensis') […]. In return, the Jews are to be free of this tax starting the following Saint Martin's Day until the following Easter festival and from then on for another year. […]
5. Source	Dortmund, StadtA, Urkunde Nr. 45, Orig. (Kriegsverlust), lat., Perg. ("Dortmund, City Archive, Certificate/Official Document, No. 45, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper");
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons of the Council at Buda (Ofen)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Hungary
4. Text of Act	par. 125. Jews must wear a circle of red cloth on the left breast of their outer garments to avoid possible dangers to Christians. – par. 126. Jews may not hold public office or be entrusted with the collection of tolls, etc.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 250.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 6, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	7 Edward I, Membrane 3, 1279
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant to the bailiffs and good men of Huntington of pontage for three years from St. Martin in winter, 7 Edward I, including amongst other customs, on every Jew or Jewess crossing the bridge on horseback 1d., on foot ½ d.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 331, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statutes of the Council of Poitiers (1280)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“VI. No Christian nurses may serve within the homes of Jews on pain of a fine of 50 solidi, three quarters of which is to be donated to the poor. To make it more difficult to lend at usury, no cleric may write or seal loan contracts for Jews. Christians are not to lend to Jews at interest. Christians are not to partake of Jewish foods or medicines, nor are they to take money at usury from Jews, except in cases of necessity, and in the presence of witnesses. Otherwise, they will pay a fine of 50 solidi, three quarters of which will be donated to the poor.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 252.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Knight Gerhard Scherfgin (Gerardus Scherfgin)
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] allot to our son, Henricus, […] a pension of six Cologne Marks [annually] which is to be paid by the Jews.”
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln 2, Nr. 198, S. 162-167 (“Sources on the History of the City of Cologne 2, No. 198, p. 162-167”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Gerhard had been a member of the Schöffenkolleg (entity permitted to issue legislations in the city of Cologne) since 1259, and was according to Groten one of the most famous knights of his time.

1. Full Date of Act	May 26, 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	8 Edward I, Membrane 17, 1280
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Whereas the king believes that the conversion of Jewish depravity to the Catholic faith would specially be to the increase of faith and worship of the name of Christ, he therefore, in order that those who have already turned from their blindness to the light of the Church may be strengthened in the firmness of their faith, and those who still persist in their error may more willingly and readily turn to the grace of the faith, has taken measures, under divine guidance, to provide healthfully for their maintenance
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 371-372, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	May 29, 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Esslinger City Law” issued by the City of Esslingen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may only accept pledges during the day but never at night ('nimmer by der nacht') […] Jews are prohibited to accept broken chalices and bloody garments […] When a stolen item is seized outside of the Jew’s home, the rightful owner may take and keep it and the Jew loses the item and any claim on the [potential] damage.] […] When a Christian citizen sues a Jew and an oath is required of him (Jew), the Jew has six weeks to take the oath. If a guest/outside/foreigner ('gast') sues a Jew, the Jew must take the oath immediately. […] The meat of animals, which have been slaughtered by Jews, must hang in front of the huts ('sol vor den huten hangen') so-long the mayor/city lord ('Stadtherr') and the citizens permit this. […] Excluded is the sale of meat that has been tainted with the eggs of tapeworms and the meat of nanny and billy goats. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, A 4, Bü 41, Abschr. (1535), dt., Perg. (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, A 4, Bü 41, Copy (1535), German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial Cities of Esslingen, Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Alfonso the Wise
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Alfonso the Wise took offense at Jews not when he was gathering power, but when he began to lose it. Toward the end of his reign, he was betrayed by his son Sancho, who led a revolt against him (1280-1281). Alfonso's fierce reaction included an apparently out-of-the-blue attack on the very Jews with whom he had been so intimate. ...Jews of Toledo were imprisoned in their own synagogues. The wealthiest among them were made to pay exorbitant ransoms. Many were tortured and forced to convert.” James Carroll: “Constantine’s Sword.” p. 328 2) “Alfonso X ordered the imprisonment of the Jews in their synagogues, from which they were not to be released until the community paid him a special tax. Notables of the community remained in prison for many months. Attempts were even made there to convert them and several were executed.” Haim Beinart: "Toledo.”
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 10, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Permission Granted” by King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	We Rudolf, King of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God, […] grant the Mayor (Schultheißen) […] - for his loyalty and service - permission to charge every Jew who is currently residing in Frankfurt or who will find residence there in the future, 1 Mark until this permission is withdrawn. […]
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 1, Nr. 442, S. 213 f.;Codex Diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus, S. 202. (“Certificate Book of Frankfurt 1, No, 442, p. 213 f.; Diplomatic Codex Moenofrancofurtanus”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This document was issued and signed in Vienna.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 4, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Rudolf I, King of Germany, for the City and Diocese of Regensburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Let it be known that the Jews of the City and Diocese of Regensburg shall not disobey the Honorable Bishop Heinrich of Regensburg in any way, nor resist his command, namely, ‘that Jews shall stay inside their homes during Eastertime, keep their doors and windows shut, and refrain from appearing in the lanes and streets in mockery of the Christian faith’ – and that they shall furthermore, in this regard, obey reverently all commands of the Bishop and his successors.
5. Source	Fürst, Julius. Urkunden zur Geschichte der Juden [Documents on the History of the Jews]. Hunger: Leipzig, 1844. Page 40.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 21, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull from Martin IV to the archbishops and bishops of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	From our beloved sons, the Inquisitors of the depraved heretics, it has been brought to our attention that some of these depraved heretics – guilty, suspected, or accused – had converted from Judaism to the Catholic faith, later apostatized, and sought refuge in churches, not to find salvation, but to escape the hands of the Inquisitors, and to avoid punishment for their crime; above which they implored the Apostolic See for protection. We therefore, to extirpate these enemies of the orthodox faith – these weeds so noxious and so pestiferous that they must be plucked out by the root from the garden of the Lord – give these Inquisitors our written mandate, that they execute their duties freely against such converted Jews, who later became apostates from the faith, whether they seek refuge in churches, or in lesser places. I command your brotherhood that you shall not impede the Inquisitors, but give them every possible aid, as the opportunity arises.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 151.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None