Acts – Page 21 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 20, 1274
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	2 Edward I, Membrane 5, 1274
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of Stephen de Foleburn, Adam de Stratton and William de Middleton to levy the arrears of the tallage on the king’s Jews in England, with power to levy them on the on the goods and debts of defaulting Jews, and of compelling Jews who are rebellious or contradictory in this behalf, by exile or abjuration of the realm, to pay their portions.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 61, available from books.google.com
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 1, 1274
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	2 Edward I, Membrane 3, 1274
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	If any Jew fail to pay on the day appointed him, they shall cause him to leave the realm with his wife and children except those children that are in tallage and have paid; and they shall assign such laws Jews to the port of Dover within three days after the day of payment to depart never to return, their lands, houses, rents and all the goods of them and theirs to be saved to the king. And if any, after the said third day, be found elsewhere in the realm except at Dover, let judgement be done upon him as upon one carrying away the king’s own goods.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 63, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	1275
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statute of Jewry” issued by King Edward I
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	…The King hath ordained and established that from henceforth no Jew shall lend anything at usury either upon land or upon rent or upon other thing….And that each Jew after he shall be seven years old, shall wear a badge on his outer garment…in the form of two tables joined of yellow fait of the length of six inches and of the breadth of three inches. And that each one, after he shall be twelve years old pay three pence yearly at Easter of tax to the King…
5. Source	“Statutum de Judeismo 1275.” No author, Accessed online 11/1/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 12, 1275
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	3 Edward I, Membrane 33, 1275
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant to Eleanor, the king's mother, that no Jew shall dwell or stay in any towns which she holds in dower.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 76, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Joshua Angrave (Goodwin)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 16, 1275
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Removal of Jewish Communities from certain Towns to Others, decreed by King Edward I of England
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	By writ of the lord the King directed to the justices in these words: — Whereas by our letters patent we have granted to our dearest mother, Eleanor, Queen of England, that no Jew shall dwell or stay in any towns which she holds in dower by assignment of the lord King Henry, our father, and of ourself, within our realm, so long as the same towns be in her hand; and for this cause we have provided that the Jews of Marlborough be transferred to our town of Devizes, the Jews of Gloucester to our town of Bristol, the Jews of Worcester to our town of Hereford, and the Jews of Cambridge to our city of Norwich, with their Chirograph Chests, and with all their goods, and that henceforth they dwell and stay in the aforesaid towns and city among the rest of our Jews there: We command you that you cause the aforesaid Jews of Marlborough, Gloucester, Worcester and Cambridge to be removed from those towns, without doing any damage to them in respect of their persons or their goods, and to transfer themselves to the places aforesaid with their Chirograph Chests, as safely to our use as you shall think it may be done. Witness myself at Clarendon on the 16th day of January in the third year of our reign. The sheriffs of the counties aforesaid, and the constables, are ordered to cause the aforesaid Jews to be transferred to the places aforesaid.
5. Source	English Economic History: Select Documents, Edited by Alfred Edward Bland, Richard Henry Tawney. Macmillan: New York, 1919. p. 50, Accessed online
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1275
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Friedberg
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews are to pay 130 Marks of Cologne Pennies (Kölner Pfennige) annually to the castle garrison (state) ('Burgmannschaft') after which We release them from any other monetary contribution of any kind for all times. In the event that any of the Jews die or move out of Friedberg, the burggrave is to consider and discuss the admission of new Jews. These must, [however], possess sufficient financial resources to contribute to the taxes of the castle. […].
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, A 3 Nr. 111/6, Orig., Perg. (Darmstadt, City Archive, a 3 No. 111/6, Original, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The text determines that this law is to go into effect in three years, since the king had already exempted the Jews from all taxes for three years in a previous ordinance.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 9, 1276
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	City Charter, issued by Rudolf I, King of Germany, for the City of Augsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. XIX. 4. When a Jew takes collateral, and a Christian disputes the amount or repayment terms of the loan, the Jew shall reduce the debt of the Christian by the value of the collateral. 5. If a Jew takes a horse as collateral, he shall feed the animal and care for it; if anything happens to the horse, it shall be the Jew’s loss [not the borrower’s]. 7. No Jew shall lend against sacred garments, chalices, or any other items belonging to the church. 8. No Jew shall take more interest than two phennings per half-pound per week. 11. If a Jew is found lying [in bed] with a Christianess, both of them shall be burned. 13. Any Jewish butcher shall kill the animals himself, be they cow, sheep or calf; and that which he does not want, on account of the peculiar stomachs of the Jews, shall be sold by a Jew, not a Christian, and this [meat-selling] Jew shall be wearing a Jew-hat. 14. Jews shall bathe separately from Christians.
5. Source	Meyer, Christian. Das Stadtbuch von Augsburg, insbesondere das Stadtrecht vom Jahre 1276 (The Municipal Records Book of Augsburg, especially the City Charter of 1276). Butsch: Augsburg, 1872, p. 52.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 12, 1276
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Decision” issued by King Rudolf I [of Habsburg]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz
4. Text of Act	Rudolf [Rudolphus], King of the Romans by the grace of God, […] loans Raugrave* Rupert for his oath of loyalty and his service to the empire, five Jews to keep in Altenbamberg or any of his fortified areas and the fees that are extorted from them […]. Should any of these Jews emigrate or die, Rupert may replace them with others. The King reserves the right to redeem/repurchase the Jews for the sum of 300 Marks of Cologne Pennies, […] for which (money) the Raugrave may acquire property, which he will then henceforth hold as a loan of the empire ('Reichslehnen'). […]
5. Source	Wiesbaden, HStA, Abt. 168a, Nr. 6, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Wiesbaden, Main-State Archive, Department 168a, No. 6, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The Raugraves were members of a well-known German nobility.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 13, 1276
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons issued by the Council of Bourges
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	XIV. Lords are to specify those locations in which Jews may or may not dwell, thus to prevent them from fraudulently deceiving Christians.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 287.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1276
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Rudolf I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the citizens of Tulln
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 23. Furthermore, we decree and wish it to be carried out, that any of the Jews who reside in this town, are not allowed to charge more than a penny on the shilling, by way of weekly interest.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 (Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 69.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 4, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of King Rudolf I [of Habsburg]
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews are to be [regarded as] Our ‘chamber-servants’ ['Kammerknechte'] […] and under the immediate reign of the empire.
5. Source	Prince Lichnowsky: Geschichte König Rudolfs des Ersten und seiner Ahnen; (Wien, 1836); (History of King Rudolf the First and his Heirs); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovenia, Switzerland Researcher This ordinance ensured that Jews could be taxed and/or levied according to the king's whim, and that all revenues would flow into the royal treasury. It did not in any way, however, protect Jews from arbitrary treatments as ownership of them were pledged or pawned off regularly.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 25, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Rudolf (of Habsburg)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Oppenheim
4. Text of Act	[…] Our Jews of Oppenheim […] are to pay our Burgmann (‘lord of the castle’) and knight Hertwino of Albich […] 50 Mark of Aachen Pennies. Hertwino is to receive 5 Mark annually on St. Martin’s Day until the 50 Mark have been paid off to him or his heirs. […]
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, C1 A, Nr. 133, fol. 37r, Abschr. (15. Jh.), lat., Papier.(Darmstadt, City Archive, C1 A, No. 133, fol. 37r, Copy (15th Cen[tury]); Latin, [on] Paper)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 24, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	5 Edward I, Membrane 13d, 1277
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commission to Hugh de Digneneton to enquire of the names of all Jews, to enquire and view in what cities, boroughs and towns they dwell, and whether they wear their badges and comport themselves according to the form of the provision lately made with the common council of the realm [Statutes of the Realm, I. p. 221 [Statute of Jewry 1275]], to wit, that all Jews shall dwell in the king’s own cities and boroughs wherein chests of chirographers of the Jews are wont to be, that every Jew after the age of seven shall wear a badge in the form of two tablets of yellow felt, six inches long by three wide, on his outer garment, and that every Jew, male or female, after the age of twelve, shall pay 3d. a year for chevage; and the constable of the Tower of London is to be attendant upon him in all shrievalties.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 240, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	5 Edward I, Membrane 13, 1277
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Power to John de Cobeham, Philip de Wileby, and William de Middleton, to tallage the Jews in the realm.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 211, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	5 Edward I, Membrane 11, 1277
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of John de Cobham, Philip de Wyleby and William de Middleton, to assess a tallage and levy it on the Jews of England as speedily as possible; with power to them to levy and collect such tallage on the goods, chattels and debts of any Jews back, and to compel those who rebel in this respect by exile or abjuration to pay their portions.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 215, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Rudolf I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the City of Laa an der Thaya
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 4. Moreover, we decree and proclaim that any Jew residing in the town, as well as any other Jews, may not hold any public office, but instead, as has been the custom, be excluded from public service.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 (Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 74.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate of Hesse
4. Text of Act	We, Rudolf, King of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God, […] accept the noble Siegfried von Runkel of the Imperial Castle (Reichsburg) Kalsmunt and grant him 100 Mark of Cologne Pennies (Kölner Pfennige) for his voluntary service to the Empire […]. To this end, We pledge Siegfried 10 Mark annually to be paid by Our Jews in Wetzlar […] until a payment of 100 Marks has been fully made to him or his successors […] for which Siegfried is to purchase goods. […].
5. Source	Neuwied, Fürstlich Wiedisches Archiv, 53-6-1, Nr. 2167, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Neuwied, Princely Archives of Wied, 53-6-1, No. 2167, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1277
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Archbishop Werner of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz/Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…We] Archbishop of Mainz and Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Empire of Germany, […] beseech Our Jews of Mainz to pay Our nobleman John (‘Iohannem’) Count of Sponheim ('Spanheym') 400 Mark of Cologne Pennies […] of which 100 Mark are to be paid to him on the next Bartholomew Day [August 24] and an additional 100 Mark on February 2 (‘Lichtmesstag’) and the remaining amount […] on the same days next year. […]
5. Source	Karlsruhe, GLA, 67/1340, fol. 387r, Abschr. (nach 1438), lat., Papier (“Karlsruhe, Generallandesarchiv, 67/1340, fol. 387r, Copy (after 1438), Latin, [on] Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“De Decanis” (“Of the Deans”) statues of the Provincial Council of Trier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] with regards to the Jews, the provisions are as follows: Priests must never pawn sacred objects with Jews, and monks not without the specific permission of the Archbishop. Literarily uneducated Priest are prohibited to dispute with Jews in front of a lay audience. Priest should forbid persons under them from taking/accepting any kind of healing (drinking) potions/medicine (Heiltrank) or any kind of remedy from Jews. In order to enforce this prohibition ‘The Noble Advocates,’ the territorial lords/local rulers (Landsherren) are also encourages to force Jews under the threat of penalty to neither engage in the healing arts (Heilkunst), nor to offer Christians a healing potions (Heiltrank). […] Furthermore, Jews are strictly prohibited from demanding anything in access of the capital of the loan or to demand interest in case of a delayed payment; also, they are not to sell their goods more expensively due to any delays [in payment] [and Christians are prohibited] from investing with 'Kawertschen' (class of money lenders) and Jews for the sake of a gain."
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 2 (Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 2).
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The oldest preserved manuscript from the 14th century, as well as the older editions, date the year of the statue at 1227 or earlier. However, in their editions, due to the mention of the Second Council of Lyons (1274), Blatau, Marténe and Durant have decided to move the date to 1277. n their opinion, an L had failed in the date data. Of course, the revision was scarcely accepted until very recently; for example, Rösch, Wucher (1994), Schreckenberg, Adversus-Judaeos – Text 3 (1994) etc. also take 1327 into account. Arens (1912), compares the statue with other councils and takes into account the respective historical context. The conclusion is that 1277 has the highest probability, although, later additions have, of course, been added to the manuscript. Furthermore, he was the first to recognize that the dating (March 1) would be able the year 1278 due to the Trier style. This dating is the preferred here. This approach is followed by Pixton, Espiscopacy (1995) and Johanek Statues (1998).

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Rudolf I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the citizens of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 3. None of the Jews are Officials. In order to be faithful to the Catholic principles, we repel the Jews from public office, so that under no pretext of government they may oppress any Christians, since from earliest time, imperial authority has condemned the Jews to eternal servitude for their crime.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 [Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338]. Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 76.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	6 Edward I, Membrane 9, 1278
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of Joseph de Chauncy, the treasurer, John de Cobeham and Philip de Willegheby, to levy without delay the arrears of the great tallage assessed on the commonality of the Jews of England in 2 Edward I. by the said treasurer.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 273, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 15, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	6 Edward I, Membrane 8, 1278
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Appointment of Joseph de Channey … Walter de Helyun, John de Cobehan and Philip de Wileby to assess a tallage on the commonality of the Jews of England as quickly as possible; they are to levy it on the goods, chattels and debts of the Jews aforesaid, and to compel by exile and abjuration of the realm rebellious Jews to pay the said tallage
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Prepared under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records. Edward I. A.D. 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, druLondon, 1901, p. 274, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 4, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Vineam Soreth,” Papal Bull issued by Pope Nicholas III
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	summon [the Jews] to sermons where they live, in large and small groups, repeatedly, as many times as you may think beneficial. Inform them of evangelical doctrines with salutary warnings and discreet reasonings.
5. Source	Franco, Sebastian & Dalmazzo, Henrico (eds.). Bullarum: diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum taurinensis, Volume 4. Turin, Italy, (Diplomatic Bulls and Privileges of the Holy Roman Pontiffs -Torino Edition) 1859, p. 45.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria and Italy

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 14, 1278
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Reinhard von Hanau, his son Ulrich and Werner and Philipp von Falkenstein
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate of Hesse
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Assenheim are to pay us 14 Marks of Aachener Pennies (Aachener Pfennige) annually. […]
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, B 9, Nr. 10, Orig., lat., Perg.; (Darmstadt, State Archive, B 9, No. 10, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The Jews of Assenheim were pledged to the above Lords by King Rudolph I for a debt in the amount of 300 Marks.

1. Full Date of Act	1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews ordered to attend sermons delivered by Dominican Friars
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The object was to increase the number of converts." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 22
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None