Acts – Page 21 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1282
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Archbishop of Canterbury
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) John Pectin, Archbishop of Canterbury, orders all London synagogues to close and prohibits Jewish physicians from practicing on Christians. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Windsor in 1283
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Simon de Montfort ... issued an edict expelling the Jews from his home city of Leicester. This proved to be the start of a host of expulsions from various cities and towns - ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 18
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 15, 1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“City Law of Eisenbach” confirmed* by Landgrave Albrecht von Thuringia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 34) Also, if a stolen item was pledged/pawned off or sold to a Jew, he (Jew) is to swear that he did not know anything about the theft and take back the money without interests and return the pledge/pawn. 35) Also, in the event of a dispute over the loan amount or the repayment period, the Jew may keep his money, unless the Christian debtor can convict him with a Christian and Jewish witness. […]
5. Source	Eisenbach, StadtA, 21.1, fol. 1-14, zu Juden 5v und 12v-13, Abschr. 16 Jh., lat., und 17./18. Jh., dt. [A], dt.und lat.; (“Eisenbach City Archive, 21.1, fol. 1-14, about Jews 5v and 12v-13, Copy 16th Century, Latin, and 17th/18th Century, German [A], German and Latin”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher These laws were given to the city by Albrecht’s uncle Heinrich but were officially confirmed by Albrecht. *Regarding the date: The articles of law (34-36) which refer to Jews may have been added after August 15, 1283; though it is unclear when.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 13, 1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion of Jews from Windsor, Calendar of the Close Rolls from the reign of Edward I
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	To Geoffrey de Picheford, constable of Windsor castle. Order to cause to be removed from that town certain Jews who have entered it and who inhabit it, without doing injury to their bodies or goods, as, according to the custom of the king's Jewry, his Jews ought not to dwell in other cities, boroughs or towns than in those wherein there is a chest of the chirographers of the Jews and wherein they were wont from old time to dwell, and certain Jews have entered that town, wherein there is no chest of chirographers and no Jew was wont to dwell therein of old time.
5. Source	Calendar of the Close Rolls: Edward I, A.D. 1279-1288, archive.gov, page 241
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jews required to wear a patch"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Council of Nimes orders Jews to wear a round patch "The Gospel of Rome: Part 24: Anti-Semitism Within Roman Catholicism;" sohmer.net
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes from the Saint Pöltener Diocese Synod/Council” compiled under the authority of Bishop Gottfried of Passau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Passau
4. Text of Act	[…] Excommunication Of Christians Serving Jews: Since the Jews have long been prohibited to keep Christians servants (‘mancipia’)*, the ministers and other church leaders shall announce [give warning of] excommunicating [wet-]nurses and other servants of Jews on Sundays in places where Jews have settled. Also, a warning is to be given to Christians who invest their money with Jews or receive/accept usury/interests from them - like the Jews who lend their money for [the purpose of] of usury/interests. […]
5. Source	Lilienfeld, Stiftsarchiv, Cod. 118, fol. 132v-138r, Abschr. (13. Jh.), lat.; (“Lilienfeld Stift Archive, Cod. 118, fol. 132v-138r, Copy (13th Cent.), Latin”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The broad meaning of ‘mancipia’ used here in the Latin text can imply a status of ‘bondage or slavery;’ however, in the present context, it is clearly used to mean ‘staff and servants.’

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 16, 1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of 1284"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Also, since Christian rights are forbidden and prohibitted to the Jews, we determine and warn that the parish priests and other ecclesiastical leaders command that all those of the Catholic faith, Jewish nurses and servants be excommunicated whenever they are found in Jewish homes on the day of the Lord. Furthermore, they should denounce all other Christians who profitably place their money with the Jews or receive loans from the Jews, or like the Jews lend their own money.
5. Source	sunt haec apud S. Hippolytum anno Domini millesimo ducentesimo octuagesimo quarto XVI. kal. Aprilis.,
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Ziba Shadjaani Translator Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of Legnica"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[C. 32:] Unless the Jews return money that they were given...they shall be checked by a censure of the church. ... [C. 33:] We also order that none of the Jews should dare to keep holy objects or books."
5. Source	Antiquissimae Constitutiones Synodales: Provinciae Gneznesis, C. 32-33, 177-8Researched and
6. Researcher & Translator	Researcher Ziba Shadjaani Translator Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2015 Translation 2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Laws/Statues" under the Chairman of Archbishop Jakob II Swinka of Gniezno
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Gniezno; Present-day Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] Furthermore, we order that no one should dare to deposit sacred [liturgical] books with Jews or pledge them in any way, except in severe distress (emergencies/plight) and only with the permission of the prelates."
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 3a (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 3a”).
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Constitutional provision issued by Pope Honorius IV for the Kingdom of Sicily
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Article 16. That the Jews, who are vassals of the church, shall not be entrusted with public office, but neither shall they be made to suffer oppressive burdens of the curtailment of their rights.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 155.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Sancho IV of Castile
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Apart from the provisions of the Ordinances, it is significant to note the fact that in 1286 Sancho IV added provisions for the Council of Oviedo to prohibit Jews from having a separate magistrate, and subjected them to the same magistrates who hear cases of the other residents of the city.” “Oviedo’s Ordinances.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Declaration by King Rudolph I"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Kind Rudolph I calls Jews his "chamber servants" [implying that they are unfree and that he has complete jurisdiction over them]." "Menorah. Fünfter Jahrgang - Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft... (1927) ;" uibk.ac.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 22, 1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	We Rudolf, King of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God, […] pledge 2o Mark Cologne Pennies (Kölner Pfennige) to Duke Adolf von Nassau and his legitimate heirs to be paid by the Jews who are currently residing in Frankfurt […]. The[se] taxes are to be paid annually by the Jews to the count and his heir on Christmas until the sum of 200 Marks has been fully made […]. […] with the payment of this sum, Adolf is to purchase goods which will then serve as eternal loans to Kalsmunt […].
5. Source	Pommersfelden, Gräflich Schönbornsche Bibliothek, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Pommersfelden, “Gräflich Schönbornsche Bibliothek” ([Special] Library near Bamberg); Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 30, 1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal letter from Pope Honorius IV to the Archbishop of Canterbury and his suffragans
3. Geography of Act	Present-day United Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Too freely has the damnable Jewish distortion of faith loosened its reins in English lands—as we have heard—by outrageous actions and horrible works insulting to our Creator and detrimental to the Catholic faith. Jews are said to possess a certain book, composed with malicious deceit, which they commonly refer to as Talmud, and which contains abominations, falsifications, faithless and abusive matter of all sorts. They study this book constantly, devoting themselves with depraved solicitude to this nefarious document, and they condemn their own sons, from a tender age, to this death-dealing study. They stuff them with this poisonous diet, never fearing to inform and instruct them that the contents of this book are more to be believed than that which is set forth in the Law of Moses, in order that their sons might turn their backs on the Son of God, fleeing him through the byways of faithlessness and never approaching the path of truth. Moreover, the Jews try to attract to their sect not only faithful Christians, but by means of inducements, they even approach those who have become converts to Christianity. Indeed, they dwell with them obscenely and publicly in the very parishes where they have been baptized, thus scandalizing the faithful and bringing contumely on the Christian faith. These people are then sent to other places, where they are unknown, and there they openly revert to Judaism. The Jews also criminally invite the orthodox to worship with them on Sabbaths and holidays in the synagogues. There, these Christians show reverence to the parchment scrolls of the Jews; and thus, many of them Judaize no less than the Jews themselves. The Jews employ Christian domestics, upon whom they impose on Sundays and holidays the very servile labors from which they should abstain on those days. The Jews also employ Christians in their homes as nurses and governesses for their children, and as a result, opportunities arise for sexual intermingling. There are also Christians and Jews who frequent one another's homes, eating and drinking together, thus preparing the soil for error. In their daily prayers, the Jews curse Christians and commit other evils which are an offense to God and result in injury to Christian souls. Although the English clergy had frequently been urged to take steps to remedy these matters it had not done so. A dangerous sickness like this, however, must not be neglected, for it will only grow worse. The use of spiritual and temporal penalties to bring a halt to these excesses is ordered, as well as other methods, including fit and proper verbal exhortations. How successful you are in this endeavor, you will intimate to us fully, by way of letters.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 157.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 6, 1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	We Rudolf, king of the Romans by the grace of God, […] confirm Our comprehensive claim over the Jews who are to be considered as servants of the royal chamber and of the Princes and Lords [of the Empire] who have received the former from Us as fiefs – especially the fugitives. We transfer the unrestricted authority over the legacy/estates (Hinterlassenschaft) of the Jews who have fled [the cities of] Speyer, Worms, Oppenheim, Mainz and Wetternau, to the Our most dear and venerable Archbishop H[enry] II of Mainz and Duke E[berhart] I of Katzenelnborgen. […]
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Mainzer Urkunden 3441, Orig., lat., Perg. (Würzburg, City Archive, Official Records of Mainz 3441, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This document was issued and signed in the city of Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 8, 1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Rudolf of Habsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz/Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[We] Rudolf, king of the Romans by the grace of God, inform the Jews that they are Our chamber-servants and belong to us or to the princes to whom we have loaned them to […]. Therefore, it is only fair and reasonable, that We or the aforementioned lords, should procure the possessions of those Jews who have left Our and their dominions without permission […]. In order to punish these Jews for violating the law, We shall take and utilize – with [Our] confidence in the prudence and loyalty of the Archbishop of Mainz and the Count of Katzenbogen – all the possession of such Jews from Speyer, Worms, Oppenheim, Mainz, and Wetternau […]. The Jews of Mainz are hereby ordered to obey the Archbishop and the Count in this matter, and to support them if they do not want to be subject to our indignation and fall out of Our grace. […]
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Mainzer Urkunden 1049, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Würzburg, State Archive, Official Documents of Mainz 1049, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	King Edward I
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "When King Henry III died in 1272, King Edward I ascended the throne and faced increasing pressure from indebted aristocrats to end Jewish money-lending. In 1287, he ordered England’s Jews to pay an enormous tax of 20,000 marks to the crown. In Winchester, the entire Jewish community was imprisoned in Winchester Castle until the onerous tax was raised." Dr. Yvette Alt Miller, "The Most Famous Jewish Woman in Medieval England," aish.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews were expelled from Gascony." "The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal. King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7) [The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500. Volume 69];" history.ac.uk
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 16, 1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons issued by the Synod of Exeter
3. Geography of Act	Present-day United Kingdom
4. Text of Act	XLIX. Christian women are not to serve in the homes of Jews: Consorting with evil corrupts the good. Jews are to hold no public office, build no new synagogues, share no food in common with Christians, provide them with no medicines, nor are they to appear in public at Eastertime. They are furthermore to wear two woolen tablets of another color (than that of their clothing) sewn on their breasts, which are minimally to be two digits wide and four long. Jews are also to pay the tithes on their homes, which Christian owners would otherwise be paying.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 257.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ issued by Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Rudolf promises Gerlach von Limburg 300 Mark silver as Burgmann* of Kalsmunt and pledges the Jews of Limburg to him until [this sum] is paid off.
5. Source	Ficker, Julius (Prof.): Die Überreste des Deutschen Reichs-Archivs zu Pisa. (Wien; 1855); (The remains of the German imperial archive in Pisa.); (Vienna; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *A Burgmann (literally: man-of-the-castle) was a title of nobility. The above a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 9, 1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by Emperor Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[… we transfer] all the Jewry – our chamber servants - in Thuringia, the Margrave of/and Meissen (‘universos judeos, nostre camere servos in partibus Thuringie, Marchie et misnensis’) [to be] under the protection and rule of the Archbishop Henry III, so that you (Jews) and everyone should serve and obey the Archbishop […] any rebel found among you […] let them know that they are arousing royal disapproval […] [in which case] the Archbishop may restrict such obstinacy with all the power of the kingdom [… and] all decisions and punishments over the rebels shall have the same [legal] power as if they had come from us. […]
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Mainz Domkapital, Urkunde 1287 Mai 9, Orig., lat. (“Würzburg State Archive, Document of Mainz Cathedral Chapter 1287 May 9, Orig[inal], Latin”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 15, 1287
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Pawning off of Jews” order issued by King Rudolf I [of Habsburg]
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	We, King Rudolf […] transfer regiment of the Jews of Thüringen to Archbishop Henry [Heinrich] of Mainz.
5. Source	Prince Lichnowsky: Geschichte König Rudolfs des Ersten und seiner Ahnen; (Wien, 1836); (History of King Rudolf the First and his Heirs); (Vienna; 1836); p. CXVI.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovenia, Switzerland

1. Full Date of Act	1288
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statutes of the Synod of Arles (at Lille) (1288)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“XII., Item VI. Jews are to wear unlike signs on their breasts. They are not to have Christian nurses, partake of foods in common with Christians, or appear in public at Eastertime.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 258.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 7, 1288
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal to the Papal Inquisitors, issued by Pope Nicholas IV
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	One must proceed against Christians who adopt or revert to the rites of the Jews, even if they were originally baptized as infants or under fear of death—although they were not absolutely or precisely compelled to baptism—as one would proceed against heretics who had confessed or been convicted on the testimony of Christians or Jews. One should proceed against abettors, receivers, and defenders of these people as one proceeds against abettors, receivers, and defenders of heretics.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 165.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Editor Present-day France, Italy and Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 5, 1288
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull “Turbato Corde” issued by Nicolas IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	With troubled heart we hear and bring to mind that many of those converted from the error of Jewish blindness to the light of Christian faith, have fallen back into their former falsehood. Also many Christians have denied the Catholic faith and exchanged it for the Jewish rite, which must be condemned…proceed with emphasis against all who make themselves guilty of this crime, against the heretics and their promoters, protectors and defenders. As far as the Jews are concerned, who have occasioned Christians of both sexes to their revolting rite or draw them over, they must be punished as they deserve.
5. Source	“Chapter Forty-Two Popes, Church Fathers and Saints Combat and Condemn the Jews.” No Author. Page 659; Online paper.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	Editor Author dates this law in footnotes taking place September 5, 1288