Acts – Page 22 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	7 Edward I. Membrane 6d, 1279
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Whereas the king is given to understand that certain Jews of his realm have not and do not fear to blaspheme the catholic faith and the church sacraments; the king wishing, as befits a catholic prince, to repress such blasphemies, wills that no Jew shall presume to blaspheme in such manner hereafter,… The king wills that this shall be publicly proclaimed in all places of the realm in which the Jews dwell, and that no Jew shall presume to do or say these things under peril of life and limb. If any notorious blasphemer be found,… the king wills every such shall be punished according to what has been wont to be done in such cases upon other occasions. … The king wills that Jewish women shall henceforth bear a sign on their outer (superiori) garment as Jewish men do; and that Jews shall not from henceforth have Christian servants, male or female, dwelling with them in any services either in their own houses or in other houses in the cities and places where the Jews dwell, but the Jews shall serve and minister to one another in all things, and this shall be enjoined everywhere upon Christians and Jews under grievous forfeiture.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Close Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1279,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1900, p. 565.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	May 27, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons of the Council of Avignon
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	VI. Jews must wear a prominent sign on their garments. They may have no Christian wet nurses or maidservants, nor may they sell their meats to Christians. During Lent, they are not to consume meat publicly. They are to avoid processions. Disobedience will be punished by indirect excommunication.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 251.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher “Indirect excommunication” referred to the practice of cutting Jews off from any dealings with the Christian community, by way of threatening the Christians with excommunication for any contact with a Jew thus boycotted.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Edict" issued by King Rudolph I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Switzerland
4. Text of Act	King Rudolph (Rudolf) I of Habsburg demands […] 84 Marks Sterling - which he owes Bertgram and Gottschalk of Ahaus (‘Berthrammi et Gotschalci de Ahusen’) - to be paid by the entire community of the Jews of Dortmund, his chamber-servants (‘universi judei Tremonienses camdere sue servitores’) […] and to surrender the amount as a tax payment to the Mayor Dietrich ('Ditricus scultetus Tremoniensis') […]. In return, the Jews are to be free of this tax starting the following Saint Martin's Day until the following Easter festival and from then on for another year. […]
5. Source	Dortmund, StadtA, Urkunde Nr. 45, Orig. (Kriegsverlust), lat., Perg. ("Dortmund, City Archive, Certificate/Official Document, No. 45, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper");
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons of the Council at Buda (Ofen)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Hungary
4. Text of Act	par. 125. Jews must wear a circle of red cloth on the left breast of their outer garments to avoid possible dangers to Christians. – par. 126. Jews may not hold public office or be entrusted with the collection of tolls, etc.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 250.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 6, 1279
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	7 Edward I, Membrane 3, 1279
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Grant to the bailiffs and good men of Huntington of pontage for three years from St. Martin in winter, 7 Edward I, including amongst other customs, on every Jew or Jewess crossing the bridge on horseback 1d., on foot ½ d.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 331, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Statutes of the Council of Poitiers (1280)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“VI. No Christian nurses may serve within the homes of Jews on pain of a fine of 50 solidi, three quarters of which is to be donated to the poor. To make it more difficult to lend at usury, no cleric may write or seal loan contracts for Jews. Christians are not to lend to Jews at interest. Christians are not to partake of Jewish foods or medicines, nor are they to take money at usury from Jews, except in cases of necessity, and in the presence of witnesses. Otherwise, they will pay a fine of 50 solidi, three quarters of which will be donated to the poor.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 252.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 2, 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	8 Edward I, Membrane 27, 1280
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Mandate, at the prayer of the prior provincial of the Friars Preachers, to sheriffs and all bailiffs and others, to induce the Jews, by such means as they under the inspiration of the spirit of truth may think most efficient, to assemble and hear without tumult, contention, or blasphemy, the work of God preached by the friars, and to see that the rest do not interfere with those who become converted.
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 356, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Knight Gerhard Scherfgin (Gerardus Scherfgin)
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] allot to our son, Henricus, […] a pension of six Cologne Marks [annually] which is to be paid by the Jews.”
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln 2, Nr. 198, S. 162-167 (“Sources on the History of the City of Cologne 2, No. 198, p. 162-167”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Gerhard had been a member of the Schöffenkolleg (entity permitted to issue legislations in the city of Cologne) since 1259, and was according to Groten one of the most famous knights of his time.

1. Full Date of Act	May 26, 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	8 Edward I, Membrane 17, 1280
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Whereas the king believes that the conversion of Jewish depravity to the Catholic faith would specially be to the increase of faith and worship of the name of Christ, he therefore, in order that those who have already turned from their blindness to the light of the Church may be strengthened in the firmness of their faith, and those who still persist in their error may more willingly and readily turn to the grace of the faith, has taken measures, under divine guidance, to provide healthfully for their maintenance
5. Source	Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, “Calendar of Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office, Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Deputy Keeper of the Records, Edward I, AD 1272-1281,” Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1901, p. 371-372, available from babel.hathitrust.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Additional research by Kate Wraith.

1. Full Date of Act	May 29, 1280
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Esslinger City Law” issued by the City of Esslingen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may only accept pledges during the day but never at night ('nimmer by der nacht') […] Jews are prohibited to accept broken chalices and bloody garments […] When a stolen item is seized outside of the Jew’s home, the rightful owner may take and keep it and the Jew loses the item and any claim on the [potential] damage.] […] When a Christian citizen sues a Jew and an oath is required of him (Jew), the Jew has six weeks to take the oath. If a guest/outside/foreigner ('gast') sues a Jew, the Jew must take the oath immediately. […] The meat of animals, which have been slaughtered by Jews, must hang in front of the huts ('sol vor den huten hangen') so-long the mayor/city lord ('Stadtherr') and the citizens permit this. […] Excluded is the sale of meat that has been tainted with the eggs of tapeworms and the meat of nanny and billy goats. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, A 4, Bü 41, Abschr. (1535), dt., Perg. (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, A 4, Bü 41, Copy (1535), German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial Cities of Esslingen, Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Alfonso the Wise
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Alfonso the Wise took offense at Jews not when he was gathering power, but when he began to lose it. Toward the end of his reign, he was betrayed by his son Sancho, who led a revolt against him (1280-1281). Alfonso's fierce reaction included an apparently out-of-the-blue attack on the very Jews with whom he had been so intimate. ...Jews of Toledo were imprisoned in their own synagogues. The wealthiest among them were made to pay exorbitant ransoms. Many were tortured and forced to convert.” James Carroll: “Constantine’s Sword.” p. 328 2) “Alfonso X ordered the imprisonment of the Jews in their synagogues, from which they were not to be released until the community paid him a special tax. Notables of the community remained in prison for many months. Attempts were even made there to convert them and several were executed.” Haim Beinart: "Toledo.”
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 10, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Permission Granted” by King Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	We Rudolf, King of the Holy Roman Empire by the grace of God, […] grant the Mayor (Schultheißen) […] - for his loyalty and service - permission to charge every Jew who is currently residing in Frankfurt or who will find residence there in the future, 1 Mark until this permission is withdrawn. […]
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 1, Nr. 442, S. 213 f.;Codex Diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus, S. 202. (“Certificate Book of Frankfurt 1, No, 442, p. 213 f.; Diplomatic Codex Moenofrancofurtanus”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This document was issued and signed in Vienna.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 4, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Rudolf I, King of Germany, for the City and Diocese of Regensburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Let it be known that the Jews of the City and Diocese of Regensburg shall not disobey the Honorable Bishop Heinrich of Regensburg in any way, nor resist his command, namely, ‘that Jews shall stay inside their homes during Eastertime, keep their doors and windows shut, and refrain from appearing in the lanes and streets in mockery of the Christian faith’ – and that they shall furthermore, in this regard, obey reverently all commands of the Bishop and his successors.
5. Source	Fürst, Julius. Urkunden zur Geschichte der Juden [Documents on the History of the Jews]. Hunger: Leipzig, 1844. Page 40.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 21, 1281
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull from Martin IV to the archbishops and bishops of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	From our beloved sons, the Inquisitors of the depraved heretics, it has been brought to our attention that some of these depraved heretics – guilty, suspected, or accused – had converted from Judaism to the Catholic faith, later apostatized, and sought refuge in churches, not to find salvation, but to escape the hands of the Inquisitors, and to avoid punishment for their crime; above which they implored the Apostolic See for protection. We therefore, to extirpate these enemies of the orthodox faith – these weeds so noxious and so pestiferous that they must be plucked out by the root from the garden of the Lord – give these Inquisitors our written mandate, that they execute their duties freely against such converted Jews, who later became apostates from the faith, whether they seek refuge in churches, or in lesser places. I command your brotherhood that you shall not impede the Inquisitors, but give them every possible aid, as the opportunity arises.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 151.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1282
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Archbishop of Canterbury
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) John Pectin, Archbishop of Canterbury, orders all London synagogues to close and prohibits Jewish physicians from practicing on Christians. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jews Expelled from Windsor in 1283
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Simon de Montfort ... issued an edict expelling the Jews from his home city of Leicester. This proved to be the start of a host of expulsions from various cities and towns - ..." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 18
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 15, 1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“City Law of Eisenbach” confirmed* by Landgrave Albrecht von Thuringia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 34) Also, if a stolen item was pledged/pawned off or sold to a Jew, he (Jew) is to swear that he did not know anything about the theft and take back the money without interests and return the pledge/pawn. 35) Also, in the event of a dispute over the loan amount or the repayment period, the Jew may keep his money, unless the Christian debtor can convict him with a Christian and Jewish witness. […]
5. Source	Eisenbach, StadtA, 21.1, fol. 1-14, zu Juden 5v und 12v-13, Abschr. 16 Jh., lat., und 17./18. Jh., dt. [A], dt.und lat.; (“Eisenbach City Archive, 21.1, fol. 1-14, about Jews 5v and 12v-13, Copy 16th Century, Latin, and 17th/18th Century, German [A], German and Latin”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher These laws were given to the city by Albrecht’s uncle Heinrich but were officially confirmed by Albrecht. *Regarding the date: The articles of law (34-36) which refer to Jews may have been added after August 15, 1283; though it is unclear when.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 13, 1283
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion of Jews from Windsor, Calendar of the Close Rolls from the reign of Edward I
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	To Geoffrey de Picheford, constable of Windsor castle. Order to cause to be removed from that town certain Jews who have entered it and who inhabit it, without doing injury to their bodies or goods, as, according to the custom of the king's Jewry, his Jews ought not to dwell in other cities, boroughs or towns than in those wherein there is a chest of the chirographers of the Jews and wherein they were wont from old time to dwell, and certain Jews have entered that town, wherein there is no chest of chirographers and no Jew was wont to dwell therein of old time.
5. Source	Calendar of the Close Rolls: Edward I, A.D. 1279-1288, archive.gov, page 241
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jews required to wear a patch"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Council of Nimes orders Jews to wear a round patch "The Gospel of Rome: Part 24: Anti-Semitism Within Roman Catholicism;" sohmer.net
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes from the Saint Pöltener Diocese Synod/Council” compiled under the authority of Bishop Gottfried of Passau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Passau
4. Text of Act	[…] Excommunication Of Christians Serving Jews: Since the Jews have long been prohibited to keep Christians servants (‘mancipia’)*, the ministers and other church leaders shall announce [give warning of] excommunicating [wet-]nurses and other servants of Jews on Sundays in places where Jews have settled. Also, a warning is to be given to Christians who invest their money with Jews or receive/accept usury/interests from them - like the Jews who lend their money for [the purpose of] of usury/interests. […]
5. Source	Lilienfeld, Stiftsarchiv, Cod. 118, fol. 132v-138r, Abschr. (13. Jh.), lat.; (“Lilienfeld Stift Archive, Cod. 118, fol. 132v-138r, Copy (13th Cent.), Latin”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The broad meaning of ‘mancipia’ used here in the Latin text can imply a status of ‘bondage or slavery;’ however, in the present context, it is clearly used to mean ‘staff and servants.’

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 16, 1284
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of 1284"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Also, since Christian rights are forbidden and prohibitted to the Jews, we determine and warn that the parish priests and other ecclesiastical leaders command that all those of the Catholic faith, Jewish nurses and servants be excommunicated whenever they are found in Jewish homes on the day of the Lord. Furthermore, they should denounce all other Christians who profitably place their money with the Jews or receive loans from the Jews, or like the Jews lend their own money.
5. Source	sunt haec apud S. Hippolytum anno Domini millesimo ducentesimo octuagesimo quarto XVI. kal. Aprilis.,
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of Legnica"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[C. 32:] Unless the Jews return money that they were given...they shall be checked by a censure of the church. ... [C. 33:] We also order that none of the Jews should dare to keep holy objects or books."
5. Source	Antiquissimae Constitutiones Synodales: Provinciae Gneznesis, C. 32-33, 177-8Researched and
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Laws/Statues" under the Chairman of Archbishop Jakob II Swinka of Gniezno
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Gniezno; Present-day Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] Furthermore, we order that no one should dare to deposit sacred [liturgical] books with Jews or pledge them in any way, except in severe distress (emergencies/plight) and only with the permission of the prelates."
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 3a (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 3a”).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1285
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Constitutional provision issued by Pope Honorius IV for the Kingdom of Sicily
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Article 16. That the Jews, who are vassals of the church, shall not be entrusted with public office, but neither shall they be made to suffer oppressive burdens of the curtailment of their rights.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 155.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1286
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Declaration by King Rudolph I"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Kind Rudolph I calls Jews his "chamber servants" [implying that they are unfree and that he has complete jurisdiction over them]." "Menorah. Fünfter Jahrgang - Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft... (1927) ;" uibk.ac.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None