Acts – Page 23 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Discrimination of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Under the [Polish-Lithuania] Commonwealth's legal system, Jews endured economic restrictions called 'restrictions,' which also followed the Russian occupation." "History of the Jews in Russia;" wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Taxation of Jews in the City of Mainz"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "On July 28, 1294 King Adolf of Nassau declares that all Jews are to be return to the jurisdiction of the city of Mainz and the Church. The Jews of Mainz were to be taxed freely and to pay their fief and other services to the church, as it was common in other cities and villages that were under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop." "Menorah. Fünfter Jahrgang - Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft... (1927);" uibk.ac.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Taxation of Jews In Mainz"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The right and claims of the Archbishop [Gerhard] on the Jews of Mainz remained intact. The Jews were to pay him 200 Mark during Gerhard's lifetime. The 200 Mark taxation was not raised by Archbishop Gerhard, but was stipulated by the City of Mainz along with their other demands on the Jews." "Menorah. Fünfter Jahrgang - Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft... (1927);" uibk.ac.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued to Jews of Erfurt
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In Germany the earliest mention of the Badge is in a dispensation accorded to the Jews of Erfurt, Oct. 16, 1294.” “Badge.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Limited Concession” granted to Jews by the butcher’s guild of Frankfurt (Oder)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[10 named Jews] are permitted to slaughter two livestocks/cattle on Sunday, one on Tuesdays, and two on Fridays..
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 1 (Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 1). Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Jews were generally prohibited by the local guilds to slaughter livestock which posed a problem as the meat slaughtered by the Christian butchers were not kosher. This caused conflict among the Christians and Jews which the City Council of Frankfurt attempted to settle between the butcher’s guild and the Jewry by negotiating the granting a limited concession to Jews by the guilds.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict Against Jewish Homeownership, given by King Adolf von Nassau for the City of Worms, State of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Adolf, Roman King by the grace of God, exalted throughout the universe, faithful to the Holy Roman Empire, present these letters by its grace, and all that is good. For the honorable men, the dean and the chapter of the church of St. Martin in the City of Worms, in whose parish a certain site has been made known to us as being purchased by Anshelm Oppenheim, a Jew, their prayers have been received favorably, as they have been bestowed with our support and edict, that no Jew shall purchase any estate, farm or house in said parish of St. Martin. Those who do so presumptuously, shall pay twenty silver marks to our treasury, twenty marks to the church of St. Martin, and another twenty to the people of Worms, to suffer punishment, in the presence of written evidence. Given at Frankfurt in the seventh indiction of the Augustine calendar, in the year of our Lord 1294, the third year of our reign.
5. Source	BOOS, Heinrich, Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Worms. Herausgegeben von H. Boos. Volume TH. 1, (Berlin: 1886-93).
6. Researcher & Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 2, 1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” order issued by King Adolf von Nassau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[ … We …] accept Werner von Falkenstein-Münzenberg as Our knight (Burgmann) of Rödelheim. […] We grant him an income in the amount of 100 Mark of Cologne Pennies (Kölner Pfennige) […] and pledge to him the Jews of Königstein in return for this. […].
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Falkensteiner Kopialbuch, fol. 9r, Abschr., lat., Pap. (“Würzburg, City Archive, Copy Book of Falkenstein, fol. 9r, Copy, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 1294
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document/Letter” issued by Archbishop Gerhard of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Mainz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, G[erhard], holy Archbishop of Mainz by the grace of God and Arch-Chancellor of Germany [reiteration of Archbishop’s documents dated March 18, 1291, and October 16, 1294] […] after the named 11 years and the three years that follow, the [four administrative offices] and the Jews of Erfurt return rightfully back to us and the church of Mainz and the previously given letters/documents shall no longer be valid. […]
5. Source	Universitätsbibliothek Erfurter Stifter und Klöster 1, Nr. 711, S. 406 f. (“University Library Erfurter Stifts and Convents 1, Nr. 711, p. 406 f.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Instructions to clergy, issued by the Bishop of Montpellier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“If Jews and Christians have been warned three times about providing domestic service to Jews, yet persist in their actions, then the Christian will be excommunicated and the Jew denied the communion of the faithful. Christians are also prohibited from grinding the Jews’ wheat, baking their bread, and providing them services of any kind. No notary may write an act providing for either manifest or hidden usury. Jews are to wear a round badge on their breast of a color different from that of their clothing. Jews may not dine with Christians, share meat with them, hold office, or appear in public at Eastertime.”
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 260.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Privilege of June 18, 1295" Issued by King Rudolph of Habsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "10 Jews become victims of the people of Mainz on Easter Sunday on April 19, 1283 after being accused of the ritual killing of a Christian boy. Archbishop Heinrich II of Mainz begins legal proceedings and reports to his benefactor Kind Rudolf of Habsburg. The latter turns on September 21, 1286 to the people of Mainz and other cities along the Rhine and demands that they support the Bishop in his pursuit and prosecution of the local Jews (because they allegedly kept a Christian family hostage and were charged with murder). Part of the Jews escape across the sea. That is why the King writes to the Council on December 6, 1286 and the people of Mainz to let them know that he has commissioned Archbishop Heinrich and Duke Eberhard von Katzenelnbogen to size and collect the properties of all escaped Jews from Worms, Speyer, Oppenheim and Wetterau and to administer over them. On the same date, Rudolph also warns the remaining Jews to assist Heinrich and Eberhard during their pursuit to track down the properties and assets of the escaped Jews. The city of Mainz took this as an opportunity for self-enrichment. Any property or assets it discovered that belong to an escaped Jew was either partially or completely confiscated." "Menorah. Fünfter Jahrgang - Jüdisches Familienblatt für Wissenschaft... (1927);" Online book; uibk.ac.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 9, 1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Adolf von Nassau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Adolf of Nassau gives Albert von Barbi for his services 300 Mark and pledges to him the Jews (settled) in his domain until this [sum] is paid off.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the Latin text. The original text can be found in Schöttgen and Kreyßig’s Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 23, 1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Land Registration Book of Cologne”
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] The masters/heads of the Jews of Cologne ('magistri iudei Colonie') have transferred ownership of the front-half of the house 'Nichol' […] to Franco of Cornu and his wife Richmudis […] under the condition that the Jews are to be responsible to pay the estate tax on the entire house. If they (the Jews) fail to make the payment to the aforementioned Franco or his heirs and they suffer damages because of this, the damages are to be settled by all the Jews who live in Cologne and their goods. […]
5. Source	Köln, HAStadt, Best. 101, Nr. 103, fol. 18r, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Cologne, Main Archive of the City, Best. 101, No. 103, fol. 18r, Orig[inal, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper.”)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 18, 1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of Archbishop of Gerhard of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz
4. Text of Act	Gerhard, Archbishop by the grace of God […] and Arch-Chancellor of Germany […] declares […] that because of the merits of the warden of the princely reservoir-chamber and treasury Eberhard, and the churchwarden Henry, and the judges, councilmen, and citizens of Mainz, the goods and properties that these now own or will gain in the future in the jurisdiction of Mainz, are exempt from any tax or levy except for the customary interests. […] All Jews of Mainz (individuals, heirs, and their successors), however, may be taxed as desired […] while the Archbishopric (Erzstift) shall require no more than 112 Mark of Aachener Pennies annually on St. Martin’s Day from the Jews. […]*
5. Source	Mainz, StadtA, U / 1295 Juni 18 / I, Orig. (A), lat., Perg.; Darmstadt, StA, A 2, Nr. 168/247 (Transsumpt des Mainzer Erzbischofs Heinrich von Virneburg vom 4. April 1329 (B); Würzburg, StA, Mainzer Bücher verschiedenen Inhalts 23, S. 89-91 (Abschr., 15. Jh.) (C), mit dt. Übers. S. 91-93; ebda., Mainzer Bücher verschiedenen Inhalts 75, fol. 18r-19r (Abschr., 15. Jh.?) (D), mit dt. Übers. fol. 19r-20r. (Mainz, City Archive, U/1295 June 18/I, Orig[inal] (A), Latin, [on] Parchment Paper; Darmstadt, State Archive, A 2, No. 168/247 (Insert of the Archbishop of Mainz, Henry of Virneburg, April 4, 1329 (B), Würzburg, City Archive, Mainz Book of Various Content 23, p. 89-91 (Copy, 15th Cent.) (C) with German translations p. 91-93, ibid, Mainz Books of Various Contents 75, fol. 18r-19r (Copy, 15th Cent.?) (D) with German translations fol. 19r-20r.)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This Ordinance was confirmed by King Albrecht I on May 19, 1301. *Also, this passage from old German text has been paraphrased in an effort to make the translation of the long Act brief and comprehensible.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 31, 1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull, from Boniface VIII to Magister Paulinus von Aspalt, Canon of St. Paul of Treves
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The heads of the Convent of the Holy Virgin Mary in Aldenburg, of the Premonstratensian Order, have complained to us that the Jewish inhabitants of Wetzlar, of the Diocese of Treves, had erected a new synagogue within the parish of the convent, despite the fact that this is prejudicial to the interests of the Prior and the convent, and a burden, and contrary to canon law. If this is so, the said Jews must be compelled, on pain of boycott by the Faithful, to make amends for this injury, without option of appeal.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 199.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 28, 1295
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the Councilmen of the City to Clothmakers
3. Geography of Act	Margraviate of Brandenburg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Also, we forbid, anyone from purchasing their yarn/thread from the Jews. […]
5. Source	City Book of Berlin (“Berlinischer Stadtbuch”), S. 68ff; UB zur Berlinischer Chronik (“Chronicle of Berlin”), No. 32, S. 11.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1296
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by the Parliament of Pisa
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The parliament of Sicily issued an edicts that required Jew to wear clothing that would make them distinguishable from the Christians.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 57
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 12, 1296
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree by King Albert I, Duke of Austria and Styria, for the City of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 5. Whereas we wish to remain true to the Christian principality [of Austria], so it is that we exile the Jews from the enjoyment of any official functions in the city of Vienna, so that they may not oppress the Christians, under the cloak of either their business or their civil service, since righteous authority has, in the olden times, bestowed them for their sins with the punishment of eternal servitude.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline & Wiedl, Birgit. Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1338 (Regests on the History of the Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 1: From the Beginnings to 1338). Studienverlag: Innsbruck, Austria, 2005. Page 93.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 15, 1297
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of King Adolf
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Adolf (‘Adolfus’) loans/grants (‘verleiht’) ten Mark to Speyer citizen Ebelin (Evelino ante Monasterium’) from the annual revenues, which are to be raised from the Jews of Speyer.
5. Source	Urkunden zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer. Mit Historischen Verein der Pfalz zu Speyer gewidmet von Heinrich Hilgard-Villard. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Alfred Hilgard. (Strassburg; 1885); (Official documents regarding the history of the city Speyer. With the Historical Society of the Palatine of Speyer, dedicated by Heinrich Hilgard-Willard. Collected and published by Alfred Hilgard. (Strasbourg; 1885)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source. The original can be found in the City-Archive of Speyer.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1297
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Letter from Brother Arnold Déjean, Inquisitor, to the Jews of Pamiers
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	In view of the fact that the Catholic Church, hopeful and confident that God will remove the veil from your hearts, supports your presence and tolerates your rites, therefore, we, following in the footsteps of our predecessors, grant the following to your collectivity: You may live and conduct yourself acceptably in manner and custom, just as the Jews of Narbonne are permitted to live and conduct themselves. We, for our part, have no intention of imposing upon you any serious or unusual innovations. We grant you this by these letters, and we affix our seal in witness of the above.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 21.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 7, 1297
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Additional Taxation” order of King Adolf
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	We Adolf, King of the Romans by the grace of God, […] promise to give Archbishop Gerhard von Eppenstein of Mainz, as compensation for the expenses he suffered in Our service and in that of the Reich (Empire) […] 500 Marks annually of which 200 are to come from the (regular) taxes and 300 from the Jews of Frankfurt. […].
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 1, Nr. 712, S. 355 f. (“Certificate Book [of] Frankfurt 1, No. 712, p. 355 f.”);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	Researcher These taxes were to be paid in addition to the 5000 Mark they were required to pay.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 3, 1297
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull from Boniface VIII to Marguerite, widow of King Charles of Sicily
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	In favor of your request, we grant you permission to choose a confessor who will absolve you from the sin of having extorted money from Jews of your territory […], provided that under the advice and guidance of this confessor, you will use the money for sustaining the feeble and the poor. We further absolve you from any decree of excommunication imposed upon you by the late bishop of Le Mans, or by any other ecclesiastical judge.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 201.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This bull is Boniface’s reply to a supplication from Marguerite, who felt her conscience weighing heavy on her, on account of her extortionist activities. Despite the detailed “Jew Rolls” of the time, which facilitated such heavy “Jew taxes,” the Pope decides that the money is better put to Christian uses than to return it to the Jews, and in a two-for-one deal of sorts, he even un-excommunicates Marguerite for her troubles.

1. Full Date of Act	1298
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Diocesan Synod of Würzburg” issued under Bishop Manegold
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Wurzburg [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“We have established that sacred objects are not permitted to be pawned off, except during times of [financial] distress of the church and only with the approval of the parishioners. Chalices and holy garments are not to be left with Jews, unless they are securely locked, so that they cannot be touched by their [Jews] hands and bring insult to the Savior.” , since King Adolf died in a battle on July 2 at Göllheim (Rhineland-Palatinate), the expert conclude that the Synod must have taken place before [July 2]."]
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 6 (Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 6).
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Additional comment from the source: "The date line is missing from the Latin manuscript. [However

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 11, 1298
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Adolf von Nassau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Adolf of Nassau vows to owe Count Eberhard von Katzenelnbogen 3500 Mark and pledges to him and his heir 300 Mark annually from the revenues of the imperial taxes of Oppenheim, then the Jews, and then their levies (‘Ungeld’).
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Ungeld was akin to a consumption tax placed on goods and services. The above is a translation of a German summary of a Latin text. The original text can be found in Wenck’s Urkundenbuch für Hessische Landesgeschichte.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 22, 1298
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Adolph von Nassau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Adolf pledges the [imperial] revenues of the local Jews to the city of Speyer as compensation for the damages his people caused during his move [to Alsace] until all the claims-for-damages set by the magistrate are paid back in full.
5. Source	Urkunden zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer. Mit Historischen Verein der Pfalz zu Speyer gewidmet von Heinrich Hilgard-Villard. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Alfred Hilgard. (Strassburg; 1885); (Official documents regarding the history of the city Speyer. With the Historical Society of the Palatine of Speyer, dedicated by Heinrich Hilgard-Willard. Collected and published by Alfred Hilgard. (Strasbourg; 1885);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source. The original can is located at the City-Archive of Speyer.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 28, 1298
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” issued by King Albrecht I of Habsburg
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] King Albrecht I of Habsburg transfers the city of Sanzig along with the court and the revenues, the office of the bailiff, and the Jews of the town, the courts of Westhofen, Elmenhorst and Brackel […] to Archbishop Wikbold of Cologne as a thank for his support during his election […].
5. Source	Köln, HAStadt, Best. 210, U 3/601, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Cologne, Historical Archive of the City, Record 210, U 3/601, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Switzerland