Acts – Page 27 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 11, 1310
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of 1310"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Likewise as when it was once instituted with the utmost sacristy in the holy council, that under the pretext of maintaining the nourishment of their children, Jews are not permitted to have Christian (servants/wet nurses) in their home, neither for service nor for any other reason whatsoever. Accordingly, those Christians will be excommunicated who dare to live with them (Jews), since they (Jews) are able to turn the minds of simple Christians towards their own superstitions, faithlessness, and accursed greediness on account of their continuous association and persistent acquaintance…we conclude that within two months of the publication of this statute that all Christians in our province, who house Jews in their homes under whatever pretext, leave, never to thereafter return.
5. Source	Concilia Germaniae, Vol. 1
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Date 5/11-13/1310

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1310
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Henry (“Heinrich”) VII
3. Geography of Act	Luxembourg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Henry VII of Luxembourg authorizes Archbishop Henry (‘Heinrich’) of Cologne, to release/repurchase the city of Dortmund along with the empire’s office of the mayor and the Jews as well as the empire’s courts (‘Reichshöfe’) Westhofen and Elmenhorst, which were previously leased out […] by Duke Eberhard von der Mark, from him (‘his hands’) and to utilize these feif’s of the empire for his own benefit.
5. Source	Köln, HAStadt, Best. 210, U 1/830, Orig., lat. Perg. (“Cologne, Main City Archive, Best. 210, U 1/830, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 5, 1310
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Heinrich VII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews who reside in Our municipalities are to be pledged to Ulrich von Hanau for his service […] against King John of Bohemia […] until he or his successor have been paid six hundred Pounds Heller in full." […]
5. Source	UB zur Geschichte der Juden in HSTA [Hessisches Staatsarchiv] Marburg 1, Nr. 16, S. 96; (“Certificate Book on the History of the Jews in the Hesse State Archive [of] Marburg 1, No. 16, p. 96”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Document was issued and signed in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 6, 1310
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII of Luxemburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Henry VII gifts the Abby Henry (‘Heinrich’) von Fuld, his prince and secret council, and his (Henry's) successors and the church of Fuld all Jews present in Fuld as well as in the other castles/domains (‘Burgen’) of this church.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text, which can be found in Schannat’s Historia Fuldensis.

1. Full Date of Act	1311 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes” of the City of Mühlhausen, year 1311*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…]1) Any debt a citizen holds of another citizen may not be passed on to a Jew for usurious interest (‘ad iudeos sub usura’) or at a disadvantage to a Christian** or he shall be fined with one Mark and a penalty or one month of expulsion from the city. Instead, the debtor is to be made to repay the debt legally in court. 2) The meat of livestock/cattle, which a Jew has slaughtered, may not be sold in a butcher shop but only outside of it [or see a fine] of ten shillings. […] 4) Councilmen are not permitted to tax Jews individually but must require [such taxes] from the Jewry as a whole at a specific date of a year […] except when a foreign Jew arrives [new to the city]. […]”
5. Source	Mühlhausen i. Th., StadtA, Statuten der Stadt Mühlhausen von 1311, 10/T 8c, fol. 10r, 17r, 18v, 19v, und 28v., dt. und lat. (“Mühlhausen i[n] T[huringia], City Archive, Statutes of the City of Mühlhausen from 1311, 10/T 8c, fol. 10r, 17r, 18v, 19v, und 28v., German and Latin”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher While these statutes were initially written down in 1311, other sections were appended and crossed out as late as 1351. *The words ‘at a disadvantage to a Christian’ were added at a later time.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 21, 1311
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canons issued by the Council of Ravenna
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	XXIII. Jewish men are to wear a round saffron badge on the breasts of their garments; women, the same, on their head [covering], and thus be distinguishable from Christians.
5. Source	Du Pin, Louis E. A new Ecclesiastical History, Containing an Account of the Controversies in Religion; the Lives and Writings of Ecclesiastical Authors; an Abridgment of their Works, and a Judgment on their Style and Doctrine: also A Compendious History of the Councils and All Affairs Transacted in the Church. Swalle & Childe: London, 1699. Vol. XII, Page 97.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 27, 1311
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Moratorium” issued by King Henry VII (Heinrich VII)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[We, …] grant the municipal chief as well as the city councils and citizens of Esslingen a moratorium/deferment of payment on all debts owed to Jews, who reside in Essligen or in any other location of our empire […] for two years [starting] from the date hereof, no interests will also need to be paid on any debt owed to Jews. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, H 51, U 224, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, H 51, U 224, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial Cities of Esslingen; Present-day Germany Researcher Henry VII justifies this moratorium by referring to the costs and efforts (“labores et expensas gravissimas”) the Christian community of Esslingen had to endure in the war against Count Eberhard I of Württemberg whom he calls the enemy (“inimico”). By freeing them of these debts, the citizens of Esslingen are to lead the war that much more vigorously in the future (“viriliter et constanter”).

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 11, 1311
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Conquesti Sunt,” from Clement V to the Dean of the Church of Zeitz, Diocese of Naumburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We are concerned by the complaint of the abbot and chapter of the Benedictine monastery of Paulinzelle, that Brendeke, Abraham, Scauedei and Matheus, brothers of Querfurt and Jews of the Diocese of Halberstadt, have extorted great sums from them by way of usury, and therefore, we order you by Apostolic letter that, if this is so, you are to compel said Jews and their lot to make full restitution to the complainants, under threat of removing them form all intercourse with the faithful, without option of appeal.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 220.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 14, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Order” of Pope Clemens V.
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	The Head of the Stift of St. Mariengreden at Mainz is ordered to stop all Jews and Jewesses living within the parishes of the Frankfurter Bartholomew stift for the purpose of giving the Rector of the Frankfurter church, Siegfried, the tithes that he is owed for the properties and houses that are within his parish which previously belong to the Christians. […] In the case of non-payment, the Jews are to leave the houses, vineyard and possessions to the stift [of the prince-bishopric]. After the initial warning, the Frankfurter Jews are to be forced to comply by withdrawing their ability to be in direct contact with the faithful. […]
5. Source	UB zur Geschichte der Juden in Frankfurt, Nr. 37, S. 11; Regeesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland, Nr. 149, S. 24. (Certificate Book on the History of the Jews in Frankfurt, No. 37, p. 11; Registers on the History of the Jews in Germany, No. 149, p. 24);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 20, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII of Luxemburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Henry VII absolves the nobleman Conrad von Weinsberg of all his debt [owed] to Jews so that he can [be in a better position] to act/negotiate (‘handeln’) against Count Eberhard von Württemberg (‘Würtemberg’).
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Stälin’s Wirtembergische Geschichte (History of Württemberg; Volume III).

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 31, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Henry VII of Luxemburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Henry VII orders […] also the Jews of Frankfurt to give 200 Pounds as aid-money for the war against Count Eberhard of Württemberg (‘Würtemberg’).
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of King Friedrich II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy; Kingdom of Sicily/Crown of Aragon
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Palermo are henceforth to live outside of the city-walls separate from the [local] Christians. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte und Literatur. Von Dr. Zunz. Erster Band. (Regarding History and Literature. B Dr. Zunz. First Volume.); Berlin; 1845;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by the City Council of Weissenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	If a Jew is given a horse as collateral, whatever happens to it between the disbursement and the repayment of the loan shall be the Jew’s risk and responsibility, even if it dies or it is stolen, and the ties that bound the contract shall be undone, just as the reins that bound the horse. No Jew shall take any wet garments as collateral, nor bloody garments, nor chalices or any items belonging to the church; any contravening Jew shall be treated in court as if he had accepted proceeds of theft or robbery.
5. Source	Stern, Moritz. Die isrealitische Bevölkerung der deutschen Städte [The Israelite Population of the German Cities]. H. Fiencke: Kiel, 1896. Page 213.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 29, 1312
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Consuevit Interdum,” from Clement V to Mary, Queen of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	With regard to the sum of ten thousand pounds which you acquired from the Jews of your country before their recent expulsion, we grant you the right to retain one half of this sum, as long as you will use the other half for the support of the Holy Land. You shall not be compelled to make any further restitution, since you cannot identify the Jews who owned the money, or those from whom they had usuriously taken it.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 229.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Pope Clement V had issued a similar bull to Mary in 1306, when she had claimed a ‘troubled conscience’ on account of money taken from ‘her’ Jews; less than seven years later, the Queen curiously finds herself in the same predicament, and once again, the Vatican is ready to strike a deal, ordering a 50/50 split between the Crusades and the royal coffers. The fact that possible restitution is specifically treated in this bull, betrays the fact that such reparations were actually feasible, counter to the insinuations in the Queen’s supplication, and that a readmission of the Jews into France was already considered likely at the time of Clement’s reply.

1. Full Date of Act	1313 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Constitution" issued by the Council of Zamora, 1313 AD
3. Geography of Act	Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"1. Thirty days are allowed to all Jews that now do or hereafter reside in our province, for the execution hereof. That in criminal, civil, and all other causes, they shall not oppose nor defend themselves by the privilege they have; saying that as no Jew was summoned against them in the cause, they cannot be condemned; nor may they claim that or any other privilege to the prejudice of the Christian faith, nor presume to obtain such similar privileges. Therefore we obtain, that in criminal, and all other causes, the testimony of the Jews against Jews shall be valid as heretofore; but not of a Jew against a Christian, nor, as is proper or just, shall his testimony be received. […] 2. Henceforth Jews shall hold no post or dignity from kings, or any secular prince, and within the aforesaid time they shall resign those they now hold. 3. They are not to be admitted into frequent association with Christians, lest from the intimacy, they adopt their errors which they do not understand. 4. That they do not serve as witnesses against Christians, nor claim as hitherto the benefit of the laws. 5. That no Christian women, either temporarily or otherwise, act as wet nurses, or rear their children. 6. They are not to appear in public, from the Wednesday of Passion Week until Saturday; and on Good Friday are to close their doors and windows the whole day, not to mock the sorrow of Christians for the passion. 7. The Jews and Jewesses wear an ostensible sign, that they may be distinguished and separate among Christians, which is right, practiced in other states. 8. Notwithstanding their learning and reputation, they are not to practice medicine with the Christians. 9. They are not to invite Christians to their feasts, that Christians do not eat with Jews; particular they are not to eat their meat or drink their wine. 10. They are annually to pay tithes on their landed property, and the houses they occupy, the same as Christians did before they belonged to Jews. 11. Synagogues that have been newly erected or enlarged, shall be restored to their former state between this date, and the next great festival of the resurrection; this term is peremptorily fixed, and if at its expiration the Jews have not executed it, the judges, alcaldes, communities, and universities of the cities, towns, and places where synagogues have been recently erected and elevated, are to fulfill and have this ordinance executed, in virtue of holy obedience under the penalty of [the] Constitution. 12. They are not to practice usury, nor exact, nor take any interest from Christians, as is prohibited by the constitutions of Pope Clement V, enacted at the council of Vienne; and any person who acts contrary, or attempts to hide it, incurs the penalties ordained by the said council. 13. On Sundays and other Christian holidays, they are not to work publicly for themselves or other persons."
5. Source	Global Jewish Advocacy, "Antisemitism: An Assault on Human Rights,"
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The exact date of the council is unknown.

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1313
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of the Imperial Landvogt*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] regarding the admission of the Jew Jeckeling on Schlettstadt into the city of Speyer and the payment of 1500 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller of the local Jewry to the [named] city.
5. Source	Urkunden zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer. Mit Historischen Verein der Pfalz zu Speyer gewidmet von Heinrich Hilgard-Villard. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Alfred Hilgard. (Strassburg; 1885); (Official documents regarding the history of the city Speyer. With the Historical Society of the Palatine of Speyer, dedicated by Heinrich Hilgard-Willard. Collected and published by Alfred Hilgard. (Strasbourg; 1885);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 27, 1313
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” ordered by Lord Johannes Hannemann
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Lordship of Lichtenberg; House of Hanau
4. Text of Act	[…] that We take up the citizens of Hagenau and the city itself, both Christians and Jews, and everything that belongs to the city […] and that the payment of 50 Mark Silver annually by the Jews is to serve as an emergency fund which is modest […].
5. Source	Heidelberg, UB, Heidelberger Urk. 199, Orig., dt., Perg. (“Heidelberg, University Library, Document/Certificate of Heidelberg 199, Original, German. [On] parchment paper”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher In the same document, Christian citizens of Hagenau are assured that they will not be required to provide any financial assistance to the Lordship of Lichtenberg whatsoever.”

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1314
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” confirmed by the Mayor and the Aldermen (‘Geschworene’) of the City Eger
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Hungary
4. Text of Act	[…] The neighbor who has purchased the land next to the church must commit/be obliged to neither admit loud businessmen to his home who could disturb the prayer [ceremonies], nor to allow any Jews to settle around there (‘dort herum’)*.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.) (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *’Dort herum’ is somewhat vague; it could mean either anywhere nearby or merely adjacent to the church.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 17, 1314
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privileges for the City of Duderstadt” issued by Duke Henry (Heinrich) II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Duke […] by the grace of God, […] announce that no castle is to be built within a mile of the walking-path […] citizens are exempt from customs/tariff and escort payments. […] Jews who live in the city of Duderstadt with our consent* are to enjoy all civil rights […]
5. Source	Duderstadt, StadtA, Rep. 1 – Urkunden, Nr. 5, Orig. , dt. (“Duderstadt City Archive, Rep. 1 – Documents, No. 5, Orig[inal], German”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Jews could not settle in Duderstadt without the explicit consent of the Duke.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 20, 1314
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) confirms and inserts (‘trassumirt’)* the writ by which King Adolf pawns off the [merchandize-] tax and the Jews of Frankfurt to Archbishop Gerhard of Mainz on July 7, 1297.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Würdtwein’s Diplomataria Maguntina (Volume II). *Transsumieren/Transsumierung is the insertion of a writ - word by word - into a new official document as a form of confirming and reissuing the previous document.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1314
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Louis IV (the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Oppenheim
4. Text of Act	King Louis (Ludwig) [the Bavarian] announces that Peter von Bechtolsheim, the son of the Knight Johann von Bertolsheim (‘Petrum, filium Iohannis de Bertholdsheym militis’), is named by him […] as Burgher of Oppenheim for his faithful service […] that he has rendered and will render to him (the king) and the kingdom. For this reason, he allocates to him an annual income of five Mark of Cologne Pennies annually […] to be paid to him by all of his Jews of Oppenheim on Saint Martin’s Day [November 11] which they are strictly commanded to do so with this document. […]
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, Orig. (Kriegsverlust), lat., Perg. (“Darmstadt, City Archive, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This passage from old German text has been paraphrased in an effort to make the translation of the long Act brief and comprehensible.

1. Full Date of Act	1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Dress Code" Issued by Emir Ismael Around 1315
3. Geography of Act	Granada
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Emir Ismael Abu-I Walid forced the Jews of Granada to wear a yellow badge." Bitton, Jimmy: "It’s Not 1938 Again;" jewishmag.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1315 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance issued by the Court of Burgos (1315)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Art. 27 – We order that whatever Christians owe to Jews on account of letters of debt, the Christians shall pay the Jews two thirds of the principal, while the remaining third shall be nullified, and nothing more shall be owed, in usury or otherwise.”
5. Source	Royal Academy of History (Spain). Córtes de los Antiguos Reinos de León y de Castilla [Courts of the Ancient Kingdoms of León and Castilla]. M. Rivadeneyra: Madrid, 1861. Vol. 1, Page 284. 11/21/2019
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 9, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis (the Bavarian) IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludowig’), Roman King by the grace of God […] announce to all who see, hear, or read this letter [that we permit …] the citizens of Worms to take/raise 300 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller annually from the Jews as long as we live as compensation for the expenses they have accrued from the empire […]
5. Source	Moritz, Johann Friedrich: Historisch-Diplomatische Abhandlung ([der] Freie Reichs-Stadt Worms. (Historical-Diplomatic Treatise ([of] the Free Imperial City of Worms.); (Frankfurt/Leipzig; 1756);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Roman-German Empire, Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer/the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, etc.; Holy Roman Empire; House of Wittelsbach
4. Text of Act	[…] in consideration of the fruitful services that have been rendered to Our Empire (Reich), or will be rendered in the future, We wish to order that Our beloved Prince, and Bishop of Emicho and his successors are paid wages in the amount of 1,300 pounds by the citizens of Hagenau. Any amount missing from this total is to be complemented through the taxation of the Jews.
5. Source	UB zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer 1, Nr. 503, S. 473. (University Library of the History of the Bishops of Speyer 1, No. 503, p. 473);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None