Acts – Page 28 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 7, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” of King Louis IV (Ludwig)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	We mandate the Council (Rat) and the citizens of the city of Frankfurt to order the Jews of Frankfurt, Our chamber-servants, to pay Archbishop Peter of Mainz and his successors 300 Pound Heller (Pfund Heller) annually. […]
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 2, Nr. 13, S. 9 f.; MGH, Const. 5, Nr. 220, S. 194.; Codex Diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus, S. 413; (“Certificate Book [of] Frankfurt 2, No. 13, p. 0 f.; Monuments of German Historical Constitutions 5, No. 220, p. 194; Diplomatic Codex of Moenofrancofurtanus, p. 413”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 29, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) authorizes the Schultheiss, the councilmen, and the citizens/community of Nuremberg to tear down the built-on-awnings (‘Kellerhälse’)*, booths, and arbors which the local Jews use to block off their houses from public streets […]
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original old text which can be found in Würfel’s Historische Nachrichten der Juden-Gemeinde in der Reichsstadt Nürnberg (Historical tidings regarding the Jewish community in the Imperial City of Nuremberg). A Schultheiss/Schultheiß was the head of the municipality in medieval Germany. *Kellerhälse (pl.) were built-out awnings or protruding roofs that were built over the stairs of a cellar and often used to sell small items.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 15, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) informs the Jews of Worms, his chamber-servants, that he has confirmed the knight Wipfelin from Rosengarten the ten Mark silver, which emperor Henry had done so for his services, which are to be paid by the Jews of Worms to the empire. He also orders Jews [in Worms] to submit the arrears from last year.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); Hannover; 1862;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original old text which is located in the City-Archives of Worms.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” (‘Ordonnanz’) of Louis X
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of France; Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] To all faithfuls and subordinates/subjects of the Kingdom of France, Greetings. […] Firstly. Jews may be permitted to return and remain in our Kingdom for the next 12 years in cities and places where they lived before [they were expelled] … 2) Also, they are to work with their hands (pursue craftsmanship) or trade […] 3) Also, they are to wear a visible sign […] which is to be as wide as a white-silver tournois [currency] and a different color than the rope/overcoat […] and the more apparent the better […] 4) Jews may collect debts owed to them […] and keep a third of it* [while the other two-thirds are to go to the kingdom …]
5. Source	Ordonnance pour le rappel des Juifs, pendant douze années, Auteur Louis X, King of France; Relmin, Le Statut Légal Des Minorités Religieuses Dans L'espace Euro-Méditerranéen (Ordinance for the recall of Jews for 12 years. The legal status of religious minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean Area); www.cn-telma.fr.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Two-thirds of the debts collected are to go to the kingdom. The above ordinance contains 20 paragraphs and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. A number of them offer Jews limited protection, albeit for only a limited time. The full French text can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Margrave Johann V of Brandenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] no guests, foreigners or those who have moved in[to the city] among the Jews are to be permitted to slaughter [animals] unless they have first become citizens and have received their civil rights. Only then are Jews permitted to slaughter [animals] for their own use. During the summers, when [salt] curing is not possible and the meat cannot be consumed in accordance to their sacred rites, they are not permitted to sell [the the meat] in smaller pieces than in quarters. […] The slaughter of billy-goats and nanny-goats and young bulls ('Varren teutonice appellantur') and clean/heifer calves […] are prohibited to Jews all together if they do not wish to consume those themselves.
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer 5, Nr. 4223, S. 329; Regesten der Markgrafen von Brandenburg, Nr. 2416, S. 674; Zum Codex diplomaticus, S. 22 (Sources Regarding the History of the Jews in the Archives of the New Federal States 5, No. 4223, p. 329; The Rulers of the Margraves of Brandenburg, No. 2416, p. 674, to the Codex Dimlomaticus, p. 22).
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Charter issued by King Louis X
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	We make known that our dear lord and father…had, while yet alive, with the counsel and the advice of the great men of council, driven out and expelled the Jews from his kingdom…For these reasons we have ordained, established, and ordered as follows: 1. First, that the Jews may return and live in our kingdom…but not in those places where they were earlier prohibited. ... 3. Likewise, they must wear the badge where they were accustomed to wearing it. ... 7. Likewise, their synagogues and cemeteries shall be returned to them, upon payment of the price for which they were sold to those who bought them, unless there are very large buildings there or other reasons why one may not take them away… 9. Likewise, the books of their law which are still held by us, which were not sold, shall be returned to them, except for the condemned Talmud… 10. Likewise, when the aforesaid twelve years have passed, we may not drive them out of our kingdom without giving them suitable time, i.e., a year… 12. Likewise, since the Jews must work and labor with their hands or must trade, as had already been said, it is not our wish that they be permitted to lend at interest, and we forbid it expressly. If it should happen that perchance they do lend, they may take no more than two pennies per pound per week. …17. Likewise, they may not, under pain of committing a crime, dispute matters of faith with anyone, poor or rich, overtly or covertly…Given at Paris, July 28, 1315 A.D.
5. Source	“Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages.” Robert Chazan. 1980, Page 81-83. Online book.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 3, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] for the augmentation of his fief, we assign the taxes of the Jews of Wetzlar to Our Burgmann to Kalsmunt, Dietrich von Runkel […]. We also permit Runkel to allow four Jews to settle in his city and that any taxes or exactions required of the aforementioned Jews to be handed over to him in the name of the empire/kingdom (Reich) […].
5. Source	UB Wetzler 1, Nr. 874, S. 364 f. (“Certificate Book [of] Wetzler 1, No. 874, p. 364 f.”);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A “burgmann” was a member of the aristocracy in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages who guarded and defended castles.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 27, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[We … announce] to the mayor, municipal chief ('Schultheiß'), council and the citizens of Esslingen for their unbroken love and steadfastness ('unzerbrochen liebe und stetikeit') which they have bestowed upon us and the empire, and for the damage, which our enemies have inflicted upon you and your property/goods [… and] free all poor and rich citizens […] from all interest payments on debts due to Jews – may they be in Esslingen or in any other place in our domain […] for two years starting this Saint Martin’s Day [November 11, 1315, to November 11, 1317]. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, H 51, U 248, Orig., dt., Perg. (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, H 51, U 248, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial Cities of Esslingen; Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 24, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[We, …] exonerate/free the council and citizens of Esslingen as well as all those who have vouched for them […] from all of their obligations to the Jews* [… and] prohibit [the recipients of this documents] to fulfill their obligations to the Jews […] or to do anything that could harm the citizens of Esslingen […]. Anyone who ignores/dismisses this commandment/order loses the royal grace and forfeits his body and goods […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, H 51, U 249, Orig., dt. Perg. (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, H 51, U 249, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial Cities of Esslingen; Present-day Germany Researcher Louis/Ludwig justifies this order by alleging that the Jews–who rightfully belong to his chamber–obeyed his enemy, Duke of Austria, instead of him.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 25, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	We, Louis/Ludwig, […] announce to the council and the citizens of Esslingen, as well as all who have vouched for the Jews of Überlingen or elsewhere, that […] we free them from their obligations to the Jews of Überlingen and elsewhere […] over the next two years […] during which no interest is to be paid on such debt ('kein wucher uf die selben schult'). […] no payments may be made to Jews […] that could result in any damages to the citizens of Esslingen as they are in no way obligated to the Jews in any way for the next two years. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, H 51, U 250, Orig., dt., Perg, (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, H 51, U 250, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial City of Esslingen; Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 8, 1315
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) bestows grace upon the nobleman Conrad von Schlüsselbrg [declaring] that no Jews in Waisenfeld (‘Weischenfeld’) is to be involved/be employed as a royal officer (‘Amtsmann’).
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original old text which can be found in Oesterreicher’s Neue Beiträge (New contributions; Volume 3).

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 31, 1316
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	We, Louis/Ludwig, […] exonerate the municipal chief ('Schultheiß'), council and citizens of Esslingen along with Johannes von Bernhausen, his brother Wolfram and Walther von Urbach and all their heirs, […] for the great damage which they have suffered at the hands of our enemies while in our service, of all debts, which they currently owe to Jews, who have not submitted to our rule but those of our enemies. [The aforementioned] are also exonerated of any payment obligations to the Jews [… and] may not settle any of the debts with the Jews or do otherwise anything that could hurt the [aforementioned folks]. […] the citizens are free of all vows, promises, and guarantees [made] to Jews which are no longer valid [… and for which] they cannot be held liable by any court or judge. […]
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, H 51, U 251, Orig., dt., Perg, (“Main State Archiv of Stuttgart, H 51, U 251, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial City of Esslingen; Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 9, 1316
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) gives the [city] council and the community of citizens in Worms another one hundred Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller annually in addition to the 300 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller from the local Jews […] for their (citizen’s) services/aid they have rendered to the empire and for the damage they have suffered because of it until he or his successors redeem these 400 Pound with ten times the amount.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); Hannover; 1862;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the old original text both of which can be found in the cited source. The original writ is located in the City-Archive of Speyer.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 23, 1316
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Frederick the Handsome/Fair (“Friedrich, der Schöne”)
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Austria; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews of Neustadt [near Vienna] are prohibited to work as tailors or be faced with confiscation [of the items] by the princely chamber ('landesfürstliche Kammer') and forfeiture of the dresses to the same [authority].[…]
5. Source	Berliener, Abraham: Aus dem leben der deutschen Juden im Mittelalter: zugleich als Beitrag für deutsche Culturgeschichte. Nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen (“From the Lives of the German Jews in the Middle Ages: at the same time as Contributions to German Cultural History. According to printed and unprinted Sources”) (Berlin; 1900)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1316
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) confirms via a writ to the citizens of [Schwäbisch-]Hall that they only need to pay homage to him on [St.] Martin’s Day of the following year and frees […] them of any taxes and services for two years and grants/transfers to them the use of the local Jews for one year […]
5. Source	Weller, Karl: Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch. Im Auftrag des Gesammthauses der Fürsten zu Hohenlohe. Band II. 1311-1350. (‘Book-of-writs for Hohenlohe. Published on behalf of the entire house/line of the princes of Hohenlohe. Volume II. 1311-1350.); (Stuttgart; 1901);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original old text which can be found in Stuttgart’s Stadtarchiv.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 13, 1316
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of the Head of the Community, Knights, and Council Elders
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	The head of the community, knights, and the Council Elders of the city of Frankfurt announce that the Jewish community has transferred the interests […] due on their synagogue, schoolyard, the cemetery and all the homes associated with these to Wingand and Kuntzela Kohnhusen. The Jewish community – in great sorrow – sees no other way out than the sale of the above mentioned interests because of their large debt. The interest is to be paid annually on St. Michael’s Day (September 29) or the following week. […] Should the Jewish community not be able to pay the interest on time, Wigand Kolnhusen shall close the synagogue, the schoolyard, the cemetery, and the associated houses, and keep them closed until the Jews have made the payment. For each week the Jew are late, they are to pay four Marks of Cologne as penalty. Should the Jewish community let ten years pass before repurchasing all or at least half of the interests, the unpaid portion of interest can never be reclaimed/repurchased. […]
5. Source	UB zur Geschichte der Juden in Frankfurt, Nr. 43, S. 13; (“Certificate Book on the History of the Jews in Frankfurt, No. 43, p. 113”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1317
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull of Pope John XXII
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Orders Jews to wear a badge on their breasts and issues a bull against ex-Jews." Gotthard Deutsch and Joseph Jacobs: Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1317
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Duke Friedrich III (the fair) of Austria
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] in light of the many services rendered to Us by the noble Lord Otto von Ochsenstein […] We guarantee him and his heirs the payment of 300 Mark of pure silver of which they are to receive 100 Mark immediately from Our chamber servants, the Jews […], who reside in Colmar […].
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, B 2, Nr. 115, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Darmstadt, City Archive, B 2, No. 115, Original, Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Document was issued in the former “Free Imperial City of Offenburg, Germany.”

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1317
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV (“Ludwig der Bayer”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Louis transfers the bailiwick of the empire’s abbey of Werden and the bailiwick/jurisdiction of the Jews of Dortmund […] to Count Dietrich [VII] of Kleve. […]
5. Source	Duisburg, LA, Kleve-Mark, Urkunden, Nr. 146, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Duisburg, Provincial Archive, Kleve-Mark, Official Documents, Nr. 146, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Since most rulers in the Middle Ages considered Jews to be part of their personal possessions, Jews were often sold and pawned off at will and for monetary gain.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1317
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) orders his chamber-servants, the Jews of Speyer to pay/submit their tithe (‘Zehnten’)* to the Archbishop Peter of Mainz.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Guden’s Codex Diplomaticus (Volume III). *Zehnt was approximately a 10% mandatory tax due to the church, or a king, or local ruler.

1. Full Date of Act	1318 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Diocesan Synod of Brixen” held under Bishop Johannes von Schlackenwert
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy; Prince-Bishopric of Brixen [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] Jews may not appear in public among/in the company of Christians on Good Friday. Furthermore, they should distinguish themselves in their attire from Christians at all times. They should not be used as judges or in any other [public] capacity [to rule] over Christians. Nor should Christians serve them or allow them to feed their children (as wet-nurses). 42) Jews are not to build new synagogues."
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 11 (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 11”).
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1318
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“City Law of Strasbourg” issued by the Magistrate of the City
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Free Imperial City of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	1) If a Jew demands money from a letter of debt [he owns] that is more than ten years old, and if the alleged debtor swears by the Holy Saints that he owes nothing to the Jew, these letters are to be deemed invalid and returned to the debtors. 2) A Jew or his heir, who present letters of debt to the heirs of Christian survivors and testators, must prove that the debts have not existed for more than ten years. The heirs can deny this by swearing to the Holy Saints, whereupon the Jews must return the letters of debt to them. […].
5. Source	UB Straßburg 4, 2, S. 40 f. (Abschnitt 68). “University Library of Strasbourg 4, 2, p. 40 f. (Segment 68)”);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1318
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Exigit Tuorum,” from John XXII to Mary, widow of Philip III and Queen Dowager of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	We have received your petition which stated that, after the general expulsion of the Jews from France, you had come into a large sum, amounting to ten thousand pounds, from the Jews of your territories which had been given to you as your marriage portion or as gifts. Since you do not know from whom the money had been exacted – the original owners may have died or cannot be found – we are granting you our permission to retain the sum, under the condition that part of the money be given to Philip, King of France [i.e., Philip V, coronated in 1317], in support of his planned voyage to bring aid to the Holy Land.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 306.
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher While a similar letter had been issued to Mary by Clement V in 1306, when she was still Queen, Louis X, after his coronation in 1315, allowed the Jews to return to France, also allowing them to reclaim their communal property and their debts, provided two thirds of the latter were turned over to the treasury. Mary apparently tried to ensure, via papal decree, that she would not be bound to return property confiscated or debts collected before the return of the Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 27, 1319
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Pope Johannes/John XXII addressed to the Deacon of Strasbourg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Free Imperial City of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	[…] it has come to Our attention […] that many Jews have extorted and still try to extort a lot of money through the evil act of usury […] which are based on oaths and public records/documents and guarantees of citizens and other collateral handed over to them [by monks] […]; if this is so, you [the Deacon of Strasbourg] are to force the Jews to rescind the oath, [and] to free the guarantors from their guarantees, and content themselves with the [lent] capital and to return the already collected usury interests which they have extorted to the Abbot and the convent […].
5. Source	Stuttgart, HStA, A 502, U 63, Abschr. (besiegeltes Vidimus des Straßburger Offizials vom 17. Juli 1319), lat., Perg. (“Stuttgart, Main State Archive, A 502, U 63, Transcr. (sealed Vidimus ('We saw') of the Strasbourg Officials from July 17, 1319, Latin, [on] Parchment [Paper]”);
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8. Notes	Researcher The document is officially notarized with a seal on 7/17/1319 in Strasbourg.

1. Full Date of Act	May 1319 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews. [Their] conduct during Good Friday” issued by the [City] Council of Zurich
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Switzerland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“One orders/writes to all Councils: The local Jews and Jewesses are not to be seen through windows or on the streets as soon as they hear the [church-]bells ring between [Good] Wednesday and Holy Saturday, and in their homes, they are to refrain from yelling or making loud noises […] lest they be fined by the [City] Council.”
5. Source	Die Zürcher Stadtbücher des XIV. und XV. Jahrhunderts. Auf Veranlassung der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich. Herausgegeben mit Geschichtlichen Anmerkungen von H. Zeller-Werdmüller. I. Band. (City-ledger of Zurich for the 14th and 15th Century. [Complied/Printed] At the request of the Antiquarian Society in Zurich. Published with historical annotations by H. Zeller-Werdmüller. Volume I.); (Leipzig; 1899);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The source dates this original writ of the City Council of Zurich as “before May 1, 1319.”