Acts – Page 29 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 30, 1319
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Order" of Duke Rudolf I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] Furthermore, Jews are not permitted to take/charge unwarranted (excessive) usury.
5. Source	Urkundenbestand des Stadtarchivs Berlin (masch.), Nr. 26, S. 97; Regesten der Markgrafen von Brandenburg, Nr. 2765, S. 816 f. ("Stock of Dokuments of the Archive of Berlin; No. 26, p. 97: Registers of the Margrave of Brandenburg, No. 2765, p. 813 f.")
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1320 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance to Strasbourg” issued by the City Council of Strasbourg, year 1320*
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Strasbourg; Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] no Jew may have or inherit [land] in the city of Strasbourg or anywhere near the burg […] henceforth (‘hinnen furder’) […]”
5. Source	"Forschung zur Geschichte der Juden: Abteilung A: Abhandlungen: Band 2"; ("Research Regarding the History of the Jews: Section A: Treatise: Volume 2); (Hannover; 1995); Accessed Online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The exact date for this ordinance appears to have been lost; however, experts believe that it was issued in the 1320s or early 1330.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 19, 1320
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Decree titled Cum Sit Absurdum [When It Is Absurd] by Pope John XXII
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	As long as Jews converted to Christianity, they did not need to be despoiled.
5. Source	Michael C. Thomsett, “The Inquisition: A History,” McFarland & Company, Inc., London, 2010, p. 118, available from scribd.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher To despoil means to steal or to plunder so as long as the Jews converted to Christianity, they would not have their possessions forcibly taken away from them. Translator The name of this Act was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 4, 1320
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Dudum Felicis Recordationis,” from John XXII to the Archbishop of Bourges and His Suffragans
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	You shall make the Jews who live in the said [French] provinces and dioceses assign to you whole the said law, or book, which they call Talmutz, and all their other books with their additions and commentaries, compelling them to do this by whatever canonical punishments may seem to you expedient. After having subjected the Talmutz and books to careful examination […], you shall burn by fire those of the books which you shall find contain the said blasphemies, errors, falsehoods and curses, calling in the secular arm, if necessary, for this purpose.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 316.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1320
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Significarunt Nobis,” from John XXII to the Rector of the March of Ancona
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	The community of Macerata, which is subject to the Roman Church, and some individuals of the city complained that […] they have become heavily burdened by debts to Jews living there and in the neighborhood. […] Since these Jews do not consider themselves bound up with the edicts against usury issued by Pope Clement V and others among our predecessors, they try to collect from the said community and individuals sums beyond the principal, subjecting them to annoyance and expense. We order that the Jews, satisfied with the principal, shall abstain from the exaction of usury, and you must make the canonical statute apply to them.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 320.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1321
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Dress Code" Issued by Henry II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Henry II of Castile forces […] Jews to wear the yellow badge." Cyrus Adler, Joseph Jacobs: "BADGE;" jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1321
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull issued by Pope John XXII
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "John XXII (1316-1344), who gave his assent to the massacres of the Jews at Chignon and other places, was not alone the enemy of the Jews, but of everybody who would not buy his friendship He was too mundane to expel the Eoman Jews as he was petitioned to do, but what he dared not do through expediency he resolved to accomplish by bigotry. His sister Sangisa suborned a few priests in his favour and induced them to swear that they had seen a body of Jews in a synagogue treating a cross with disrespect. Pope John, without permitting the Jews to exculpate themselves, immediately issued a Bull ordering the banishment of the Eoman Jews from the Province (1321). Full of sorrow, the innocent men decreed a rigorous fast and assembled in their synagogues, but Count Robert of Naples proved their guiltlessness of the charge, through the confession of one of the accusatorial priests to this friend of the Jews; and a Hebrew emissary; who had been despatched to the Papal court, obtained a hearing through Robert's influence and confuted the calumnies of the Clique. It took 20,000 golden ducats to mollify Sangisa's asperity and after receiving this stipulated ramollescence she condoned their residence in the Church States." Gustav Pearlson: “Twelve centuries of Jewish persecution: a brief outline of the sufferings of the Hebrew race in Christian lands, together with some account of the different laws and specific restrictions under which they have ar various times been placed.” p. 162
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 12, 1321
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of the Administrators of the Archdiocese of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Mainz/Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	We, the administrators (‘provisores’) of the Archdiocese of Mainz, assign the knight Tillman of Rüdesheim as compensation for his imprisonment and for what he has suffered in the service of the late Archbishop Gerhard [II] or rather the church of Mainz, […] all the Jews in Mainz […] to move to the City of Bingen or the village of Rüdesheim. The Jews […] are pledged (pawned off) to Tillmann for 50 Mark of Cologne Pennies […] until the administrators (‘provisores’) or the future Archbishop or the church of Mainz have released them (purchased them back) for the remainder of the outstanding balance. […]
5. Source	Wiesbaden, HStA, Abt. 3003, Nr. 2, fol. 10r, Abschr. (17 Jh.), lat., Papier (Wiesbaden, Main State Archive [of Hesse], Dept. 3003, No. 2, fol. 10r, Copy (17th Cent.), Latin, [on] Paper);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion by Charles IV
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1322 Charles IV expelled them [the Jews] again but in 1359 they were brought back, this time with certain requested guarantees of security.” Flannery, Edward H.: “The Anguish of the Jews.” p. 108
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1322 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“City Law” of Strasbourg
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Strasbourg; Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 1) within the city of Strasbourg and its castle region (Burghanngebiets), Jews are not allowed to have possessions or inheritance. 2) Jews are entitled to only one synagogue by law, but are not permitted to use any [private] homes/houses as a synagogue. […] 6) If a Jew holds a letter from any citizen [of Strasbourg] which has been sealed by credible sources, and he or his heirs have not demanded the repayment of that debt by law and/or have failed to prove the debt to be valid within five years of the issuance of the document – through witnesses – the debtor or his heirs can swear to the Saints that they owe nothing and be free of the debt. In such cases, the Jew and his heirs have to return the IOUs back to the debtor, and he or his heirs will no longer have the right to demand the repayment of the debt or to harass the debtor, his heirs or the guarantors in any way. […]” [Researcher’s notes:** Taking into account the codification of the city laws of Strasbourg in 1322 (VI City law) and based on the mentioning of the “four ‘[Stett-]Meistern” in the text which could have only occurred before 1333 – the above regulations regarding the Jews could have only been issued between 1322 and 1333. *The word in the original text is “schüle” which was used interchangeably for synagogues and schools in the Middle Ages.]
5. Source	UB Straßburg 4, 2, S. 168 f. [510-515];Hegel, Recht (1871), S. 975 f. (“University Library of Strasbourg 4, 2, p. 168 f. [510-515]; Hegel, Law (1871), p. 975 f.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews to Function as Liability” for the Parishes of Lodengereut and Petelngeruet
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	Freidrich Zollner, […] chief nurse of the hospital of St. Katharina, as well as Otte Potschmann, head of the hospital/hospital ward (Spitalmeister) of Lodengerewt (Lodengereut) and Petelngerewt (Patelngereut) are to pay an annual interest of 15 Bamberger Pennies for hospital goods on St. Martin’s Day. If the hospital is unable to make the assigned interest payment on time, St. Jakob of Bamberg is to take the interest/money from the Jews.
5. Source	State Archive of Bamberg; HV Rep. 2, No. 284, fol. 16v, Copy (15th century)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 27, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of the Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	The principals of the local Jewish community* of Brandenburg-Neustadt (New City) oblige/commit themselves to pay taxes in the amount of 30 Brandenburger Schillings to the local Christian pastor – payable in two instances – half for Christmas and half for Easter.
5. Source	Brandenburg a. H., Domstiftarchiv (Prince-Bishopric Archive), BDK 1508/1441 (Kopialbuch/Copialbook), fol. 71b, Abschr. (Copy) (14th century), Latin; Brandenburg, Domstiftarchiv (Prince-Bishopric Archive), BDK 1509/1442 (Kopialbuch II/Copial-book II), p. 89 (16th century).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The original text does not specify who made this ruling. However, it lists the witnesses: “The pastors Nikolaus Ruschen and Johann von Zehdenich (Cedenik), as well as the Deacon Friedrich Belzig (Belzyz) and many others.” It also states:” Notarial note of the notary Ludolf […] clergyman of the Diocese of Hildesheim. *While the Latin text uses the term “universitas sive synagoga Iudeorum” (university or Jewish synagogue) in the text, it refers to the Jewish community. This points to the fact that both terms were used interchangeably to refer to the local Jewish community.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by King John of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King John of Bohemia grants Bishop of Olomouc, Konrad I, permission to keep only one Jew (who is free of all Jewish and other obligations and taxes as well as free of any foreign subjugation and only subject to the Bishop) in each of his cities, Svitavy, Zwittau, Müglitztal, [Kremsier], and [Wischau].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin, which can be found in the Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae. While this writ appears to be pro-Jewish at first glance, effectively, it limited the number of Jews who could settle in a specific region.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 13, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Coin Regulation” ('Münzordnung') issued by the Councilmen of the cities "Neustadt" (New City) by the river Havel and "Altstadt" (Old City) by the river Havel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not [permitted] to purchase silver […].
5. Source	Potsdam, LHA, Urkundenabteilung Kurmärkische Stände (Official Document Department Kurmarkt Scores), U I/23, Orig., dt. (German), Parchment.; Potsdam, LHA, Rep. 16 E, Nachlass Seidel (Seidel Estate), Nr. 2, Bl. 55 (Angabe nach Regesten der Urkunden 'Kurmärkische Stände' (According to the records of the documents ‘Kurmarkt Scores’), S. 43).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Jews were not permitted to purchase silver; however, they were permitted to pursue “lending and borrowing operations” (Kreditgeschäfte) for the purpose of making a living, and they were permitted to function as co-signers and guarantors on loans.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 23, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Inter Ecclesiasticos Ordines,” from John XXII to the Archbishops, Bishops and other Prelates in the Kingdom of Germany
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The master and the brothers of the Order of Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem have complained that certain Jews of Germany usuriously extort sums of money from persons, houses and other places belonging to their Order. We order your fraternity to aid in recovering the money extorted as usury. You are not to aid the Jews, since such aid prevents the Order from obtaining justice.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 327.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) pawns off the Jews of Regensburg, along with other pledges/loan, to the three Dukes of Lower Bavaria for 20,000 Mark silver.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Lang’s Regesta Boica (Volume VI).

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 27, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) pledges the named Jews in Buschwiller and Neuwiller (‘Puschwiler und in Nuwiler’) to the knight Fritschmann von Westhausen for 100 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 26, 1322
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) transfers/gives/pledges 200 Mark silver from the Jews in Colmar to Strasbourg knight Hugo, called Schaup.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian), 3/10/1323*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Rothenburg, are permitted pay only 200 Pounds Heller in taxes* after the upcoming Saint Martin’s Day […] and then [after that] according to the [newest] order. […]
5. Source	München, BHStA, Kurbayern Äußeres Archiv 1155/1, fol. 101r, Notiz (zeitgleich), lat., Papier (Bavarian Main State Archive, Munich, Electorate of Bavaria Outer Archive 1155/1, fol. 101r, Note (contemporaneous), Latin, [on] Paper)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *According to experts, this order could have been issued as early as February 24, but no later than March 10. 200 Pounds Heller was, in fact, half of what Jews were normally required to submit in taxes each year. However, this amount could be (and was) changed according to the whims of the king.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Emperor Louis IV (“Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] in addition, we order and command that you [the citizens] view/consider the Jews as our chamber-servants […] in order that they are kept according to law and obey Duke Henry of Bavaria […].
5. Source	Marburg, StA, Urkunde 85, Nr. 10415, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Marburg, City Archive, Official Document 85, No. 10415, Orig[inal], [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Louis IV (Ludwig)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] the judgments against the Jews […] are unassailable and should be obeyed. This legal decision is not to be retried in front of secular judges […] and the abbot and the monastery are relieved of their obligations to pay the Jews back […]. The monastery is exempt from all legal actions brought forth against them by the Jews. […]
5. Source	MGH Const. 5, Nr. 737, S. 574 (“ Monuments of German Historical Constitutions 5, No. 737, p. 574”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This order was signed by the king in Nuremberg, Bavaria.

1. Full Date of Act	May 31, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) permits as per the request/plea of the councilmen of the Altstadt Brandenburg and its citizens, to keep two or three Jews [in that city].
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Riedel’s Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis (Part I, Volume 9.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) commands the Jews of Regensburg, who have been pledged to the Dukes Henry, Otto, and Henry of Bavaria, to abide/be useful to them as they were before to the empire.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original old text which can be found in Lang’s Regesta Boica (Volume VI).

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1323
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis/Ludwig, Roman Emperor by the grace of God, […] especially reserve the Jews of the same city [of Nordhause] as our chamber servants [to ourselves] […]
5. Source	Nordhausen, StadtA, 1.1 Urkunden, I A Nr. 11, Orig., lat. (“Nordhausen, City Archive, 1.1 Documents, I A No. 11, Orig[inal], Latin”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 16, 1324
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege”* mentioned in the first Oath Book of the Council of the City of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Cologne
4. Text of Act	[…] The Council of the city of Cologne, shall do everything in its power to ensure that the Jews of Cologne receive a letter of protection from the chapter of the Stift ('Domkapital'), by which the corresponding letters/decisions of the Council and Archbishop Henry [II. von Virneburg] regarding the Jews are confirmed. On receipt of such letter/document, the Jews are obliged – in friendship and in love – and for the efforts of the Council, to pay 300 Marks of Cologne Pagaments** to the Council and the city. […]
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln 4, Nr. 123, S. 107 f.; Zwei Cölner Eidbücher, S. 64-66. (Sources on the History of the City of Cologne 4, No. 123, p. 107 f.; Two Oath Books of Cologne, p. 64-66);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Privilege were basically special laws. *Pagaments were a form of Gulden, which were basically gold coins.