Acts – Page 30 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 30, 1324
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege” in the First Oath Book of the City Council of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Judges, 'scabini'*, councilmen, and other citizens of Cologne announce […] that all the Jews living in or outside of Cologne are permitted to purchase or rent a house in the Jewish quarter, so long they pay a quarter of the purchase price to the city of Cologne. […]
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln 4, Nr. 124, S. 109 (Teiledition); Zwei Cölner Eidbücher, S. 66 f. (“Sources on the History of the City of Cologne 4, No. 124, p. 109 (Partial Edition); Two Oath Books of Cologne, p. 66 f.")
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *“Scabini” were honorary laity, who, together with judges, assessed the actions of defendants in criminal courts and established the measure of the sentence.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 27, 1324
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludowich’), Roman king by the grace of God […] announce to all who see or hear [or] read this letter that we have bestowed grace upon the noblemen Johann and Gotfrieden, brother-dukes of Fürstenberg, our dear faithful, for the services/aids they have rendered to us, the use of our Jews in Villingen-[Schwenningen] (‘Vylinge’), who are currently residing there and those who will come [there] in the future [… until we or our heirs revoke this permission … for 50 Mark silver …].
5. Source	Fürstenbergisches Urkundenbuch. II. Band. Quellen zur Geschichte der Grafen von Fürstenburg vom Jahre 1300-1399. Bearbeitet von Dr. Sigmund Riezler, Fürstl. Archivrath. (Fürstenburger book-of-writs. II. Volume. Sources regarding the history of the Dukes of Fürstenburg from 1300-1399. Edited by Sigmund Riezler, princely archiv-council.); (Tübingen; 1877);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 12, 1324
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian, pledges to the Burgrave Frederick of Nuremberg (‘Friedrich [IV] von Nürnberg’) and Count Rudolf (‘Rudolph’) of Wertheim the Jewish-taxes in Würzburg for 1,400 Pound ('Pfund') Heller starting with the next [Saint] Martini[’s Day] for four years.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 10, 1324
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian, admits to owing the Counts Ludwig [VI] and Frederick (‘Friedrich’) von Oettingen 1000 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller and pledges to them the Jewish-taxes of Ulm and Nördlingen for it.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 28, 1325
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regal Mandate” issued by Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of the Palatinate; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Hagenau in our Kingdom are to serve Heinrich von Finstingen (Heinrico de Vinsting), until a payment of 300 Strasbourg Pounds have been satisfactorily made.
5. Source	München, BHStA, Kurbayern Äußeres Archiv 1155/1, fol. 113r, 1. Eintrag, Notiz (zeitgleich), lat., Papier. (“Munich, Bavarian Main State Archiv, Electorate of Bavaria External Archiv 1155/1, Fol. 113r, 1. Entry, Note (contemporaneous), Latin, [on] Paper.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1325
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Order” issued by Pope John XXII and addressed to Archbishop Henry of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Since none of our Jews is permitted to demand severe and excessive interests from the Christians, you [Archbishop Henry of Cologne] are to apply to the Jews of your diocese and all other places of your secular rule the Constitutions of the Holy and Apostolic Councils which contains stipulation against reprehensible usury […]. Jews who refuse to return money to Christians that is rightfully theirs should be prohibited from communicating/interacting with the faithful [Christians]. […]
5. Source	Urkunden und Regesten zur Geschichte der Rheinlande 1, Nr. 740, S. 349 f. (“Certificates and Directories on the History of the Rhineland 1, No. 740, p. 349 f.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This document is issued and signed in Avignon.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 10, 1325
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian, replies to Henry (‘Heinrich dem Röten’) […], a citizen of Ulm, the [local] Jewish taxes for as long as it takes for him to pay off Henry (‘Heinrich dem Staufer’) for the goods/properties in Pachenheim.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume II).

1. Full Date of Act	1326 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Statutes” of the City of Saalfeld, year 1326
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 74) […] that we* give the City Council of Saalfeld (‘Salveld’) four fat goose […] which the Jews of Saalfeld [… must] submit - two in the evening of Saint Burchardi Day [October 13] and two in the evening of Saint Martin’s Day [November 10] […]”
5. Source	Saalfeld, StadtA, Stadtstatuten der Stadt Saalfeld, fol. 12r/v, dt. (“Saalfeld City Archive, City Statutes of the City Saalfeld, fol. 12r/v, German”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *Heinrich und Gunther, Dukes of Schwarzburg.

1. Full Date of Act	1326
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jews required to wear a patch"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Council of Avignon order Jews to wear a round patch but not when traveling. "The Church vs. the Jews: the second of our five sections on 'the barbarism of the R. C. Church';" jesuswouldbefurious.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1326
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Cum Sicut Accepimus,” from John XXII to the Archbishop of Treves/Triers
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Since – so we have been informed – some Jews of your parts dare to exact and extort heavy and immoderate usury from Christians, we, desiring to give those Christians opportune aid, grant Your Fraternity by these presents the power to enforce against the Jews in your diocese, or in whatever other places you exercise temporal power in other provinces and dioceses, all the legal enactments against usurers adopted by the sacred councils and by the Apostolic See, until justice is done the Christians by the Jews in these matters; and to compel the Jews by removing from them all contact with Christians, as well as all other opponents and rebels against this, by ecclesiastical punishment without appeal.
5. Source	Grayzel, Solomon. The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century, Volume II (1254-1315). The Jewish Theological Seminary of America: New York, 1989. Page 332.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 28, 1326
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Emperor Louis confirms the taxes for the Jews of Augsburg which are to be due on the upcoming St. Martin’s Day and promises to raise no further taxes from them within the same year.
5. Source	Urkundenbuch der Stadt Augsburg. Herausgegeben von Dr. Christian Meyer, Archivar der Stadt Augsburg. Erster Band. Die Urkunden von Jahre 1104-1346. (Book-of-writs of the city of Augsburg. Edited/published by Christian Meyer, PhD, Archiver of the City of Augsburg. First volume. Writs/official documents from 1104-1346.); (Augsburg; 1874)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a summary of the original Latin text, which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 1, 1326
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Annulment of Debt to Jews” mandate issued by King Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Bavaria
4. Text of Act	[…] with the full heft of Our power, We release the Dukes of Kaysersberg […] as well as the Kings of Türkheim […] of their debt to the Jews of Alsace as well as the[ir] repayment of all principals and interests […].
5. Source	München, BHStA, Kurbayern Äußeres Archiv 1155/1, fol. 120r, 2. Eintrag, Notiz (zeitgleich), lat., Papier. (“Munich, Bavarian Main State Archive, Electorate of Bavaria External Archive 1155/1, fol, 120r, 2. Entry, Note (contemporaneous), Latin, [on] Paper”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 17, 1326
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian (‘Ludwig der Baier’) permits Gerwich and his brother, named Guzzen, to keep Jews in their territory Leipheim (‘Markt Leypheim’) until he revokes [the permission].
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1327
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of the mayor, council, and municipal chief of Esslingen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Esslingen may not purchase and expand the size of their cemetery […], its current size is to remain the three 'morgen' acres*, which we have made available to them […]
5. Source	Karlsruhe, GLA, Liber obligationum 1, fol. 79v, dt. (“Karlsruhe, G[eneral] L[and] A[rchive], Book of Obligations 1, fol. 79v, German”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial City of Esslingen; Present-day Germany Researcher A “morgen” was a unit of measurement in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and the Dutch colonies, and varied anywhere from ½ to 2 ½ acres, or approx. 0.2 – 1 hectare. ('die drie morgen ackers, die wir in gefriet haben')

1. Full Date of Act	1328 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Oath” as issued in the “Privilege” of Duke Bolkos II
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Silesia; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…During the oath] the Jew must wear grey trousers and a grey skirt […] but no shirt […] on his head he must wear a pointed hat. […] He is to stand barefoot on a animal skin which must be wetted with lamb-blood […] The Jew is to swear […] on the Book of Moses [… and say/repeat] ‘of which I’m accused, I’m innocent, so God help me […]'”
5. Source	Lämmerhirt, Maike: Juden in den wettinischen Herschaftsgebieten: Recht, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft im Spätmittelalter. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Thüringen; Kleine Reihe Band 21; (Wien/Köln; 2007); (“Jews in the Wettinian Territories/Dominions: Law, Administration, and Economy in the late Middle Ages. Publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia; Small Series Volume 21; (Vienna/Cologne; 2007)”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This “special” ritual was required for all disputes valued at over 50 Mark; disputes involving less than 50 Mark required of Jews a ‘shorter and simpler’ oath.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 25, 1328
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	We, Louis, Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce to all who see or hear [or] read this letter that we pledge to Ulrich, the Landgrave of Alsace, our dear loyal [subject for his aid in Lombardy and on German lands …] and his heirs/successors the Jews in Sélestat (‘Schletzstatt’) and their taxes with all of their use and rights […] for 1000 Mark silver […] until we or one of our successors redeems them (Jews) back for the [same] aforementioned 1000 Mark silver […]
5. Source	Jo. Dan. Schoepflini Alsatia Periodi Regum et Imperatum Habsburgicae, Lucelburgicae, Austriacae Tantemque Gallicae Dimplomatic. (Mannhemii; MDCCLXXV); (Jean Daniel Schoepflini’s study of documents/writs of the period of the kings and emperors of Habsburg, Lutzelbourg, Austria [and] finally Galicia.); (Mannheim; 1775)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Extortion and Expulsion of Jews” from the City of Mutzig, Ca. 1329
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Strasbourg; Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Comment from Additional Sources: 1) After the Bishop Berthold II of Strasboug had extorted 6,000 Mark from the Jews, the ritual murder of an eleven-year-old boy took place in Mutzig. Under torture, some Jews confessed to the deed and a judgment was issued against them based on “obvious” evidence. Three of them were killed with wheels (“wheeled”). Other, wealthy Jews who were present in Mutzig on the day of the disappearance of the boy, were exiled. […].” [The extortion of the Jews of Strasbourg took place shortly after the arrival of the bishop in the cathedral city (December 21, 1328)]
5. Source	Strasbourg, BM, Abschr. (1870 verbrannt), lat. (Strasbourg, Media Library, Transcript (1870 bannished), Latin)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 27, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of Archbishop Baldwin ("Balduin") [of Luxembourg]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Oppenheim
4. Text of Act	We, holder of the holy seat and defender of the church of Mainz, […] owe the Squire Tillmmann of Saulheim ('strenuous vir Tylmannus de Sawelnh[eim]') for his past and future services 95 Pounds Heller […] and assign the Jews of Oppenheim to pay him an annual income of nine and a half Pounds Heller on Saint Martin’s Day [November 11] […]
5. Source	Darmstadt, StA, A 2 Nr. 197/60, Orig., lat., Perg. (“Darmstadt, City Archive, A 2 No. 197/60, Orig[inal], Latin, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludovig’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] procure (‘verschaffen’) the taxes from the Jews of Augsburg for the noblemen [and] Counts ’Ludovvig’ and ‘Friedrich’ of Oettingen, our dear loyal [….] until it pleases us and [our] revocation […]
5. Source	Wegelini, Jo. Reinhardi: Thesaurus Rerum Suevicarum seu Dissertationum selectarum. Volumen Quantum. (Treasure of things [pertaining to the German people] of Swabia or selected dissertations/discussions. Volume four.); (Lindau; 1760);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 17, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Diocesan Synod of Mainz/Mayence” held under Bishop of Wolfgang von Grumbach
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Mainz/Mayence
4. Text of Act	In all the cities, towns, and provinces of the diocese of Mainz, and the camp of the nation of the Jews, and the towns of the city, both men and women, are to distinguish themselves clearly through their attire from those of the Christian folk within the next two months after signing and publishing of the statute, […] they [Jews] are to refrain from being in any public positions in which they might have authority over Christians […] or to have Christian servants (slaves) where the latter may have to obey [the Jewish] children which will prevent them from having the same status as the Jews and be compelled to observe their miserable rites and be deprived of the communion of the faithful […] that no Christian man is permitted to allege ignorance of this statute, known to all the rectors of the churches of the city from now on and in the provinces where the Jews reside, under the authority of the said penalty of excommunication by the council, […] and [the rectors are] to publicly announce in their own parishes each Sunday of all four seasons, immediately following mass, the aforementioned statute […].
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 12 (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 12”).
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Emperor Louis, the Bavarian, authorizes his chancellor, Hermann von Lichtenberg, to collect/demand all backdated taxes and past-due levies from all Jews in Germany in his name, and to keep a record and to establish new contracts (agreements to pay new taxes) with the Jews as he deems proper.
5. Source	Schaab, C[arl]. A[nton]: Diplomatische Geschichte der Juden zu Mainz. (Diplomatic history of Jew in Mainz.); (Mainz; 1855)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 20, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] We authorize the city and the citizens of Frankfurt to take possession of all the nearby belongings/possessions of the kingdom, whether they may be custom fees (Zolle), weights/scales, Jews, taxes, or the Bornheim courts. Until their redemption by Us or Our successor, the city is to own and utilize the aforementioned for their own benefit. […]
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 2, Nr. 350, S. 260 f.; Codex Diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus, S. 498; UB zur Geschichte der Herren von Hanau 2, Nr. 337, S. 315 f.; MGH, Const. 6, 1, Nr. 593, S. 495; (“Certificate Book 2, No. 350, p. 260 f.; Diplomatic Codex of Moenofrancofurtanus, p. 498; Certificate Book on the History of the Lords of Hanau 2, No. 337, p. 315 f.; Monuments of Germanic History, Constitution 6, 1, No. 593, p. 495”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 23, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” issued by Emperor Louis IV addressed to Henry/Heinrich Bishop of Naumburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis/Ludwig, Roman Emperor by the grace of God, […] inform you (Bishop Henry/Heinrich) that we have entrusted our son-in-law Fredrick/Friedrich, Margrave of Meissen, with the task of collecting and submitting the arrears from the Jews […] from the cities of Naumburg and Zeitz since the time of our coronation. We ask/demand/request that you do not hinder the margrave, but support him, so that the arrears are received. […]
5. Source	Dresden, HStA, 1001 Ältere Urkunden, Nr. 2484, Orig. (Kriegsverlust), ebd. (Foto), lat. (“Dresden, Main State Archive, 1001 Older Documents, No. 2484, Orig[inal], (lost in war), ibid (Photo), Latin”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 27, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” issued by Archbishop Henry [Heinrich] of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Henry (Heinrich), Archbishop by the grace of God, […] and Arch-Chancellor of Cologne and the Roman Empire […] have come to an agreement with the judges, 'scheffenen'* and the Council of the municipality of Cologne […]. […] as security, we pledge [among many other things] the rights over our Jews to the city of Cologne […].
5. Source	Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln 4, Nr. 155, S. 159-169 (“Sources on the History of the City of Cologne 4, No. 155, p. 159-169”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *Scheffen, (like "scabini" in Latin) were honorary laity judges who accessed the actions of defendants and determined the measure of the sentence.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1329
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian, pledges the 200 Pound (‘Pfund’) annual taxes of the Jews of Regensburg and the Jewish court to the Dukes of Lower-Bavaria [in exchange] for 6,400 Mark [or according to the Regensburger documents, for 46000 Fl. Silver].
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text which can be found in the Archive of the city of Regensburg.