Acts – Page 32 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 8, 1330
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration” of the Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Dukedom of Luxembourg; Present-day Luxembourg
4. Text of Act	[…] we pledge to Our beloved brother-in-law and Prince ('fursten') Johannes ('Iohannsen') of Böhmen ('Beheim') ['John the Blind'] and his heirs, for his service during the decisive battle against the Duke (king) Friedrich of Austria, 7,200 Silver Mark […] and the castle and city of Kaysersberg (Cheisersperch), the Blicksburg (Bliksperch) and the city of Türkheim (Durenkeim) and Münster (Monster), the city with the valley, including all pertinence - which include the Jews - until a compensation [has been made]. […].
5. Source	Bonn, UB, Best. 15, Nr. 1159, S. 1-3, Abschr. (15. Jh.), dt., Papier. (“Bonn, Univeristy Library, Best. 15, No. 1159, p. 103, Trascript (15th Centruy), German, [on] Paper.”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *John of Bohemial (“John the Blind”) became King of Bohemia when he married Elisabeth, the daughter of Wenceslaus; although the Kingdom of Bohemia was not established until 1348.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 19, 1330
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Emperor Louis IV (Kaiser Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Territorial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] We graciously release the citizens of Our kingdom [and] city of Colmar, because of the harm they have suffered for Our sake and the kingdom (Reich), from paying Jews - now or in the future - any interests for their debts which they have incurred in two years. The bailiff (Landvogt) of Alsace is to assist them in the enforcement of this order.
5. Source	Regesten Kaiser Ludwigs des Bayern 4, Nr. 64, S. 38; Additamenta quaedam, Nr. 4, S. 97. (Regesta of Emperor/Kaiser Louis IV of Bavaria 4, No. 64, p. 38; Some Additions, No. 4, p. 97)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 28, 1330
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Privilege, issued by Henry II, Archbishop of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Henry, Archbishop of the Church in Cologne by God’s grace, have received the Jews of Cologne in Our protection and custody, for ten years. We shall defend these fellow burghers against all violence, beginning on Candlemas [February 2, 1331]. We recognize and confirm that for this letter, which also bears the seal of Our cathedral chapter, and was delivered to said Jews, they have paid for the sum of eight thousand marks in Cologne currency.
5. Source	Günther, Carl Friedrich. Bilder aus der Hessischen Vorzeit (Images from Ancient Hessian History). Jonghans: Darmstadt, 1853. Page 74.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 29, 1330
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of Archbishop Henry [Heinrich] of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who move into the city at a later date must negotiate an annual annuity ('annua persiona') with the Archbishop or his officials [which are] to be paid to the Archbishop. […]
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Köln Nr. 135 (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Sources on the History of the Jews in the City of Cologne, No. 135”); Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1331 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Diocesan Synod of Breslau/Wroclaw" ('Constitutions') of Bishop Nanker of Breslau/Wroclaw
3. Geography of Act	Prince Bishopric of Breslau [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] Also, the wretched Jews, who have been subjected to permanent bondage (servitude) by their own guilt, (continue) to refuse to distinguish themselves in their clothing from that of the Christians, because they wear hoods such as the clerics do [and] there is not distinction between Jews and Christians. It is indeed unacceptable, and of course, absurd that a blasphemer of Christ does not distinguish himself from a Christian. In order, therefore, to dampen this damnable blending (in) which is sometimes committed by them, which they believe to have an excuse for by obscuring the error, we strictly order in consent with our brothers that the rectors of the churches in the cities and places of our diocese in which Jews are present, are to hold and dispose of these Jews effectively and emphatically, and to abolish the hood (capucia/Kaputze) completely and to no longer permit their usage anymore. […] from now on, Jews are denied the fellowship of Christians under the punishment of excommunication to which all the offenders shall be subject to. […] Jews with hoods [capuciatis/Kaputze] are strictly prohibited from participating in the markets.”
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 12a (Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 12a).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The “Constitutions” of the Bishop Nanker of Breslau/Wroclaw from the year 1331 contains two conditions regarding the Jews, the first of which is only partially decipherable due of a tear in the parchment paper and possibly refers to the building of a synagogue (quasi synagoga iudeorum nostra = Jews have a synagogue). Far more detailed is the second part of the text (de iudeis = of Jews) which is translated above.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 17, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Legislation” listed in the Oath Book of the City Council of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who choose to leave or want to leave Cologne without paying the municipal tax, should be arrested by the issuing entity and forced to submit payment. […]
5. Source	Zwei Cölner Eidbücher, S. 136-141, Weyden: Geschichte (1867), Anhang, Nr. 18, S. 365-368 (Two Oath Books of Cologne, p. 136-141, Weyden: History (1867), Attachment, No 18, p. 365-368)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 2, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludewig’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce publicly with his letter that we give […] Ruprecht, the Inn-keeper of Schweinsberg (‘Schenken von Schvveinsperg’), our loyal and fine heir for the service which he has bestowed upon the empire and will in the future, permission to keep four Jews in the city of Schweinsberg with all the [inherent] rights and uses until we or one of our successors rescind [this privilege …]
5. Source	Kuchenbecker, Joh. Phil.: Analecta Hassiaca. Collectio I. (Marburg; MDCCXXVIII); (Annals of Hesse. Volume I.) (Marburg; 1728);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 9, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” issued and signed by Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig, the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis/Ludwig, […] bequeath the house of the Jews in the Judengasse of Ulm to […] Duke Berthold von Graisbach and Marstetten […]
5. Source	München, BHStA, Pfalz-Neuburg, Alte Gerichte 8, Orig., dt., Perg. (Bavarian Main State Archive, Munich, Palatinate-Neuburg, Old Courts 8, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 15, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Pledging of Jews” (“Juden Versatzung”) issued by Emperor Louis IV (Kaiser Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Territorial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] We pledge the Jews of the Upper and Lower [part of] Rappoltsweiter (Ober- und Nieder-Rappoltsweiler) with all the related rights, for 400 Silver Mark to the noble[man] Johansen von Rappoldstein […], as a thank you, for his previous and future faithful service to the kingdom (des Reiches), until the above said sum has been repaid to him or his heirs.
5. Source	München, BHStA, Rappoltsteiner Urk. 17, Orig. (A), dt., Perg.; Colmar, AD, E 500 (zwei Abschr., ausgeh. 15. oder frühes 16. Jh. [B, C]; ebda. sieben frz. Übers. aus dem 18. Jh.); Colmar, AD, 19 J 16/30 (beglaubigte frz. Übers. vom 15. März 1703); Colmar, AD, E 1624/1 (frz. Übers., 18. Jh.); (“Munich, Bavarian Main State Archive, Rappoltstein (Ribeauville) Document/Certificate 17, Original (A), German, [on] Parchment Paper; Colmar, AD, E 500 (two Transcripts, following 15th or early 16th Cent. [B, C]; ibid seven French translation from the 18th Cent.); Colmar, AD, 19th C 16/30 (certified French translation from March 15, 1703), Colmar, AD, E 1624/1 (French translation, 18th Cent.)”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Document is issued and signed in Nuremberg. On the same day, Louis IV also pawns off the Jews of Colmar to Johansen von Rappoldstein for a significantly higher sum. A later order (issued on 3/26/1331) repeats this order and - in addition - request that the officials and bailiffs (Amtsleute, Landvögten, Vögent) and those faithful to the kingdom/empire are not to hinder Johann von Rappoltstein in the exercise of this right conferred upon him, but to rather assist him if necessary.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 16, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian prescribes to [Johann III von Rappoltstein] (‘Rappoldstein’) sixty Mark silver from the Jews of Colmar annually and 300 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller from the Ungeld* of these in exchange for 1100 Mark silver.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the old original text which can be found in Luck’s Annalen von Rappoltstein. *Ungeld was akin to a consumption tax placed on goods and services.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian absolves the Jews of Nuremberg of any taxes, levies, burdens, and imprisonment for the services they have provided from now on and staring with Walpurgis Day for the next three years for which they (Jews) are to accommodate/serve him with 400 Pound (‘Pfund’) Heller.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of the German summary of the original Latin text. The document is dated “faria ante (the week before) Quasimodogeniti (the 1st Sunday after Easter)."

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 26, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian confirms to the Vogt* of Gera, the old, and his heirs [that they are entitled to] all of their fortresses, Jews, tolls, coins, and escorts/protections [fees].
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I). *A Vogt, an advocatus, was an office-holder/lay lords in the Holy Roman Empire. The Vogts of Gera were an important nobility in the Middle Ages.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludewig’), Roman Emperor by the Grace of God […] announce publicly to those who see or hear [or] read this letter, that we have pawned/transferred (‘versetzen’) the Jews in the lower and upper cities in Ribeauvillé (‘Rapoltzwilre’) […] to our dear loyal […] nobleman Johannes of Rappoltstein (‘Johannes von Rapoltzstain’) for 400 Mark silver […] and that he shall have/possess, use, and enjoy these Jews […] until We or our successors redeem them for the aforementioned 400 Mark silver […] and order all our Landvogts, Vogts, officers, as well as loyal [subjects] - or whatever they may be called - not to hinder/obstruct the aforementioned Johannes and his heirs [to own and use the Jews …]
5. Source	Jo. Dan. Schoepflini Alsatia Periodi Regum et Imperatum Habsburgicae, Lucelburgicae, Austriacae Tantemque Gallicae Dimplomatic. (Mannhemii; MDCCLXXV); (Jean Daniel Schoepflini’s study of documents/writs of the period of the kings and emperors of Habsburg, Lutzelbourg, Austria [and] finally Galicia.); (Mannheim; 1775)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 20, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] We command Our dear chamber-servants [Jews] to pay Our beloved brother-in-law, Duke Gerlach von Nassau 20 Mark Brabanter (Brabanter) […] on the Monday after the holy Christian day of the Pentecost (Pfingsten) […] which we certify with this document. […]
5. Source	Wiesbanden, HStA, Abt. 150, Urk. 460, Original, dt., Perg. (Wiesbaden, Main State Archive, Department 150, Certificate/Document 460, Original, German, [on] Parchment Paper);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Louis, the Bavarian bestows his grace upon Friedrich von Brumbach and his heirs and permits them to keep six Jews on their fortresses (‘Vesten’) or where ever they like.
5. Source	Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland während des Mittelalters. Bearbeitet von Dr. M. Wiener. Erster Teil. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages. Edited by M[eir] Wiener, PhD. First Part.); (Hannover; 1862);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Oefele’s Rerum Boicarum Scriptores (Volume I).

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludowig’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce publicly with this public letter that we have bestowed upon our dear loyal nobleman Ludwig [XI], the old Duke of Oettingen mighty grace [… in that he should have/own] all Jews who are currently there or will settle [there] in the future, [and] that he should use and enjoy (‘niezzen’) them will all the rights [inherently given for this purpose…] until this [permission] is revoked by Us via a mandate […]
5. Source	Neue historische Abhandlungen der Bairischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Erster Band. (München; 1779); (New historical treatise of the Bavarian Academie of Sciences. First Volume; (Munich; 1779.);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 21, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” of Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt and Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] We announce that We have come to an agreement with the Jews, our dear chamber-servants. […] We command the head of the community ('Schultheizzen'), the Council and the citizens of Frankfurt to shield and protect them [the Jews] so long they make payments as agreed upon. […] That is why we have chosen to have mercy upon them […] and require that nobody is to urge or force them in Our name in any way or hurt them […] starting on St. Jacob’s Day and for the next ten years as long as they make annual payment […].
5. Source	UB Frankfurt 2, Nr. 415, S. 310; MGH, Const. 6, 2, Nr. 130, S. 78; (“Certificate Book [of] Frankfurt 2, No. 415, p. 310; Monuments of Germanic History, Constitutions 6, 2, No. 130, p. 78”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This document was signed in Nuremberg, Bavaria.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Emperor Louis IV (Ludwig der Bayer/Louis the Bavarian)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] We give/leave our beloved brothers Dukes Louis and Fredrick of Oettingen (“Ludowigen und Friderichen von Ottingen), as a ‘thank you’ for their faithful service 700 Silver Mark [in the form of] taxes on the land purchased by them in the Landgraviate of Alsace. This sum is to be raised/procured through the annual taxation of the Jews of the kingdom (Reiches) to Strasbourg in the amount of at least 60 Silver mark per year. If the Jews pay more, the debt of 700 Mark is reduced accordingly. […]
5. Source	MGH [Monumenta Germaniae Historia] Const.[itutiones] 6, 2, Nr. 146, S. 90 (aus A). (Monuments of German History-Constitutions 6, 2, No. 146, p. 90 (from A).);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This document is issued and signed in Nuremberg with the seal of the Emperor.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 21, 1331
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	King Louis (‘Ludwig’) sends Sibodo, named Pape, in order that he raise/collect (‘erheben’) the taxes from the Jews in Dortmund.
5. Source	Fahne, Anton: Urkundenbuch der freien Reichsstadt Dortmund. 1. Abtheilung. (Köln/Bonn; 1855); (Book-of-writs of the free imperial city of Dortmund. 1. Section.) Cologne/Bonn; 1855;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 27, 1332
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of Emperor Louis IV [the Bavarian]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludowig’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God, […] announce with this letter, that We permit Our faithful Schenk* Ruprecht of Schweinsberg (‘Rupprechten dem schenken von Sweinsperch’) and his heirs, for his past and future services which he has bestowed upon Us, to have 4 Jews with all of their ‘use/profits’ (‘nutzen’) and rights until We or one of our progeny retracts this [permit].
5. Source	Marburg, StA, Urk. 134, Nr. 4, Orig. (A), dt., Perg.; (“Marburg, City Archive, [Official] Document 134, No. 4, Orig[inal] (A), German, [on] Parchment Paper")
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *A Schenk or Mundschenk was an court official ('a cupbearer') in charge of drinks in the princely courts.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1332
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Declaration" issued by Archbishop Baldwin of Trier
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Trier
4. Text of Act	We, Baldwin (‘Bald[ewin]’), Archbishop of Trier by the grace of God, declare and promise […] with this letter from us and our successor(s) […] that Walram, Count Simon of Sponheim son, (‘Walramen, greven Symons son von Spanheym’) our nephew, servant and man, […] can buy back the town of Kirchberg and all that belongs to it, including the Jews - […] as well as the 50 Maltern* oats and two meadows of Wytzelstrut for 2,000 Pounds Heller as he did on the day of the sale. […]
5. Source	München, BHStA, Sponheim Urkunden 245, Orig., dt., Perg. ("Munich, Bavarian Main State Archive, [Official] Documents of Sponheim 245, Orig[inal], German, [on] Parchment Paper");
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Maltern was an old unit of measurements used for potatoes and grain.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1332
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King John of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King John of Bohemia and Poland confirms the crusaders with the red star […] in Prague the right to establish a toll on the bridge of Prague, and furthermore, orders that each time a corpse of a Jew is brought into Prague, or whenever a Jewish family member crosses this bridge, they are to paid a toll of 72 Heller each time.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1332
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Annulment of Debt Owed to Jews” declared by Kaiser Ludwig
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] that the 'Domstift' (Prince-Bishopric) is exonerated and released of their debt to Jews […] which they owed to Jews […]; and moreover, that no Jews is allowed to bring suit against the Prince-Bishopric and its people/residents regarding this […] and that [the debts] lose their validity henceforth. […].
5. Source	State Archive of Bamberg; B 21, No. 1.1, 140r, Copy (14th century);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1333
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Iraq
4. Text of Act	Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Forced mass conversion of Jews in Baghdad. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 27, 1333
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludewig’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce publicly with this letter that we permit the noblemen, and brothers Louis and Frederick (‘Ludowigen und Frider’), Counts of Oettingen […] to take on and keep Jews in their cities and fortresses and villages […] and to rule over the aforementioned Jews and to use and enjoy them […] as they please […] and as long as we wish and do not rescind [this privilege …]
5. Source	Neue historische Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Erster Band. (München; 1779); (New historical treatise of the Bavarian Academy of the Sciences. First Volume.) (Munich; 1779);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None