Acts – Page 35 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 19, 1343
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Markgrave Ludwig/Louis I (the Elder) of Brandenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[We] Ludowicus/Ludwig/Louis, by the Grace of God, […] to all Jews of the City of Printzlaw and Pozewalk […] you are bound to give us a contribution of ten silver Marks on the day of the feast of St. Martin’s […].
5. Source	Wien, HHStA (Vienna, HH City Archive), Handschriften Blau (Handwritten documents blue) 126, fol. ad 16, Nr./No. 62, Abschr. (Registereintrag/Register entry), Latin.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 29, 1343
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Margrave Charles (‘Wenceslaus’) of Moravia
3. Geography of Act	Margraviate of Moravia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Margrave Charles (‘Wenceslaus’) of Moravia gifts the annual tax, which the local Jews who live there pay, to the city of [Hradisch/Magyarhradis] so that they can [re]build the city walls […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the Latin text. The original can be found in Volume VII of the “Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae.” The Latin document was written and signed in Brno. Margrave Charles became King of Bohemia in 1347; King of the Romans in 1346; and was finally crowned Holy Roman Empire and King of Italy in 1355.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1344
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Emperor Louis, the Bavarian, ensures/appeases the [City] Council of Nuremberg, that in the future, neither He nor His [heirs/family] will aid in any way to see the house of a Christian falls into the hands of a Jew […]
5. Source	Würfel, Andreas: Historische Nachrichten von der Juden-Gemeinde, welche ehehin in der Reichsstadt Nürnberg angericht gewesen, aber anno 1499 ausgeschaffet worden. (Nüremberg; 1755); (Historical News of the Jewish Community that was once established in the Imperial City of Nuremberg but was abolished in the year 1499.); (Nuremberg; 1755)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a summary of the original old text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews from Kurpfalz" Issued by Ruprecht II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Needing money to force his election and eventually coronation, the "contending King" Karl iV found himself in need of a lot of money. He considered the Jews to be the means to achieve this goal. He turned Jews into objects, considered them property and extended his claim for their taxation. Löwenstein, Leopold: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland (Band 1): Geschichte der Juden in der Kurpfalz: nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen dargest. Frankfurt a. M. (1895) p. 16
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 12, 1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Duke Wenceslaus and Louis I of Legnica
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Duchy of Legnica
4. Text of Act	[…] the Dukes of Legnica […] permit the citizens of Legnica to take stones/bricks from the Jewish cemetery for the building of a city wall […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text. The full Latin text can be found in Urkudensammlung zur Geschichte des Ursprungs der Städte und der Einführung und Verbreitung Deutscher Kolonisten und Rechte in Schlesien und der Ober-Lausitz, von Gustav Adolf Tzschoppe […] and Gustav Adolf Stenzel (Collection of historical documents regarding the historical beginnings of cities and for the introduction and dissemination of German colonists and Laws in Silesia and Upper-Lausitz (Reichenbach/Oberlausitz) by Gustav Adolf Tzschoppe […] and Gustav Adolf Stenzel”); (Hamburg; 1832)

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Diocesan Synod of Strasbourg” held under Bishop Berthold II v. Buchegg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France; Free Imperial City of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	[…] In addition, all prelates are prohibited from taking on debts with interest from Jews without the consent of their chapter or religious convention, and that religious communities cannot be obliged to pay back the loans that have been borrowed by their leaders. No one who has vouched for such debts ought to have legal or binding recourse against the religious communities (monasteries) or their superiors/prelates. Any obligation and penalties incurrent under any powers are declared null and void. All judges are prohibited to proceed against such guarantees at the request and insistence of the Jews. Notaries and seal carriers are strictly prohibited from drafting and sealing such contracts under the threat of loss of their office position. […].
5. Source	Medieval Ashkenaz: Corpus der Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden im Spätmittlealterlichen Reich; Synoden und Konzilien 1, Nr. 14 (“Corpus of the Sources on the History of Jews in the Late Middles Ages; Synods and Councils 1, No. 14”).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The orders of the Synod of Strasbourg from 1310 (that chalices are not to be pawned off to Jews) are repeated here again.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 17, 1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of Archbishop Heinrich III of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Bishopric of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…We] purchase from the brothers Johann and Friedrich, […] with the consent of the schoolmaster Kuno of Falkenstein, the cantor Reinhard, and the entire chapter at Mainz, their shares of the castle and town of Salza and the village of Merxleben. […] And they are to take [as payment] 3500 Marks […] silver […] 80 Marks of which are to come from the annual taxes (‘Gülten’) and from the Jews. […]
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Mainzer Ingrossaturbuch 3, fol. 172r-173v, Abschr., dt., Papier; (“Würzburg, City Archive, Ingrossatur-book of Mainz 3, fol. 172r-173v; Copy, German, [on] Paper");
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 25, 1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Margrave Charles (‘Wenceslaus’) of Moravia to the City of Jihlava
3. Geography of Act	Margraviate of Moravia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] However, [if the citizens of Jihlava] decide openly or secretly to cause/prompt the Jews to move back to the places from which they came, or wherever the citizens of Jihlava deem to be the most appropriate/suitable for them, they will not fall out of favor [with the king…]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher While Margrave Charles’s writ starts off pro-Jewish and ends on that note, it also contains anti-Jewish sentiments as seen in the above excerpt. The original can be found in Volume VII of the “Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae.”

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 27, 1345
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King John of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King John of Bohemia permits the City Council of Wroclaw to remove and reuse any stones found in the Jewish cemetery, may they be found laying on the ground or buried in/under the soil in order to the restore the city wall.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which was signed in Prag. The full Latin text can be found in Archiv für Kunde österreichischer Geschichts-Quellen. Herausgegeben von der zur Pflege vaterländischer Geschichte aufgestellten Commission der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Einunddreissigster Band. (Wien; 1864); (Archive for the lore of Austrian historical sources. Published by the Commission for the Imperial Academy of Sciences, established for the care/maintenance of patriotic history. Thirty-first volume. (Vienna; 1864)).

1. Full Date of Act	1346
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jurisdiction over Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Kaiser Ludwig pawns the empirical use of the Jews in Speier and Worms for 6 years for a total sum of 2000 Mark." Löwenstein, Leopold: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland (Band 1): Geschichte der Juden in der Kurpfalz: nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen dargest. Frankfurt a. M. (1895) p. 16
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 22, 1346
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Concessions” of King Johan of Bohemia, Earl of Luxemburg
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Johan, King of Bohemia and Earl of Luxemburg by the grace of God […] 7) […] transform ownership of the Jews in the city of Cologne and in the Archbishopric of Cologne ('Erzstift') and the nearby regions ('Umkreis') which the Archbishopric has on loan from the empire ('riche/Reich') [permanently] to the Archbishop of Cologne which he should hold and keep. […]
5. Source	MGH Const. 8, Nr. 55, S. 78-83; UB zur Geschichte des Niederrheins 3, Nr. 433, S. 348-350; (“Monuments of Germanic History Const[itutions] 8, No. 55, p. 78-83; Certificate Book on the History of the Lower-Rhine 3, No. 433, p. 348-350”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1346
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Louis (‘Ludowich’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce publicly with this letter that we have pledged all Jews of Speyer and Worms - our chamber-servants, who live there right now and those who will in the future - along with all of their rights, services, and use […] which are rightfully ours and that of the empire […] to the high-born/noble Palatine-Count Rupert (‘Ruprecht’), the old […] Duke of Bavaria and our brother-in-law and prince for 2000 Mark silver so that they should have and use these Jews […]
5. Source	Urkunden zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer. Mit Historischen Verein der Pfalz zu Speyer gewidmet von Heinrich Hilgard-Villard. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Alfred Hilgard. (Strassburg; 1885); (Official documents regarding the history of the city Speyer. With the Historical Society of the Palatine of Speyer, dedicated by Heinrich Hilgard-Willard. Collected and published by Alfred Hilgard. (Strasbourg; 1885);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 29, 1346
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Emperor Louis IV [Ludwig der Bayer]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial Cities of Wetterau
4. Text of Act	[…] Ulrich II von Hanau, bailiff ('Landvogt') of Wetterau and the cities of Wetterau – Frankfurt, Friedberg, Gelnhausen, and Wetzlar - is ordered hereby to stop and require the Jews living there to pay the golden penny. […]
5. Source	Braunfels, Fürstlich Solms-Braunfels’sches Archiv, Kopialbuch Hungener Urkunden 2, 4, Nr. 4, Abschr., dt., Papier (“Braunsfels, Princly Solms-Braunsfels Archive, Copy Book Hungener documents/certificates 2, 4, No. 4, Copy, German, Paper”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by the Synod at Prague
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Another synod held at Prague, 1347, commanded the Jews to keep away from the streets and remain in their homes.” Paul Halsall: “Medieval Sourcebook: Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon, 1354 CE.” (September 1999)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” of the City Council of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] few points* contained in the [previous] privileges granted to the Jews, which according to the teaching of 'good' clergymen, has now become evident, to be incompatible with God and the salvation of our souls. Therefore, [we] Councilors/Councilmen have decided to revoke these points with the next extension of these privileges […]. Disputes that involve money/monetary payments ('Geldzahlungen') and food-related issues shall no longer be brought forth and negotiated in a synagogue and in front of the head of the Jewish community as it has been done in the past. […] The gates that stand at the end of the Jewish alley ('Judengasse') shall not be structurally modified in the next thirteen years. […]
5. Source	Köln, HAStadt, Best. 30, V2, fol. 5r/v; Abschr. (zeitnah), dt. Perg. (“Cologne” City H[istory]A[rchive], Stock 30, V2, fol. 5r/v; Copy (contemporary), German, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Upon further examination, it is clear that there were not a “few” points that needed to be modified but technically just one; however, one of extraordinary importance.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Switzerland
4. Text of Act	Emperor Louis, the Bavarian, confirms the Jewry of Zurich, his chamber-servants, payment of 50 Florentine Gulden, which they have been submitting to Count Eberhard von Nelleburg [his Landvogt*] as per his order for two years as tax-payments […]
5. Source	Regesta Imperii. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz. (Academy of Sciences and Literature of Mainz. [RI VII] Ludwig der Bayer (Louis, the Bavarian); 1314-1347 - [RI VII] H. 6); www.regesta-imperii.de.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *A Vogt or Landvogt was akin to bailiffs in certain German-speaking territories during the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 14, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order [of Pawning of Jews]” by Emperor Louis IV [Ludwig der Bayer]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Gelnhausen
4. Text of Act	[…] we pledge Our and the empire’s Jews living in Gelnhausen (‘Geilnhusen’) [to Heinrich of Isenburg] with all the accompanying rights. […]
5. Source	UB [Urkundenbuch] zur Geschichte der Herren von Hanau 2, Nr. 729, S. 714 f. (“Certificate Book for the History of the Lords of Hanau 2, No. 729, p. 714 f.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This document was issued and signed in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 8, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by King Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Charles IV transfers the Wroclaw Jews – his chamber servants – to the [City] Council of Wroclaw for their protection and permits the city to increase levies/taxes on Jews as much as they see fit.
5. Source	Breslauer Urkundenbuch bearbeitet von Georg Korn. Erster Teil. (Breslau; 1870); (Historical Documents of Wroclaw edited by Georg Korn. First part.) (Wroclaw; 1870)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text, both of which can be found in the source cited.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 4, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Roman Emperor Charles IV
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Carl IV orders all judges, lay judges of the cites and markets of the kingdom of Bohemia to stop and require the Jews in their cities to submit the interests/taxes to the royal chamber-servant Jew [named Trostlin] in Prague.
5. Source	Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae. Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte Mährens, im Auftrage des mährischen Landes-Ausschusses, herausgegeben von P. Ritter v. Chlumecky, und redigirt von Joseph Chytil. Siebenten Bandes (1334-1349). II Abteilung (bog. 56-88); (Brünn, 1860); (Codex of Documents and Letters from Moravia: Collection of official documents regarding the history of Moravia, commissioned by the Moravian land-committee, edited by P. Knight Chlumecky, and reedited by Joseph Chytil. Seventh Volume (1334-1349); II Division (p[apers] 56-88)); Brno; 1860;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” issued by King IV (“Karl”) IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Swabian
4. Text of Act	We, Carl/Karl […] pledge to our faithful Albrecht von Rechberg and his heirs the Office of the ‘Community President’/Mayor ('Ammanamt'), the taxes, the Jews, the taxes on goods, tariffs, and the domain of Ulm ('das rich ze Ulme') […] for 1000 Mark silver. […]
5. Source	Ludwigsburg, StA, B 207, U 2, Insert, dt., Perg. (“Ludwigsburg, State Archive, B 207, U 2, Insert, German, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Swabian Imperial City of Ulm; Present-day Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 17, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Additional Taxation of Jews” issued by King Charles (Karl IV)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	We, Karl, Roman King by the grace of God, […] announce to those who read or hear this letter/document, that We owe our beloved and loyal servant Burkhard von Eptingen (Purkharten von Eptingen) […] two hundred mark of Colmar weight (currency) for his service, which he has absolved and showed to Us. And in order to guarantee him this debt, we assure him and his heirs twenty mark the of annual taxes of the Jews of Colmar as payment for this debt […] which they are indebted to Us and the kingdom […]. These twenty marks are not to be deducted from the main sum which they have committed to Us and our successors* in the past […].
5. Source	Colmar, AM, AA 172/5, Orig., dt., Perg. (mit einem Waagerechten Schnitt rechts in der Mitte); (“Colmar, AM, A[rchive for] A[nthropology] 172/5, Orig[inal], German, [on] Parchment Paper.”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The debt of the King was a levy placed on Jews in addition to the taxation the Jews faced every year.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 31, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Roman Emperor Karl IV (Charles IV)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Nuremberg
4. Text of Act	[…] the Earls (Burggrafen) Johann and Abrecht, their heirs, and their independent debtors and citizens are exonerated of all debts owed to any and all of Our Jews who live in our Kingdom/domain whether permanently or temporarily, or who reside under someone else(‘s jurisdiction) […] and especially [debts owed to] those Jews whose life and property belong to Our chamber and who are under Our power and jurisdiction. […].
5. Source	Bamberg, State Archive, BBU 251, Original.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Announcement” issued by King Carl IV (“Karl”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, […] give the duke Fredrick von Teck ('Friedrich von Tecken') for his proven [past] and future service (the use of) the [office of the] bailiff ('Landvogtei') of Our empire and the land of Frankonia with all its rights, taxes, and Jews and everything that is part of it/belongs to it ('und allem dem, das darczu gehort') […]
5. Source	Nürnberg, StA, Reichsstadt Rothenburg, MA U 300, Orig., dt., Perg. (“Nuremberg City Archive, Imperial City of Rothenburg, MA U 300, Orig[inal], German, [on] parchment paper”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 4, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Grant” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Mainz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…We…] grant Abby John Hersfeld ('Iohanni… abbati… Hersfeldensi') for his devotion […] the right to have and keep Jews ('ius habendi et retinendi iudeos') in his city of Hersfeld in the [Arch-]Diocese of Mainz […]. He may use and keep the Jews he [chooses to] settle [there] for his own good and in the service of the Abby and the monastery as a fief [from Us] ('in feodum') in addition to the fiefs already granted to him. We order the master-consuls, council-members and the entire community of Hersfeld ('magistris consulum, consulibus totique universitati Hersfeldensi') – in order to keep Our favor/goodwill - to permit the Abby and the monastery to use and enjoy their fief unhindered if they wish to escape the severest of punishments. […]
5. Source	Marburg, StA, Urk. 56, Nr. 377, Orig. (A), lat. Perg.; (“Marburg City Archive, Document 56, No. 377, Orig[inal] (A), Latin, [on] parchment paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 25, 1347
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Announcement” issued by Knight Johann vom Steine (“Iohan vom Steine”)
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Mainz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	I, Iohan vom Steine, knight, agree and announce to all people […] that the honorable […] Henry [III], Archbishop of Mainz ('Heinrich, ertzbischof zu Mentz') and his [Arch-] Stift (prince-archbishopric) owe us 1000 small Gulden/Guilder* […] which the Kawertschen** and Jews of Bingen are to pay off each winter [by submitting] 100 Pounds ('100 Pfund') on Saint Martin’s Day […].
5. Source	Würzburg, StA, Mainzer Urkunden 4076 und 4077, Orig., dt. Perg. (“Würzburg City Archive, Documents/Certificates of Mainz 4076 and 4077, Orig[inal], German, [on] Parchment Paper”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Gulden is a German and Dutch term for gold coins equivalent to the English term guilder. *The term Kawertschen referred to money-lenders.