Acts – Page 37 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1349
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Charles gives all goods and properties of the Jewry in Speyer to the local citizens [for the services they have provided to him in the past and will in the future and for all the damages they have suffered …] and declares that all Jews who will settle [in Speyer] in the future belong to the city as well.
5. Source	Urkunden zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer. Mit Historischen Verein der Pfalz zu Speyer gewidmet von Heinrich Hilgard-Villard. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Alfred Hilgard. (Strassburg; 1885); (Official documents regarding the history of the city Speyer. With the Historical Society of the Palatine of Speyer, dedicated by Heinrich Hilgard-Willard. Collected and published by Alfred Hilgard. (Strasbourg; 1885);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the old original text both of which can be found in the cited source. The original can be found in the City-Archive of Speyer.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 1, 1349
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate, issued by Emperor Carl IV, to the Jewish moneylenders in Strasbourg and elsewhere in the empire
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France, Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Charles, by God’s grace King of the Romans etc., herewith openly state and proclaim that the noblemen Eberhard and Ulrich of Württemberg, as well as their guarantors, by Our royal grace and the Lord’s power, are released from all debts owed to the Jews, Our chamber servants [‘Kammerknechte,’ i.e., the property of the Emperor), wherever they may have resided or reside now, and namely in the City of Strasbourg, and that all claims to these debts are completely null and void.
5. Source	Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg [Archives of the German State of Baden-Württemberg]. Facsimile of original document: König Karl IV. erläßt den Grafen Eberhard II. und Ulrich IV. alle Schulden bei Juden und löst ihre Bürgen (King Charles IV releases Landgraves Eberhard II and Ulrich IV from all debts to Jews and also releases their loan guarantors). Digital Resources (www.landesarchiv.de), Call Number WR 6413. Article online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher for an explanation of Jewish “chamber servitude” in the Middle Ages, see “KAMMERKNECHTSCHAFT” at www.jewishencyclopedia.com.

1. Full Date of Act	May 2, 1349
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document” issued by Margrave Fredrick/Friedrich addressed to the [City] Council of Nordhausen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[… we have commanded] the Jews to be burned (‘burnen’) in all of our lands for the great evil that they have committed against the Christians by poisoning the wells […] the people of Nordhausen may now do the same. […]
5. Source	Neue Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiet historisch-antiquarischer Forschung. Herausgegeben von dem Thüringisch-Sächsischen Verein für die Erforschung des vaterländischen Altertums und Erhaltung seiner Denkmale. Elfter Band. (“New Announcements from the Field of Historical-Antiquarian Research. Published by the Thuringian-Saxonian Association for the Study of Patriotic Antiquity and the Preservation of its Monuments. Eleventh Volume.”); (Halle, 1865);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1349
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Emperor Charles IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Emperor Charles (‘Karl’) IV pledges all Jews who have survived the second Jewish-slaughter (1346) - including their use and service - to the City Council of Frankfurt and the city for 15,200 Pound/Pfund Heller […] along with all of their property in case they were killed or died in the meantime.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed Online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the Latin text. The original can be found in Senckenberg’s Selecta Juris et Historiarum.

1. Full Date of Act	1350
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Hebrew and the Practice of Judaism outlawed"
3. Geography of Act	Ethiopia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "From the 14th century onward, with the brief exception of the rule of one Jewish emperor named Tewodros II in the 1800’s, the vast majority of Ethiopian Jews were forced to live as powerless and exploited landless peasants." "The History of Ethiopian Jewry;" unitedwithisrael.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1350 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law of evidence issued in Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] For about money no Jew’s oath is permissible against Christian persons and no Jew may convict a Christian man about money. […]"
5. Source	Magdeburg-Breslauer Systematisches Schoeffenrecht III, 2, 38.The Jews in Medieval Germany, Chicago 1949, page 262
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 4, 1350
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Charles IV, King of Bohemia confirms to the son of Mathias of Eger, Peter, the Judge of Saaz and his wife Agnes the judicial office/bench in the city of Saaz […] and exert the jurisdiction over the Jews [in the city to them as well].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text. The Latin text can be found in Volume II of the “Codex Juris municipalis regni Bohemiae.”

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1350
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by King Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Charles of Bohemia declares that – even though the common people in Eger have shown malice in destroying the possessions of the local Jews – he is willing to forgive these misguided sinners and the people of the community of Eger, because the noble/distinguished citizens have made amends to him.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in “Privilegia Regalium Civitatum Provincialium Regni Bohemiae; Anorum 1225-1419.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 22, 1350
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ issued by Emperor Charles (‘Karl’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Charles (‘Karl’), Roman Emperor by the grace of God […] announce and make public with this letter/writ to all who see, hear, or read it […] that we have bestowed our special royal grace upon the nobleman Heinrich Grauen von Hoenstein, and the lords of Sundershusen, our dear loyal, and give all goods/possessions (‘daz Gut’) of the ruined/killed (‘verderbten’) Jews, our chamber-servants […] in Nordhausen […] to the city and the citizens […] Therefore, all communal and private goods/properties of Jews are to be those of the aforementioned citizens […].
5. Source	Förstemann, Ernst Günther: Geschichte der Stadt Nordhausen. Erste Lieferung, bis zum Jahre 1250. (History of the city Nordhausen. First issue, until the year 1250.); (Nordhause; 1827);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above writ was given after a number of Jews were either chased away or killed in Nordhausen.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 8, 1350
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of Rudolf Otto of Liechtenstein[-Murau]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Liechtenstein
4. Text of Act	[…] If the Jews want to leave the domain […] they are to apply for permission, however, the people of Liechtenstein promise to give them protection and not to hinder them from departing […] For these rights/privileges, Jews are to pay eight Mark silver annually on St. Jacob’s Day (July 25) as long as they remain in the area of Liechtenstein. Should the Liechtensteiner decide to remove the Jews from their domain, Jews have the right to remain in Murau for one more year while retaining the same rights/privileges.
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline and Brigit Wiedl: Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 2: 1339-1365. (Innsbruck/Wien/Bozen; 2010); (Regesta pertaining to the history of Jews in Austria during the Middle Ages. Volume 2: 1339-1365); (Innsbruck/Vienna/Bolzano; 2010)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above privilege of Rudolf offers a number of protections for Jews as well.

1. Full Date of Act	1352
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Church Council of 1352
3. Geography of Act	Bulgaria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The church's struggle with heresy in Bulgaria also affected the Jews. The Church Council of 1352 excommunicated Jews and heretics. Three Jews were condemned to death on a false charge of blaspheming saints. Although the verdict was repealed by the czar, the mob took vengeance on the accused.” "Virtual Jewish History Tour; Bulgaria." Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 6, 1355
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Majesty Carolina” (‘Maiestas Carolina’) of King Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) Jews are to pay the[ir] taxes to the Royal Chamber (directly) […] 2) Should a Jew inherit an estate as part of a debt [payment], he may not sell it without the explicit permission of the king. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of the German summary of the original Latin text; both can be found in the source cited. The complete Latin text can also be found in Volume II of Jirecek’s Codex Juris Bohemici.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 28, 1355
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Charles IV absolves the monks of the cloister of Waldsassen of any debt they owed to Jews – his chamber servants -- who were formerly killed and came to demise in Nuremberg, Eger, or any other place by the fate/doom of God.
5. Source	Geschichte des Egerlandes (bis 1437) von Heinrich Gradl. Mit Unterstützung der Gesellschaft zur Förderung deutscher Wissenschaft, Kunst und Literatur in Böhmen. (Prag; 1893); (History of Eger [land] (until 1437) by Heinrich Gradl. With support of the society for the advancement of German science, art, and literature in Bohemia.); (Prague; 1893)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This writ is particularly noteworthy, because the King had absolved the cloister in Waldsassen 10 years earlier of all of their debt owed to Jews. This is translation of a German summary of the original Latin.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1356
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Emperor Charles IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Emperor Charles IV ('graciously') declares that all [debts] the citizens or community owe to Jews in the old-town of Prague that are not presented according to current law by St. Giles day (St. Aegidius) become invalid.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of the German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in Volume I of Codex Juris municipalis regni Bohemiae. The original Latin was written and signed in Prague and bears the date September 2-4, 1356.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 25, 1356
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Charles IV, "Golden Bull"
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	Chapter IX.- Mines of Gold, Silver, and Other Metals - We decree, by this present law, that our successors, the kings of Bohemia, and all the electoral princes, ecclesiastical and secular, shall hold and possess with full rights, all mines of gold, silver, tin, copper iron, lead, or other metals, and all salt works, both those already discovered and those which shall be discovered in the future, situated within their lands, domains, and dependencies. They shall also have authority to tax Jews, the right to collect tolls already in force and all other rights which they or their predecessors have possessed to the present day.
5. Source	"The Golden Bull of Charles IV 1356." Paul Halsall, Fordham University. 1996. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Charles IV/Karel IV was Holy Roman Emperor, and although the territory included Germany, it also included a bunch of other countries, like Luxembourg, the Czech Republic (Charles himself was a Czech), Switzerland, Austria, etc.

1. Full Date of Act	1359 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Charles V
3. Geography of Act	France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[Jews must pay] … an entry fee of fourteen florins per head of household and one florin for each member, and, in addition, seven florins per year and by 'land tenure' and a florin for each family member.”
5. Source	Les expulsions des Juifs de France, (The expulsions of the Jews from France) Dr. Richard Rossin, former Secretary General of the MSF. Co-founder of MDM. Delegate of the Collectif Urgence Darfour.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1360
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ordinance Requiring Jews to Wear Distinguishing Markings" issued by Pope Innocent VI, 1360
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1360 an ordinance of the city of Rome required all male Jews, with the exception of physicians, to wear a coarse red cape, and all women to wear a red apron. Inspectors were appointed to enforce the regulation. Noncompliance was punished by a fine of 11 scudi; informers who pointed out offenders were entitled to half the fine." "Jewish Identification: Jewish Badge;" jewishvirtuallibrary.org 2) "The Jews were also forced to labor at the restoration of the walls of Rome without any compensation." "History of the Jews in Italy;" wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 13, 1360
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	We, Rudolf, by the grace of God Duke of Austria, to Styria and Corinthia […] vow and profess publicly with this letter to all who see, hear, or read it, that we vow […] – for us and our brother and all of our heir/successors, Archdukes of Austria, to Styria and Corinthia […] – that we will and shall not receive, accept/take in, protect or keep […] Jews who come in from their lands, principalities, domains, and cities wherever they may be located or may be called […] except [when on order of…] our lord/ruler, the emperor and once king of Bohemia and Margrave of Moravia […].
5. Source	Korunni Archiv Cesky. Sbirka Statnich Listin Koruny Ceske Z Doby Od R. 1306 Do R. 1378). Podporou “Ceske Akademie Ciscare Frantiska vydal Dr. Hermenegild Jirecek. (Praze; 1896); (Chief Czech Archive. Collection of National Documents of Czech Crowns/Kings from 1306 to 1378. With the Support of the Czech Academy Ciscare Frantiska Josefa, published by Dr. Hermenegild Jirecek.); (Prague; 1896)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1361
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Cancelation of Debts Owed to Jews” issued by Ottocar I
3. Geography of Act	Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1361 he (Ottocar) personally examined the notes held by the Jews against citizens of the Altstadt and canceled those which had not been paid; five years later he transferred the house of the Jew Lazarus, in the vicinity of the Church of St. Nicholas, to the university.” Gotthard Deutsch and Schulim Oschser: Jewish Encyclopedia: Prague; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 10, 1361
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate, issued by Emperor Carl IV, to the Jewish moneylenders in Strasbourg and elsewhere in the empire
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France, Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Charles, by God’s grace King of the Romans etc., herewith release, by Imperial grace and the perfection of Imperial power, and with righteous awareness, the noblemen Eberhard and Ulrich, landgraves of Württemberg, and all of their heirs, their dominion, their servants, their cities, the poor among their subjects and their guarantors, from all debt incurred in the year 1349 and afterwards, that are owed to the Jews, Our chamber servants [‘Kammerknechte,’ i.e., the property of the Emperor), wherever they may have resided or reside now, as well as from any claims and damages stemming from these debts.
5. Source	Württembergische Kammer der Abgeordneten [Württemberg Chamber of Representatives] (govt. body). Verhandlungen der Württembergischen Kammer der Abgeordneten in den Jahren 1862 bis 64 (Proceedings of the Württemberg Chamber of Representatives in the Years 1862 to 1864). First Volume of Appendices, Second Part. Metzler: Stuttgart, 1863-1864. Page 1168.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher for an explanation of Jewish “chamber servitude” in the Middle Ages, see “KAMMERKNECHTSCHAFT” at www.jewishencyclopedia.com.

1. Full Date of Act	1365
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews" issued by the Magistrate of Metz
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In 1365 they [Jews] were expelled by the magistrates, who assigned their presence as the cause of the destruction of twenty-two houses by lightning. Deutsch, Gotthard and U. Ury: Metz; Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1365
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV addressed to the [City] Council of Basel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Switzerland; Prince-Bishopric of Basel
4. Text of Act	[Charles IV transfer jurisdiction of Jews in Basel to the city itself and orders them …] to obediently shield/protect Jews - Our chamber-servants, who are presently in Basel or who will be moving there in the future and to tax and to enjoy them/their taxes (‘niessen’) […] and that these Jews shan’t be beholden to anyone [but to them …] until We retract [this given privilege…]
5. Source	Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde. Herausgegeben von der Historischen und antiquarischen Gesellschaft zu Basel. Siebenter Band. (Basel magazine/journal for history and antiquity. Published by the Historical and Antiquarian Society of Basel. Seventh volume.); (Basel; 1908)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 6, 1366
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued and signed by Field-Judge (‘Feldrichter’) Ruprecht Geresdorfer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[A lease agreement between various people named and the cloister regarding land to be leased for the purpose of growing grapes/wine and the manner in which payments are to be made and when. The lessees are allowed to sell or transfer their shares] how-ever and to whomever they want, […] except to Jews - such letter/contract transferred/sold to Jews shall have no legal weight/be invalid. […].
5. Source	Brugger, Eveline; Birgit Wiede: Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Österreich im Mittelalter. Band 3: 1366-1386. Herausgegeben vom Institut für jüdische Geschichte Österreichs. (Regesta regarding the history of Jews in Austria in the Middle Ages. Volume 3: 1366-1386. Published by the Institute for Jewish history in Austria.); (Innsbruck; 2015)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 12, 1366
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued to a friar (‘Minoriten’) by the City [Council] of Gastrogiovanni
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	[…] to ensure that the synagogues that are being built [by Jews] are unadorned (simply) and appropriately small according to regulations […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte und Literatur. Von Dr. Zunz. Erster Band. (Regarding History and Literature. By Dr. Zunz. First Volume.); (Berlin; 1845);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1366
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Ruprecht I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[Ruprecht] gives [the Jews Weinheim, Godelieb, Moysse, Nurnberg, and Symelyn …] legal authority to punish Jews for any immodesty on this side of the Rhine and according to the assessment of the local authorities […].
5. Source	Regesten der Pfalzgrafen am Rhein 1214 – 1508. Herausgegeben von dem Badischen Historischen Commission. Erster Band. 1214-1400. (Regesta of the Counts of Palatine on the Rhine. 1214-1508. Published by the Historical Commission of Baden [Germany]. First Volume. 1214-1400.); (Innsbruck; 1894);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.