Acts – Page 38 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 31, 1377
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege” issued to eighteen Swabian imperial cities by Wenceslaus
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; Swabian
4. Text of Act	We, Wenceslaus (‘Wenczlaw’), Roman king by the grace of God, […] announce herewith and let it be known with this letter [that we renew the privileges given to …] the cities: Ulm, Konstanz, Esslingen, Reutlingen, Rottweil, Überlingen, Memmingen, Biberach [an der Riss], Ravensburg, Lindau, St. Gallen, Kempten, Kaufbeuren, Leutkirch and Isny [im Allgäu], Buchhorn [and confirm their independence/freedom and promise not to move/exchange, sell, or let it expire … and transfer all common taxes, including those due from Jews to these cities …].
5. Source	Deutsche Reichstagsacten unter König Wenzel. Erster Band. Erste Abteilung. 1376-1387. Herausgegeben von Julius Weizsäcker. (München; 1867); (German Parliamentary Files/Documents of King Wenceslaus. First Volume. First section. 1376-1387); Munich; 1867.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Holy Roman Empire/Free Imperial Cities of the Swabian Leagues of Cities; Present-day Germany, Switzerland Researcher Transferring jurisdiction over Jews to the individual cities meant that these could then tax Jew as they saw fit.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 28, 1379
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Queen Dona Juana, wife to Henry II of Castilla, to confiscate a synagogue and give it to the Catholic Church, Valladolid, Castilla
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	Know that I was told to me and I knew for certain, that the Jews of the Ajama of this town had a small house of prayer. And then they made it much greater and nobler and more precious than it was first, and of much greater value than the parish where it is located, even though they were not allowed to do so. (…) And as this is against the law and in great service of God and prejudice of said parish, therefore I want to continue and guard according to the rights that are established in this case, in which it is said that the Jews cannot build new synagogues or make old ones better than they were before, and if they do so, the Jews should lose the building to the church. (…) Because I order you that after seeing my ordenance, (…) that you give possession of this synagogue located in the city of Valencia, to Don Gutierre for that same grace Bishop of Oviedo.
5. Source	“Apuntes sobre los judíos coyantinos y sus sinagogas (siglos XIV y XV),” (Notes on the Coyantino Jews and their synagogues (fourteenth and fifteenth centuries)); by Miguel Angel Millán Abad. Accessed online
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 26, 1380
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Written Order" issued by Duke Albrecht III
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] We order, with grace, our Jews from Newnburg […] and our other Jews from Vienna […] that this wall is to be - and to remain - sealed off […] and it is not to be used now or at a later time as a passage […] and that the gate is not to be entrusted to the above mentioned Jews.
5. Source	Quellen and Forschungen zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutsch-Österreich (Band II); (1909) (Sources and Researches to the History of the Jews in German[y]/Austria (Volume II))
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Albrecht ordered to have a wall erected that would seal off the gate that permitted Jews access to their Jewish Quarters.

1. Full Date of Act	1381
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews from Strasbourg"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Strasbourg. "Catholic Timeline Of Jew Hatred;" sullivan-county.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1383
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by the City Council of Nuremberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	3. What the Jews’ own council agree on by majority, the others shall not contradict, lest they pay a penalty of ten guilders to the City. 4. Nobody shall board a foreign Jew longer than one week, except a student who is here to learn; and whoever keeps a Jew any longer, shall pay a penalty of one guilder per day, as well as the foreign Jew. 8. Also, none of our Jews shall lend any money to a foreign Jew; any Jew proven to have lent money to a foreign Jew shall pay a quarter of the sum to the City. 9. No foreign Jew may lend any money in the City, whether with or without interest. 10. The citizens of the Council also ordain that none of our Jews and Jewesses, here already or yet to arrive, shall pledge allegiance to any other lord or realm, nor become their citizens, unless they have renounced their [Nuremberg] privileges before the Council. Any proven contravention shall incur a fine of one thousand guilders, and the estate of the Jew, all of his property, wealth, and loan claims shall fall to the City.
5. Source	Stern, Moritz. Die isrealitische Bevölkerung der deutschen Städte [The Israelite Population of the German Cities]. H. Fiencke: Kiel, 1896. Page 229.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1383
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish-school (Synagogue)” issued the Mayor and [City] Council of Zurich
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Switzerland
4. Text of Act	All Jews in our city are to attend the same school […] and henceforth, they are not to separate themselves [into smaller special groups …]. No Jew is to make things difficult for another - at school or on their way to school - or to commit a heinous act, whether in words or in deeds. The [City] Council is to punish those, who do this, harshly.
5. Source	Die Zürcher Stadtbücher des XIV. und XV. Jahrhunderts. Auf Veranlassung der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich. Herausgegeben mit Geschichtlichen Anmerkungen von H. Zeller-Werdmüller. I. Band. (City-ledger of Zurich for the 14th and 15th Century. [Complied/Printed] At the request of the Antiquarian Society in Zurich. Published with historical annotations by H. Zeller-Werdmüller. Volume I.); (Leipzig; 1899);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 24, 1385
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia orders all judges to secretly and silently arrest and hold all Jews in their jurisdiction this next Friday after the day of Reminiscers Sunday [March 3] at 2 am and to make sure that none of them escape. After closing off their homes and locking away their belongings, they are to watch over the Jews and their possessions as long as this order is valid.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text which can be found in its entirety in Franz Palachy’s Ueber Formelbücher, zunächst in Bezug auf böhmische Geschichte. Nebst Beilagen.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1385
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Swabian League of Cities
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Those who owe any debts to Jews, be the debtor rich or poor, shall settle their debts until August 24 of this year, but have the right to deduct one quarter from the total amount owed, as well as from the interest due. However, those who have borrowed from Jews in the current year, shall be relieved of any interest payments by the grace of His Majesty the King. In the future, Jews may only charge a maximum interest of one guilder for every ten guilders, every two years.
5. Source	Schreiber, Heinrich. Geschichte der Stadt und Universität Freiburg im Breisgau (History of the City and University of Freiburg im Breisgau). Vol. III. Wangler: Freiburg, 1857. Page 39.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 10, 1385
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Agreement on the Legal Residence of Jews,” enacted by the Swabian League of Cities
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, the united cities, which maintain the League in Swabia, having convened in Ulm, recognizing the matters before us, which have caused ill will and dispute among men [in our cities], have decided in our Council, that as of one year from today’s date, no city in our league shall admit any Jew as a citizen who is not [already] a resident citizen of one of our cities, nor shall they admit him otherwise.
5. Source	Historical Commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.). Die Chroniken der fränkischen Städte. Nürnberg (Volume 1) [The Chronicles of the Frankish Cities. Nuremberg (Volume 1)]. Hirzel: Leipzig, 1862. Page 114.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Swabian League of Cities (German: Schwäbischer Städtebund) was an alliance between free imperial cities in and around the area now defined as south-western Germany. Its objective was the maintenance of the privileges, rights, and freedoms of its members, and it therefore also opposed the territorial ambitions of surrounding states within the Holy Roman Empire, such as Bavaria, Württemberg, and Austria.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 12, 1385
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“On the Repayment of Jew-Debts,” enacted by the Swabian League of Cities
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. If someone borrows money from the Jews within a year of this agreement with our king, the borrower shall pay back the capital only, and all interest shall be waived. 2. If the money was borrowed before this agreement, capital and interest shall be added, and the borrower shall pay back only three quarters of the resulting sum.
5. Source	Historical Commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.). Deutsche Reichstagakten (Erster Band) [Documents of the German Imperial Diet (Volume 1)]. Cotta: Munich, 1867. Page 492.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Swabian League of Cities (German: Schwäbischer Städtebund) was an alliance between free imperial cities in and around the area now defined as south-western Germany. Its objective was the maintenance of the privileges, rights, and freedoms of its members, and it therefore also opposed the territorial ambitions of surrounding states within the Holy Roman Empire, such as Bavaria, Württemberg, and Austria.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 1385
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Regulations” issued for Coburg by Margrave Katharine and her Sons
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] pawnbroking is permitted to Jews except with chasubles, bloody garments, wet hats, and cuirasses/armor/harnesses ('Harnische') from the castle in Coburg. Jews who wish to move away from Coburg may do so unhindered, but may not owe any outstanding taxes […]”
5. Source	Lämmerhirt, Maike: Juden in den wettinischen Herschaftsgebieten: Recht, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft im Spätmittelalter. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Thüringen; Kleine Reihe Band 21; (Wien/Köln; 2007); (“Jews in the Wettinian Territories/Dominions: Law, Administration, and Economy in the late Middle Ages. Publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia; Small Series Volume 21; (Vienna/Cologne; 2007)”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Margrave is a medieval title of royal, chivalric rank — it was a hereditary title given to nobles who had jurisdiction over a certain domain and whose job it was to oversee and defend a border province during the Holy Roman Empire and/or a kingdom.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 6, 1386
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order/Exhortation” of Wenceslaus IV (Wenzel) of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	’Wenczlaw’ by the grace of God, Roman Emperor of all time […] and King of Bohemia. Dear faithful ones, we have learnt that the Jews – our chamber-servants – who live in these and other parts of our empire, and [do all sorts of unlawful things] to the detriment/shame of Christians and the Christian faith. It is therefore, our opinion/decision, that they shall go [out] and present themselves in that way, namely in boots and Jewish hats (‘stivallen und in judenhuten’), as was done in old times […] so that one can distinguish a Jew among Christians […]. This we earnestly command you […] with this letter […].
5. Source	Urkundenbuch der Stadt Strassburg. Sechster Band. Politische Urkunden von 1381-1400 bearbeitet von Johannes Fritz. (Strassburg; 1899); (Official Documents of the City of Strasbourg. Sixth volume. Political documents from 1381-1400 edited by Johann Fritz. (Strasbourg; 1899);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1387
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order/Exhortation” of Wenceslaus IV (Wenzel,) of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	We, Wenczlaw, Roman King by the grace of God, […] have previously demanded a sum of money from the Jews – our chamber-servants – in the cities Colmar, Selestat (‘Sletzstat’), and Haguenau (‘Hagenow’) […] and assumed that they would report their numbers [and pay accordingly] as the Jews in the Imperial cities of Swabia do. However, the Jews have refused to comply with our demands and orders […] and have not wanted to obey us [… therefore we] have ordered the aforementioned bailiffs (‘Landvogten’) Dietrichen and Luczen that they shall announce and enforce these [demands…]
5. Source	Urkundenbuch der Stadt Strassburg. Sechster Band. Politische Urkunden von 1381-1400 bearbeitet von Johannes Fritz. (Strassburg; 1899); (Official Documents of the City of Strasbourg. Sixth volume. Political documents from 1381-1400 edited by Johann Fritz. (Strasbourg; 1899);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The original document can be found in the State Archives of Strasbourg – Str. St. A. AA 107 n. 37. Or. Ch. Lit. cl.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 25, 1387
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Act, passed by the Swabian League of Cities
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[3] From now on, no businessman shall sign a promissory note with a Jew, nor shall he accept any silver or gold from him, whether it is located in German or foreign lands; and no one shall take any gold or silver from these German lands to a Jew in foreign lands, nor promise such a thing to a Jew.
5. Source	Historical Commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.). Deutsche Reichstagakten (Erster Band) (Documents of the German Imperial Diet (Volume 1)). Cotta: Munich, 1867. Page 567.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Swabian League of Cities (German: Schwäbischer Städtebund) was an alliance between free imperial cities in and around the area now defined as south-western Germany. Its objective was the maintenance of the privileges, rights, and freedoms of its members, and it therefore also opposed the territorial ambitions of increasingly assertive surrounding states within the Holy Roman Empire such as Bavaria, Württemberg, and Austria.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 1, 1387
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Law” (‘Abschied’) of the Rhenish City Parliament of Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) Also, one has come to an agreement with the Swabian cities […] that Jews are to be prohibited to take on any Christian [wet] nurses or maids […] and any Jew or Jewess [found to disobey this order …] is to give a fine of hundred guldens to the city in which they live […] and the nurse or maid is to be banned for a year from the city […]. 2) Also, one is to make sure that they appear/walk according to Jewish-customs and fashion […] 3) Also, Christian servants and [wet] nurses and maids [who serve Jews] are to be branded with a mark under their eyes […].
5. Source	Deutsche Reichstagsacten unter König Wenzel. Erster Band. Erste Abteilung. 1376-1387. Herausgegeben von Julius Weizsäcker. (München; 1867); (German Parliamentary Files/Documents of King Wenceslaus. First Volume. First section. 1376-1387); Munich; 1867.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 8, 1387
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution” of the Swabian and Rhenish Federal Cities
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	It should be known, that the Swabian cities and Rhenish cities have come to an agreement, that Jews in all of their cities shall be prohibited to have Christian wet-nurses or Christian wenches (‘cristen ammen noch cristen maget zu haben’) [and that] a Jew or Jewess (‘jude oder judynnen’) who violates this [order…] shall give the city in which they lived […] and the wet-nurse or the wench who lived and served the Jew in the city be banned for one year. […]
5. Source	Urkundenbuch der Stadt Strassburg. Sechster Band. Politische Urkunden von 1381-1400 bearbeitet von Johannes Fritz. (Strassburg; 1899); (Official Documents of the City of Strasbourg. Sixth volume. Political documents from 1381-1400 edited by Johann Fritz. (Strasbourg; 1899).
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This resolution is dated: 1387 September 8-14.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1388
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Sigmund Huller, Administrator of the Lower Chambers (‘Landesunterkämmerer’) in the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Sigmund Huller, Administrator of the Lower Chambers (‘Landesunterkämmerer’) of the Kingdom of Bohemia, commands on behalf of the explicit order of the King, that all cities in Bohemia are to collect and safe-keep all interests and other cash which they are to collect from each Jews using a copy of this order […] in order to turn them (the assets) over to each official City Office, until further notice/order. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text. The full Latin text can be found in Franz Palachy’s Ueber Formelbücher, zunächst in Bezug auf böhmische Geschichte. Nebst Beilagen.

1. Full Date of Act	1389
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Registry” of Archbishop of Peter of Mainz, year 1389*
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Mainz; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] the Jews are required to submit two pounds of pepper [corns] to [the estate] of the Archbishop at the beginning of each year. […]”
5. Source	Magdeburg, LHA, Cop. 1389, Orig., lat. (“Magdeburg Main (State) Archive, Copy 1389, Orig[inal], Latin.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Peppercorns, like many other spices, were extremely valuable and often hard to obtain and considered a ‘luxury item.’ *The original document has been lost and was most likely recreated sometime during Archbishop Peter’s reign; the above date refers to the date of the copy which can be found in the Main State Archive of Magdeburg, Germany.

1. Full Date of Act	1389
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews from Kurpfalz" Issued by Ruprecht II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "After being in power for less than a year, Ruprecht II cases out all Jews and assumes all of their properties and starts to sell them to local citizens." Löwenstein, Leopold: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland (Band 1): Geschichte der Juden in der Kurpfalz: nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen dargest.— Frankfurt a. M., 1895 p. 16
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 19, 1389
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Sigmund Huller, Administrator of the Lower Chambers (‘Landesunterkämmerer’) in the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Sigmund Huller, Administrator of the Lower Chambers (‘Landesunterkämmerer’) orders on the explicit command of the King all mayors, judges, councilmen, jurors/aldermen in all the cities in Bohemia, that they should immediately arrest all Jews in their cities and keep them and their movable and immovable possessions locked away in safe custody [until further notice] […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text. The original text can be found in Franz Palachy’s Ueber Formelbücher, zunächst in Bezug auf böhmische Geschichte. Nebst Beilagen.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1389
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Duke Johann
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] Henceforth, no Jew shall be permitted to settle or live in our land and our city of Görlitz. […]
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); p. 897;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 15, 1389
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Wenceslaus IV, King of Bohemia, orders all burggraves, castellans, mayors, judges, councilmen, judges/aldermen, communities in the cities of Bohemia [… furthermore] to collect – if necessary through the use of their own means – and to prompt Jews who live in those cities and towns to exact an appropriate amount from each in order to submit the sum of money to him (the King) without delay.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1390
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, King of Germany, for the cities of Nuremberg, Rothenburg, Schweinfurt, Windsheim and Weissenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We have considered the significant and manifold damage wrought upon our subjects, noblemen and commoners alike, by the Jews and their immoderate practices, and therefore decree and order herewith, that all citizens of Nuremberg, Rothenburg, Schweinfurt, Windsheim and Weissenburg shall be free of, and unencumbered by, any loans and similar contracts with Jews in those cities, but also with any Jews in other cities or foreign places; and any disputes regarding such debts, whether brought by the Jews themselves, their representatives, or their heirs, shall be dismissed by the magistrates, the debts declared null and void, and any collateral be restored to the borrower, without compensation [to the Jew].
5. Source	Historical Commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.). Die Chroniken der fränkischen Städte. Nürnberg (Volume 1) (The Chronicles of the Frankish Cities. Nuremberg (Volume 1)). Hirzel: Leipzig, 1862. Page 125.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1391
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Mass Conversion of Jews in Iberia"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1391 a considerable number of Jews are baptized by force against their will on the Iberian peninsula." Gruyter, Walter: Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. (2009)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 17, 1391
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Writ" of King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Wenceslaus IV, establishes Jews in this writ to be part of his ‘chamber-servants’ (’servi camerae regis’).
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Chamber-Servants (or servants of the royal chamber) was the status given to Jews in Christian Europe of the Middle Ages. It gave the king/ruler the right to tax them at will and to trade and/or sell Jews off temporarily to collect additional revenues for the royal treasury.