Acts – Page 46 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1496
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews from Naples”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Jews were expelled from Naples." Kingdom of Naples "The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal. King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7) [The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500. Volume 69];" history.ac.uk
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 9, 1496
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by Maximilian I for the Jews in Carinthia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty promised the territorial estates (‘Landstände’) in Carinthia to expel the Jews within the next 6 months from the land for their crimes against the sacrament, against Christian children and the various frauds/scams they are involved in, and to punish them for any such crime […] furthermore, he promises to never allow Jews into the domain again […]
5. Source	Regesta Imperii. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz; (Regesta of the Empire. Academy of the Sciences and Literature Mainz); RI XIV Maximilian I. (1486/1493-1519) - RI XIV,2; www.regesta-imperii.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 18, 1496
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion Decree” issued by Maximilian I for the Jews in Styria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty promises the territorial estates (‘Landstände’) of the Duchy of Styria to [expel] all Jews for their crimes against the sacrament, and against Christian children, and for their various scams from Styria, Viennese Neustadt and Neunkirchen for eternity and to no longer permit any Jew to return/settle in this region. The citizens (‘Landschaft’) are to make up for the resulting loss of Jewish-taxes with a one-time payment of 38,000 flRh ['local currency’]
5. Source	Regesta Imperii. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz; (Regesta of the Empire. Academy of the Sciences and Literature Mainz); RI XIV Maximilian I. (1486/1493-1519) - RI XIV,2 www.regesta-imperii.de; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 5, 1496
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion decree, issued by King Manuel I of Portugal
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Portugal
4. Text of Act	That the Jews of these regions neither dwell, nor be in them. We determine and order to be published as our law, that through the month of October of the year of Our Lord one thousand four hundred and ninety-seven, all Jews and Jewesses in our realms shall leave them, under penalty of death, and lose their farms to those who accuse them. By this same decree, anyone who during said time has hidden any Jew, shall also lose his farm to his accuser.
5. Source	[Kingdom of] Portugal. Ordenações De El-Rey D. Manuel (Ordinances of King Dom Manuel). Valentim Fernandes: Lisbon, 1513. Second Book, Title 48, fol.43v..
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1496
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who have been expelled from Styria and Carinthia are to live in Marchegg. […] Christians are to permit them to live in their houses for quite (‘ziemlich’) an interest/fee. […]
5. Source	Hebräische Bibliographien, III. Jahrgang. Redigiert von Dr. M. Steinschneider (“Hebrew Biographies, Volume III. Edited by M. Steinschneider (PhD.)”); Volume 3, Issues 13-18.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This law was issued by Maximilian on the urging of the Prelates, who had paid 38000 Pf. pennies for the expulsion.

1. Full Date of Act	1497
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Secret Baptism of Jewish Children" issued by King Manuel of Portugal 3/19/1497
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Portugal
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "King Manuel I, in an effort to prevent Jews from fleeing the persecutions, secretly ordered the baptism of all children between the ages of four and fourteen." "1497 March 19, PASSOVER IN PORTUGAL;" jewishhistory.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 27, 1497
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order, issued by the City Council of Nuremberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	A Jew who has inherited a house in the city and sold it, shall be subjected to an additional tax assessment of ten percent.
5. Source	Stern, Moritz. Die isrealitische Bevölkerung der deutschen Städte [The Israelite Population of the German Cities]. H. Fiencke: Kiel, 1896. Page 312.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1498
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Banning of Jews from Vienna"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Archbishop of Salzburg issues a 'Judenverbot' [ban on Jews]." "Anti-Semitism in Austria - a historical overview;" anarchismus.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1498
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental-Ordinance” issued by the Councils, Prelates, Knights […] as per Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg’s will
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	[…] the accepting of usury by Jews […] does not only spur and displeases God by nature but also the Christian order, and basically destroys the poor-men and [Our] subjects […] that is why we wish in honor of God […] that Jews shall not be kept/tolerated in Württemberg [… and that subjects shall not borrow money from Jews on any immovable property…].
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Württemberg in ihrem Verhältniß zum Staat, bis 1806. von Johannes Fallati. (History of Jews in Württemberg in their relationship to the state, until 1806.) (Tübingen; 1852)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above governmental ordinance was issued according to Eberhard I’s will after his death.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 12, 1498
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews from Nuremberg ordered by King Maximilian I.
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	After being told that the number of Jews allowed to live in Nuremberg according to privileges was clearly exceeded, and many of the citizens of Nuremberg were ruined by the loans and usury of the Jews, which, above all, caused damage to craftsmanship in Nuremberg, King Maximilian orders to expel all Jews from the city. While they are allowed to take their movable goods with them, their houses, synagogues and lying estates are to be confiscated in the name of King Maximilian. […]
5. Source	Regesta of the Empire Online (Regesta Imperii Online), RI XIV,2 n. 6459, Regesta-imperii.de, Accessed online
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 21, 1498
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Emperor Maximilian I, King of Germany, for the City of Nuremberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We order the mayor, the council and the community of the City of Nuremberg, seriously and irrevocably, that you shall drive any and all Jews and Jewesses out of Nuremberg, even those who obey your commandments, so that they will, within a deadline to be determined by you, remove themselves from that same City of Nuremberg, with all of their movable goods and possessions; and their homes, their synagogue and any other real estate, including their graveyard, shall be relinquished and turned over to Our imperial bailiffs, without any objections. Neither you nor your descendants shall allow any Jew or Jewess to enter Nuremberg and its surroundings, let alone live there, for time eternal.
5. Source	Neumann, Max. Geschichte des Wuchers in Deutschland bis zur Begründung der heutigen Zinsgesetze (History of usury in Germany until the establishment of current laws on interest). Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses: Halle, 1865. Page 400.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 5, 1499
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Addendum to the Edict of Expulsion of the Jews Issued by King Ferdnand and Queen Isabella of Spain
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	We therefore order all and each of the justices of our kingdoms, that if now, or at any time hereafter, any Jews or Jewesses should enter our kingdoms, whether those that were banished, or whatsoever others from foreign kingdoms or states, you are immediately to inflict on them the punishment of death, confiscation of their property, and every other penalty contained in the aforesaid law. … [Jewish converts] on publicly becoming Christians at the place where they arrive,… we permit to reside in our kingdoms as Christians; but if any of them should have Jew servants, they must send them out of the kingdom within two months, or at the expiration of that time they must become Christians.
5. Source	E. H. Lindo, “The History of the Jews of Spain and Portugal,” Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London, 1848, p. 302, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	DeDe Mann (Covington)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 17, 1499
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus prohibits Jews at the threat of a fine of 100 Schock Bohemian Groschen (currency) to seek the protection of other lords, and orders that they are to remain the sole subject of the king and the authorities/officers he appoints.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1500 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Toll/Custom (Zollordnung) Tariff of Fernstein near Tyrol, year 1500
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“If a Jew comes/walks (‘fürget’)* or rides [across] and does not announce himself, he forfeits his body and possessions, if he however announces himself, he is to pay as much as a swine/pig* which is four (‘fierer’ [=1/5 Austro-Hungarian Krone]) and dice.”
5. Source	Rauscher, Peter: Den Christen gleich sein. Diskriminierung und Verdienstmöglichkeiten von Juden an österreichischen Mautstellen in der Frühen Neuzeit (16./17. Jahrhundert); (“Egal to Christians. Discrimination and Earning-Potential/Opportunity of Jews in Austrian Toll-Crossings”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This word, which no longer exists in German, seems to have referred to the act of passing through on foot. Meaning someone who sneaks through without paying the toll. **It’s noteworthy that Jews are equated in this text to swine/pigs. The origins of giving dice when crossing a toll crossing is obscure.

1. Full Date of Act	1500
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Pope Alexander VI
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Demanded one-twentieth of Jewish property throughout the world for three years in order to finance the war against the Turks. Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes, jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 3, 1500
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Moravian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Moravia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] if [a] Jew wishes to lend someone money, this may not take place without the knowledge (and consent) of the bailiff or the aldermen of the community to which the lender belongs to; […] Jews may not have business-dwellings/stores in villages, but only in cities markets; [… a] Jew may only take 2 Gulden from each 10 Gulden in interests. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1500
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Levy in the Regiment Regulation of 1500" Issued by Maximilian I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	All Jews, young and old, are each to pay a Gulden per year; rich Jews are to assist poor Jews with this when necessary.
5. Source	Zeumner, Karl: Quellensammlung zur Geschichte der Deutschen Reichsverfassung im Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Toronto; 1913; p. 175 pp, AND DATE
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1500
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of John Corvinus, Prince/Duke John of Troppau
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Troppau; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	John Corvinus, Prince of Troppau, grants the jurisdiction of the Jews of the city of Troppau, over whom he holds sole reign, to the aforementioned city […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 28, 1501
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” for the City of Pilsen issued by the Principles and Community Eldest of the City of Pilsen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Royal City of Pilsen
4. Text of Act	[… in this ordinance, the following subject matters are regulated for Jews] interest [on loans]; lending of clothing items; prohibition to make loans on yarns and bedding/sheets; prohibition to sell certain clothing items; loans that are past due; stolen items; that Jews shall not bathe in Christian baths; that they shall not purchase holy (church) items; they shall not invite/take on foreign Jews without the prior consent of the mayor […] foreign Jews may remain in the city no longer than three days […] they may not burn coins. Interests are determined: two Denar for each Schock a week; one Denar for half a Schock; and 20 Groschen [… for ] a Heller. […]
5. Source	History of Jews in Pilsen. Bearbeitet von Rb. Prof. Dr. Max Hoch Pilsen. (“History of Jews in Pilsen. Edited by Rb. Professor Max Hoch, PhD. Of Pilsen”); hugogold.com.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The Jewish ordinance of Pilsen contains 19 articles. The above is a translation of a German summary of the text. An abbreviated version of the original Czech text can be found in Gottlieb Bondy’s “Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620" (“Regarding the History of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 until 1620.”); the original document itself can be found in the Pilsner Museum No. 39; page 54 according to the same source.

1. Full Date of Act	1502 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Medical Ordinance” (‘Medizinalverordnung’) issued in the Principality of Frankonia, year 1502
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] Jews are not permitted to be (hold a practice) as doctors. […]”
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 23, 1502
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Vladislaus
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia/Hungary; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus informs/complains to the under treasurer Albrech von Leskovec, that the Jews of Ceske Budejovice [Budweis] sue the other citizens [of the city] for the smallest infractions taking their cases directly to the Burgrave of Prague; instead, [King Vladislaus] orders [Albrech von Leskovec] that Jews shall [henceforth] present their case to the mayor and the aldermen first and to make this officially known.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This writ was signed in Buda which is now part of Budapest. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 29, 1502
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Citizens/Community of New-Town Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews, because they are not residents, are to stay away from New Town Prague, because they are no longer tolerated there under any circumstances.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1503 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Employment of Christian Servants Prohibited to Jews
3. Geography of Act	Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"It is not allowed for Jews to employ Christians in their houses on a permanent basis, as it has been banned by the popes. It is however allowed that Jews hire Christians as day laborers as long as they don’t spend the night in the house and take their meals separately."
5. Source	Das Rechtsbuch Johannes Purgoldts, book VIII, article CIII. Ed. by Dr. Friedrich Ortloff, page 256. Accessed online
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 20, 1503
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Legal Decision” of the Citizens/Community of New-Town Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may not lend anyone [money] except on pledges […]; they may not charge higher interests than those ordered by the king [… Jews] may not participate at Christian markets [… they may not] peddle with clothing items […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher These legal requirements directed at Jews were issued in response to an admonition from the king. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1503
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued the Council and the Eldest of Pilsen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews, local as well as foreign, shall wear Jewish coats (‘kukle zidovske’) so that they can be distinguished from the Christians [… Jewish wives/women] shall wear veils in public that have wide yellow edges […] or pay 5 Gr. [Groschen] each time they’re encountered […] Jews may not make veils [or pursue other trades reserved for Christians …]
5. Source	History of Jews in Pilsen. Bearbeitet von Rb. Prof. Dr. Max Hoch Pilsen. (“History of Jews in Pilsen. Edited by Rb. Professor Max Hoch, PhD. Of Pilsen”); www.hugogold.com; Accessed online
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None