Acts – Page 47 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 1, 1504
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Vladislaus II of Hungary to the City of Pilsen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] and we bestow upon you – the citizens […] the mercy that no Jew may be admitted to the city now or by any other future King of Bohemia […] because the Jews were given to the city to be used [to their advantage] by our ancestors/predecessors, […] that is why we give the citizens of this city [Pilsen] through the power of our Royal authority in Bohemia [the right] to expel the Jews from the city whenever they see fit/appropriate and deem good […] this is to occur without any objection/hindrance from us or any future kings of Bohemia and that they (city/citizens) may enjoy the mercy/grace bestowed upon them [via this document].
5. Source	History of Jews in Pilsen. Bearbeitet von Rb. Prof. Dr. Max Hoch Pilsen. (“History of Jews in Pilsen. Edited by Rb. Professor Max Hoch, PhD. Of Pilsen”); www.hugogold.com; Accessed Online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1505 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Synod” issued by Bishop Georg Schenk von Limpurg, 1506
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishop of Bamberg [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 44) Christians and Jews are not to have any fellowship with each other [… including in terms of eating and drinking], […] buying and selling or any other kind, since all of the above mentioned matters can lead to fraud and usury (‘cum verisimile sit, omnia hec supra dicta in fraudem fieri usurorum’) […]”
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 8, 1505
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Dukes Albert I (‘Albrecht’) and and Charles I (‘Karl’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Duchy of Oels
4. Text of Act	[…Jews] the enemies of the Christian religion are to be expelled from all of the cities and villages in the domain for their usury and fraud/scams […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1507
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of John of Seinberg and Kost, High Chamberlain of the Kingdom of Bohemia for Mladá Boleslav (Jungbunzlau)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may not lend money to others without the permission of the lords/local authorities [and] all loans must be entered in the [local] registry […] no Jew may charge more than three groschen for each Schock groschen in interest per week [… Jews] may not house/lodge a foreign Jew without the permission of the lords/local authorities nor pursue a trade or a craft in any other way than which has been permitted to them. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 31, 1507
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the Citizens/Community of Old-Town Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] as per the permission of the King, the Jews must now only leave the city in a year’s time; however, no one may speak in favor of them or face expulsion himself/herself […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The document was signed in Buda, today known as Budapest. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 3, 1507
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate, issued by Jacob of Liebenstein, Archbishop of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	All officers shall order the Jews to leave from here and take themselves and their families to another place. We hereby order that all Jews, male or female, shall wear their sign, so that they can be recognized by others; those who fail to do so shall be arrested and brought to the bailiff in Mainz, to receive their just punishment for disobeying our order. We also order that none of the Jews shall do any business whatsoever with any of our subjects, be it a sale, trade, purchase or loan contract. In the future, no more than two Jews traveling through Mainz shall walk together in any public street, and these travelers may only stay at the Cold Bath Inn, nowhere else.
5. Source	Schaab, Carl Anton. Diplomatische Geschichte der Juden zu Mainz und dessen Umgebung, mit Berücksichtigung ihres Rechtszustandes in den verschiedenen Epochen (Diplomatic History of the Jews in Mainz and its surroundings, under consideration of their legal situation across the various epochs). Zabern: Mainz, 1855. Page 144.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 4, 1507
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the King Vladislaus II
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus announces to the citizens of Old-Town Prague that he has bestowed upon them the grace that he will not oppose the fact that the Jews of Prague shall stay no more than a year in Prague; however, they are to stop and require Jews to turn over a certain sum of money to Colonel County Scriptor (‘Oberstlandschreiber’) Nikolaus von Hofic on behalf of the king which he had prescribed to the Jews many years ago.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 21, 1508
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the King Vladislaus II
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus announces that he has transferred jurisdiction over the Jews of Prague to Colonel-Burgrave Zdenek Lew von Rozmital and Blat […] and the Burgrave of Prague Heinrich Tunkl von Brnicko in such a manner that if Jews leave Prague without a royal permission, they have the authority to require them to return within two months; however, if this demand/summons is not complied with, their homes in Prague and all of their possessions shall be awared to Zdenek Lew von Rozmital and Heinrich Tunkl von Brnicko. Furthermore, all fines of the Jews of Prague, which the King was entitled to as per the Jewish aldermen of Prague, shall be divided up among the two aforementioned […] and Colonel-Chancellor of the Bohemian kingdom, Albrech Kolowrat of Graupen and Libstein.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The document was signed in Buda, today known as Budapest. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1508
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the King Vladislaus II
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus declares that the citizens of Ceske Budejovice [Budweis], which he had bequeathed the houses and properties of the Jews who had paid for their crimes with their lives or possessions, are being tormented by the relatives of those Jews and summoned to the Office of the Burgrave in Prague. He orders that such harassment of the citizens of Ceske Budejovice [Budweis] are no longer to be tolerated, since he gifted those possessions at his discretion – to which he was legally entitled to.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This document was signed in Buda, today known as Budapest. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1509
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Burning of the Talmud" issued by Maximilian I
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) A converted Jew Johannes Pfefferkorn receives the authority of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, to destroy the Talmud and other Jewish religious books in Frankfurt, except the Hebrew Bible. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 4, 1509
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial rescript, issued by Emperor Maximilian I, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] we decree and submit that from now on, no Jew be present in our Archduchy of Austria, except in our towns of Güns, Eysenstadt and Marchekh, as well as the Jew Hiersl of Zissterstorff who may reside there; moreover, that all foreign and domestic Jews may no longer lend against real estate or deed but solely against movable objects, and wherever they, as before, lend against real estate or deed, they may not derive any right or interest from it, and our Chief of Police and his regiments at Salzburg shall use all available means to make the necessary arrangements for immediate compliance.
5. Source	Zeibig, H.J. (ed.). Der Ausschuss-Landtag der gesammten österreichischen Erblande zu Innsbruck 1518 : (Aus dem XIII. Bde des Archivs der kais. Acad. der Wiss. für Kunde österr. Geschichtsquellen.) [The Committee-Congress of the Complete Austrian Hereditary Lands at Innsbruck 1518 : (From Vol. XIII of the Archive of the Imperial Academy of Sciences for Austrian Historical Sources.)] Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei zu Wien: Vienna, 1854. Pp. 129f.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 22, 1510
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege to no longer tolerate Jews” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and given to the city of Colmar
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Maximilian grants the City of Colmar the privilege to expel Jews for the pernicious damage they cause …]
5. Source	Vor Halbtausend Jahren. Festschrift zur Erinnerung an den Besuch des Kaisers Maximilian in St. Wendel. (Half a millennium ago. Commemorative piece to commemorate Emperor Maximilian’s visit to St. Wendel); www.medieval-ashkenaz.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1510
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” of Emperor Maximilian I and addressed to the Jews of the County (‘Grafschaft’) of Oettingen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; County of Oettingen; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We, Maximilian, by the grace of God, elected Roman Emperor […] let it be known to the Jewish community with this imperial letter […] that no Jew shall be admitted [permitted to settle] within two miles of Nördlingen in the County of Oettingen […] or be fined twenty Mark of soldered gold to be paid to Our imperial chamber […] and that you move out with your possessions from the County of Oettingen by St. Michael’s Day […] and to no longer be seen there anymore […] if you wish to remain in our grace/mercy […]
5. Source	Des Reichs-Stättischen Hand-Buchs. Zweyter Theil. (Hand-book of the Imperial Cities. Second part.); (Tübingen; 1733);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1510
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of Expulsion of the Jews from the Kingdom of Naples November 2, 1510
3. Geography of Act	Italy
4. Text of Act	Considering the harms that affect the most Christian city of Naples and all the Kingdom by the cohabitation with Jews, infidels and enemies of the holy Catholic religion, and particularly by the contact between Jews and those recently converted, for the peril to the latter that derives from it, as has been demonstrated by the happy experience of the Kingdom of Spain, recently purged of every heresy with the expulsion of the Jews: We, Ferdinand, out of the deep love we harbor for all the Kingdom of Naples, and for the well being and good Christian name of said Kingdom, deem necessary the perpetual expulsion of all the Jews who live there. As a consequence we order all Jews, male and female, with their children, servants and familiars of whatever age to abandon the Kingdom within the month of March of the coming year 1511. To transgressors will be applied the death penalty and confiscation of goods, without formal trial or conviction. We warn all the inhabitants of said Kingdom against receiving Jews into their lands or houses after that date, at the penalty of confiscation to the Treasury of their movable and immovable goods. And so that the Jews may be able to sell in the best way possible their goods and businesses by the stated term, we assure them of our royal protection against whoever might hazard to molest them, with threat to the transgressors of the expected penalty for such cases. This is so that they might come and go freely to order their possessions in the best way possible. Power is also given to said Jews to export freely by sea and land all their goods, save for valuables in silver, gold and coins.
5. Source	Mario Stock, La rassegna mensile di Israel (The Monthly Review of Israel); “L'editto di espulsione degli ebrei dal Regno di Napoli (1510) e la loro breve riammissione nel Settecento” ("The edict of expulsion of the Jews from the Kingdom of Naples (1510) and their brief readmission in the sixteenth century"); Jstor.org; Accessed online
6. Researcher & Translator	Michael De Sapio
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1511
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Mandate" addressed to Duke Salm
3. Geography of Act	Vienna
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "A mandate to Duke Salm is the first [document] to mention [the wearing of] a Jewish sign [in Vienna]." Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien; 1918) p. 3
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1513
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Parliament Decision” issued the General Assembly/Parliament of Olomouc
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews may not take more than one gulden per 10 loaned gulden in interest [… which] are to be submitted semi-annually. […] If a Jew makes a loan on a pledged item, it must be first reported to and registered with the bailiff or the aldermen. If a Jew accepts a pledge, he must return it or compensate its [truthful] owner without argument. Jews may not live in villages but only in towns and cities.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 15, 1513
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Vladislaus II*/Maximilian I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[Prohibits the desecration of the Jewish cemetery in Prague and the dead]. In return, Jew are required to submit their levies for the cemetery which have been ascribed to them in the past […]. Furthermore, it shall only be permitted to them to bury their dead at night, which, however, may never be on a Sunday. Furthermore, no one may walk ahead of a procession (corpse on a gurney) with a burning black candle as it is their custom, or with the head-cover of the dead or a book. Last but not least, if there are several dead to be buried, they must be carried and buried at the same time and not carried [to the cemetery] separately.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1514
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by King Vladislaus
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Vladislaus permits the mayor, the aldermen, and the entire community of the city of Uherské Hradišt [Hradisch] to expel the Jews […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 1, 1514
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Emperor Maximilian permitting Bishop Wilhelm of Strasbourg to expel some of his Jews
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	Every Jew in the above-mentioned villages of Bliensswyler, Mittelbergkhen and Nothalden between the date of this letter and the Holy Day of Pentecost shall be ordered to vacate the area,… and from now on [no] Jew or Jewess [is permitted] to live or reside there,… and whether a Jew or Jewess should trade or travel to the above-mentioned villages, they should always be marked with a yellow ring on their upper clothes and should not remain there overnight without warning.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.124-126, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1515 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Edict” issued by the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg Georg Schenk of Limpurg
3. Geography of Act	Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"... and we also command that Jews in general and in particular are not allowed to enter or to pass through our cities, markets and places, courts and territories, They may not have any community or trade with others. Be it to buy, to sell or to lend. They must be avoided altogether."
5. Source	Contributions to the History of the Bamberger Civil and Criminal Law (Beiträge zur Quellengeschichte des Bamberger Civil- und Kriminalrechts) by Carl Gahn, Bamberg 1893, page 36. Translation by Franziska Wagener 4/25/2017
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Eldermen (“Schöffen”) of Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “When the guilds of sword-makers complained to the city that individual Jews were engaging in sword making and were selling these along with other handmade items to Christians, the Eldermen ('Schöffen') of Prague ordered the Christian business-overseers to confiscate any new goods which they found on Jews.” [“Schöffe” were honorary laymen who could issue orders and impose punishments for crimes that were legally binding.] “Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in der Cechoslovakischen Republik; VIII Issue; 1936; Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz;" ("Year-book of the Society for History of Jews in the Czech Republic; edicted by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz");(Frankfurt am Main; 2008)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate, issued by Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	No one shall indenture himself to the Jews, or give them any real estate as collateral, under punishment by Our courts, and no judgment shall be awarded to any Jew for their interest and fees.
5. Source	Württembergische Kammer der Abgeordneten [Württemberg Chamber of Representatives] (govt. body). Verhandlungen der Württembergischen Kammer der Abgeordneten in den Jahren 1862 bis 64 (Proceedings of the Württemberg Chamber of Representatives in the Years 1862 to 1864). First Volume of Appendices, Second Part. Metzler: Stuttgart, 1863-1864. Page 1170.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 20, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental/State/Land-Ordinance” (‘Landesordnung’) issued in the Duchy of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	[…] furthermore, no one shall place himself or his immovable properties in debt with Jews or face punishment […] and no Jew is to be given legal intercession in cases of usury in court […]
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Württemberg in ihrem Verhältniß zum Staat, bis 1806. von Johannes Fallati. (History of Jews in Württemberg in their relationship to the state, until 1806.); (Tübingen; 1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regarding the [trade]activities/handling (‘Handthierung’) of Jews” issued by the City Council/Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[… the Jewry …] may not trade with old money or enter into a business venture with foreigners (‘mit keinem fremden theil or gemein … haben’) […] nor lend money to minors […]
5. Source	Der Juden zu Frankfurt Stättigkeit und Ordnung. (1613); (The Settlement/Establishment of Jews of Frankfurt and Ordinance/Order. (1613));
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the County of Nassau*
3. Geography of Act	County of Nassau
4. Text of Act	No one [is] to have contact or trade with Jews or face large fines; furthermore, no Jew [is] to settle outside of the territory of the earl (‘Grafschaft’) and enter the city with that intention and receive [automatically] escort/protection (‘Geleite haben’).
5. Source	Weisthum der Gesetze, Ordnungen und Vorschriften welche in die Nassauische Teutsche Länder, Ottoischer Linie, von den ältesten Zeiten bis hierhin ergangen sind. Ausgestellt nach der Zeit und Buchstabenfolge. Zweiter Teil. (“Collection of laws, ordinances, and regulations which were issued in Nassaunian-German Lands in the lineage of Otto from times past up until now.”) (Hadamar; 1803); Seal of the Law Library of Munich.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2013
8. Notes	Researcher The above translation is of a German summary of the original text. *The County of Nassau was an independent state within the Holy Roman Empire.